Product lifecycles are complex heterogeneous systems. Applying control methods to lifecycles requires significant human capital. Additionally, measuring lifecycles relies primarily on domain expertise and estimates. Presented in this dissertation is a way to semantically represent a product lifecycle as a cyber-physical system for enabling the application of control methods to the lifecycle. Control requires a model and no models exist currently that integrate each phase of lifecycles. The contribution is an integration framework that brings all phases and systems of a lifecycle together. First presented is a conceptual framework and technology innovation. Next, linking product lifecycle data dynamical is described and then how that linked data could be certified and traced for trustworthiness. After that, discussion is focused how the trusted linked data could be combined with machine learning to drive applications throughout the product lifecycle. Last, a case study is provided that integrates the framework and technology. Integrating all of this would enable efficient and effective measurements of the lifecycle to support prognostic and diagnostic control of that lifecycle and related decisions. / Ph. D. / The manufacturing sector is on a precipice to disruptive change that will signifcantly alter the way industrial organizations think, communicate, and interact. Industry has been chasing the dream of integrating and linking data across the product lifecycle and enterprises for decades. However, inexpensive and easy to implement technologies to integrate the people, processes, and things across various enterprises are still not available to the entire value stream. Industry needs technologies that use cyber-physical infrastructures efectively and efciently to collect and analyze data and information across an enterprise instead of a single domain of expertise. Meeting key technical needs would save over $100 billion annually in emerging advanced manufacturing sectors in the US. By enabling a systems-thinking approach, signifcant economic opportunities can be achieved through an industrial shift from paper-based processes to a digitally enabled model-based enterprise via the digital thread. The novel contribution of this dissertation is a verifed and validated integration framework, using trusted linked-data, that brings all phases and systems of the product lifecycle together. A technology agnostic approach was pursued for dynamically generating links. A demonstration is presented as a reference implementation using currently available technology. Requirements, models, and policies were explored for enabling product-data trustworthiness. All methods were developed around open, consensus-based standards to increase the likelihood of scalability. The expected outcome of this work is efcient and efective measurements of the lifecycle to support data-driven methods, specifcally related to knowledge building, decision support, requirements management, and control of the entire product lifecycle.

To satisfy new market requirements, manufacturing industry has shifted from mass production that takes advantage of the scale of production, to quality management that optimizes the internal enterprise functions, to e-manufacturing era that leverage intellectual capital via collaborative innovation. In the same time, the product itself is becoming the most important asset for sustainable business success. Consequently, the effectiveness, efficiency and innovation for the development of the product across the whole product lifecycle are becoming key business factors for manufacturing enterprise to obtain competitive advantages for survival. To tackle such challenges, a new business model called collaborative product services in virtual enterprise is proposed in this paper. The architecture of this new model is developed based on the framework and the application of web service and process management for collaboration product service in virtual enterprise. Indeed, it is hoped that this architecture will lay the foundation for further research and development of effective product lifecycle management in virtually collaborative enterprise environment. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

A new product progresses through a sequence of stages from its introduction in the market and its profitability, this sequence is known as the ¡§product life cycle (PLC).¡¨ However, before a product enter the market during the conceive phase, there are three major elements: product data conception, product data collaboration, and product data management. These elements allow a company to track product development through portfolio management and to maintain sales product configuration and market documentation through centralize database. The essence of product lifecycle management (PLM) helps a company increase product revenues through reduced design phase period and prototyping costs due to changes. Currently, the PLM uses a process-oriented model where its strategies are inefficient due to lack of comprehensive consideration and fast rate of change in market needs. As a result, resources are wasted and product competitiveness is affected when the entire process is altered. Thus, this research presents the architecture-oriented product lifecycle management model (AOPLMM) as a solution to deficiencies of the process-oriented model. The goal of AOPLMM is to establish product design development based on multi-needs of the market. Overall, AOPLMM is able to integrate design organization (such as requirement specification, intellectual property right, and green environmental design) and information system for product development knowledge in defining responsibilities of each division and collaboration among them. AOPLMM includes six fundamental diagrams: the ¡§architecture hierarchy diagram,¡¨ the ¡§framework diagram,¡¨ the ¡§component operation diagram,¡¨ the ¡§component connection diagram, the ¡§structure-behavior coalescence diagram,¡¨ and the ¡§interaction flow diagram.¡¨ To construct an efficient model through information management system has several advantages such as flexibility in product design, immediate response to market needs, simplification of product development, decline in enterprise cost, and increase in competitiveness. Therefore, an architecture-oriented model is the clear choice for product lifecycle management.

