Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-28T11:08:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anadarcmoreiraarcanjo.pdf: 614200 bytes, checksum: ccd550dc3a35a8ba8098cd6f477af45b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:34:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anadarcmoreiraarcanjo.pdf: 614200 bytes, checksum: ccd550dc3a35a8ba8098cd6f477af45b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anadarcmoreiraarcanjo.pdf: 614200 bytes, checksum: ccd550dc3a35a8ba8098cd6f477af45b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / A educação inclusiva, como modalidade de educação escolar oferecida na rede regular de ensino, é um direito defendido pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1996. Contudo, colocar esta proposta em prática ainda é um grande desafio para os profissionais envolvidos com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, uma perspectiva voltada para a integração multidisciplinar, a qual entende o processo de ensino e aprendizagem como interação entre os estímulos provenientes do meio externo e o cérebro, torna-se fundamental para a efetivação da educação inclusiva. Assim, o presente estudo buscou uma articulação entre psicologia, educação e neurociências, transformando o sistema de ensino e aprendizagem, por meio de novas práticas elaboradas de acordo com o funcionamento harmônico entre o cérebro, a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento humano. O objetivo deste trabalho constituiu em promover uma discussão sobre as práticas pedagógicas da educação inclusiva e seus efeitos no desenvolvimento escolar, para tanto realizou-se um estudo de um caso envolvendo uma criança de oito anos,com diagnóstico prévio de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH), desde seu encaminhamento até o tratamento. Com base na análise deste caso, concluiu-se que as práticas inclusivas devem ser incorporadas a partir da colaboração entre as áreas da psicologia, neurociências e educação com um olhar dirigido à maneira de aprender da criança com TDAH. / Inclusive educationastype of educationofferedinthe regular school systemis a rightupheld by theLaw of Guidelines andBases, 1996. However, to putthis proposalinto practiceremains a majorchallenge for professionalsinvolved inthe process ofteaching and learning. In this sense, a perspectivefocused onmultidisciplinary integration, which meansthe process ofteaching and learningasinteraction betweenstimuli from theexternal environmentand the brain, it becomes essentialfor effectiveinclusive education. Thus, this study sought alink betweenpsychology, neuroscienceandeducation, transforming the system of teaching and learningthroughnew practicesprepared in accordance withthe harmonious functioningofthe brain, learning and human development. Theobjective of this studywasto promotea discussionaboutthe pedagogical practicesof inclusive educationand its effects onschool development, from the studyof acase involvinga childof eightyears,previously diagnosed withattentiondeficit disorderand hyperactivity(ADHD )fromyour referralto treatment. Based onits analysis,it was concluded thatinclusive practicesshould be incorporatedfrom thecollaborationbetween thefields of psychology, neuroscienceand educationwith an eyedirectedway to learnthechildwith ADHD.

Today, the air transport industry has become an essential element of global society by its great contributions to the wide exchanges of cultures/people and to the rapid growth in the world economy. However, on the other hand, the adverse impacts on the environment caused by air transport, such as air pollution, noise and climate change, are drawing, increasingly, growing public concern. In order to address the steady growth in air-travel demand in the next decades through an environmentally-friendly way and realise the ACARE 2020 environmental goals, The Clean Sky programme has been launched by European Union over the period 2008 – 2013. The project research, described in this thesis and sponsored by the Clean Sky programme, aims at evaluating the feasibility of reducing the environmental impact of commercial aviation through the introduction of changes in the aircraft operational rules and procedures, as well as the application of the new-generation propfan (open rotor) engine, based on flight trajectory multidisciplinary optimisation and analysis of commercial aircraft. In order to accomplish the above research objectives, a complete methodology to achieve and realise optimum flight trajectories has been initially proposed. Then, 12 component-level models which function as simulating different disciplines, such as aircraft performance, engine performance, engine gaseous emission, and flight noise, have been developed or selected/adopted. Further, nine system-level integration and optimisation models were built. These system-level models simulate flights from Amsterdam Schiphol airport in the Netherlands to Munich airport in Germany flown by different types of aircraft through different flight phases with different optimisation objectives. Finally, detailed investigations into the flight trajectory optimisations were performed, extensive optimisation results were achieved and corresponding description, analysis and comparisons were provided. The main contributions of this work to knowledge broadly comprise the following: 1) the further development regarding the methodology of flight trajectory multidisciplinary optimisation; 2) previous work on aircraft trajectory optimisation has often considered fixed objectives over the complete flight trajectory. This research focused on representative flight phases of a flight mission with different optimisation objectives, namely, noise impact and fuel burn during the departure phase; fuel burn and flight time during en route phase; and noise impact and NOx emission during the arrival phase; 3) this research has extended the current flight trajectory optimisations to turboprop and propfan equipped aircraft. As a result, a relative complete 2D flight trajectory multidisciplinary optimisation spectrum, spanned by primary commercial aircraft types, primary flight phases and primary optimisation objectives of interest, has been built. Although encouraging progress have been achieved, this project research, as with any other research activity, is also only ‘on the way’ rather than coming to the ‘end’ point. There are still many aspects which can be improved further and there is still much new research and exploration which can be investigated further. All these have also been suggested in this thesis.

Ces travaux portent sur la conception multidisciplinaire de systèmes intégrés. Ces systèmes sont soumis à un nombre d’exigences toujours croissant, entraînant des besoins en termes d’intégration fonctionnelle et spatiale. Ces différents types d’intégration relative au produit sont également la source d’une complexité organisationnelle, provenant à la fois de la multitude d’acteurs réalisant différentes activités d’ingénierie, mais également de la diversité des domaines impliqués, désignée dans ce manuscrit par « intégration multidisciplinaire ». Pour favoriser cette intégration multidisciplinaire, les phases de « conception préliminaire » et de « conception détaillée » ont été identifiées comme déterminantes, notamment car elles se caractérisent par la collaboration de nombreux experts, manipulant un grand nombre de données techniques de définition. Les systèmes conçus lors de conceptions multidisciplinaires restent faiblement intégrés. Cela est en partie dû au cloisonnement entre les disciplines et à un mode d’organisation projet basé sur une planification prédominante, caractérisé notamment par une diffusion de l’information principalement descendante (top-down). Afin d’assurer une meilleure collaboration entre ces différentes disciplines, de permettre des prises de décision éclairées par des indicateurs opérationnels et de pouvoir analyser et mieux comprendre les phénomènes d’intégration des expertises, l’introduction d’une méthode inspirée des principes fondateurs des méthodes agiles est proposée pour la conception collaborative de systèmes intégrés.La contribution de ces travaux s’appuie sur trois concepts complémentaires. Le premier, intitulé Collaborative Actions Framework correspond à un cadre de collaboration opérationnelle autour d’actions. Un des objectifs de ce framework est de faciliter la collaboration des acteurs des projets de conception, quelle que soit leur origine disciplinaire, mais également d’assurer une traçabilité entre les prises de décision et les corrections/modifications apportées sur les données techniques. Cette traçabilité est rendue possible grâce aux liens existants avec le second concept intitulé Workspace. Apportant un nouvel éclairage sur les possibilités offertes par la collaboration autour de ces espaces de collaboration, ce concept offre un certain nombre de possibilités,notamment la mise en commun continue des travaux, l’intégration multidisciplinaire et la validation des modifications. Les échanges de données techniques entre les workspaces, ou le travail simultané sur les mêmes données techniques, s’appuient quant à eux sur la possibilité de pouvoir gérer de façon parallèle différentes versions d’une même donnée technique. Ces possibilités sont proposées par le troisième concept, intitulé branch & merge, qui permet également à différents acteurs de travailler simultanément sur les mêmes données. Enfin, ces trois concepts sont ensuite illustrés par l’intermédiaire d’un démonstrateur composé d’un scénario et d’un prototype informatique. Un produit mécatronique, combinaison synergique et systémique de la mécanique, de l'électronique et de l'informatique temps réel, est utilisé afin d’illustrer les possibilités offertes par nos travaux en termes d'intégration multidisciplinaire lors de la conception collaborative. / This work focuses on the multidisciplinary and collaborative design of integrated systems. These systems are subject to an ever increasing number of requirements, leading to the need for more comprehensive functional and spatial integration. These different types of product integration are also at the origin of organizational complexity. This complexity arises not only from the great number of actors performing various engineering activities but also from the diversity of disciplines involved (designated in this manuscript as “multidisciplinary integration”). To encourage this multidisciplinary integration, “preliminary design” and “detailed design” have been identified as the most significant steps, especially since they are characterized by the collaboration of multiple experts handling a large number of product definition’ technical data. Systems that have been designed thanks to multidisciplinary approaches are generally poorly integrated. This is partially due to the compartmentalization of disciplines, as well as to the “project-planned” method, where project planning is predominant and information is mainly spread out “top-down”. To ensure better cooperation between the various disciplines, to enable decision making based on operational indicators and to analyze and understand the multidisciplinary integration processes, a method inspired by the founding principles of agile methods (the agile manifesto) is proposed for the collaborative design of integrated systems. This work is based on three complementary concepts. The first is, the Collaborative Actions Framework, an operational framework for collaboration around actions. One objective of this framework is to improve the collaboration among designers, whatever their disciplinary origin. It also ensures traceability between decision making and corrections/changes made to technical data. This traceability is made possible by the useof the second concept, called Workspace. Even if this term is already well known, we propose a new definition/usage to transform it into collaboration spaces. This concept offers great possibilities, including the continuous delivering/sharing of experts’ contributions, multidisciplinary integration and change validation. The exchange of technical data between workspaces, or simultaneous work on the same data, relies on the ability to manage several parallel versions of the same item into a single datamanagement system. These opportunities are offered by the third concept, called Branch & Merge. Finally, these three concepts are illustrated through a scenario and a computer prototype. A mechatronic product, “the synergistic combination of mechanical and electrical engineering, computer science, and information technology” (Harashima et al., 1996), is used to illustrate the opportunities offered by our work in terms of multidisciplinary integration during collaborative design.