As the consumption trend has shifted to personal uniqueness, the traditional mass production of a single product has already been replaced by a small amount of various production to match consumption pattern. To meet challenge imposed by the market, manufacturers must change tactics and methods in their R&D activities. Consumers have already taken the high-quality products or services for granted, hoping to obtain the desired products or services that as soon as possible. The manufacturer expects to push new products or services to the market earlier than the competitors¡¦ move in order to gain extra profit margins. Higher price can be sold for a product pushed earlier to the market than a later product with the similar function. The products that lag behind in the market introduction will suffer lower prices or no profit. The manufacturer always wants to clear out the stock of existing products to control costs, and attempts to introduce new products or new services with more new functions before followers do. The purpose is to dominate the market and let followers not to enjoy profit margins. So, how to speed up the products¡¦ lifecycle should be the goal for enterprises to pursue. Recently, each enterprise emphasizes the core competencies, keep and strengthen the strong abilities of enterprises, and conducts outsourcing the less competitive products to those companies that are familiar with related manufacturing technologies. In the process a new product is developed or the modification for the product design has taken place. Questions arise as to : (1) how to transmit information to the person who must know as soon as possible? (2) how to guarantee the product information that the research personnel receive is the correct edition? Collaborative Product Commerce between the organizations will encounter more difficulties and challenges than the Collaborative Product Commerce within the organization. And this subject has already become serious challenges in the supply chain. The products function has grown more complicated, and a lot of unconfirmed factors exist in the development of new products. While the project developed carries on, customers¡¦ requirement, manufacturing technology and restriction of engineering ability, and the restriction of the supplier's engineering ability, may all influence the new product engineering. So while the new product development project carries on, because of these changes they will cause design modification or manufacturing operation modification, in order to enable development of the products to maintain integrally, and reach the goal of the project. So how to use PLM system to coordinate with among different functional organization department, and to coordinate inter-organization project team members, have become the main issues of this thesis. For Semiconductor Industry, Taiwan is the most important manufacture area of the world, from IC design, wafer fabrication, wafer probing, IC packing and final test, etc. Taiwan has a entire and strong supply chains. Count according to Dataquest, the global semiconductor assembly and testing industry subcontractor, Taiwan got the 43.7% market share in 2005, nearly have about 30% of leading disparity with No. two U.S.A. with scale of 6,641 million dollars, it is obvious Taiwan is the leading status of the industry in the whole world. This research takes case A Company as an example, and compares the new product development procedure before PLM implementation and after, including the project workflow, data access, information sharing, knowledge sharing, decision making and information security, in order to offer a reference model for the manufacturing industry especially semiconductor assembly and testing industry of Taiwan to implement PLM System.

<p>  </p> <p>Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a well-known strategy used to improve business and manufacturing operations. Even with the attractive benefits it can provide, many companies struggle to successfully implement PLM solutions. This study proposes that this is due to a lack of knowledge on the critical barriers that affect the implementation of PLM solutions, and that reliance on the opinions of PLM professionals alone are not enough to create a successful implementation plan. This study addresses these issues with following research questions, what are the barriers to PLM implementation and is there a difference between those identified in literature and those confirmed by professionals, is there a difference between barrier impact rankings, based on professional opinion and those determined utilizing the DEMATEL method, and what are the critical barriers determined using the DEMATEL method supplemented by the MMDE algorithm? To answer these questions a series of two surveys were sent out to professionals in the PLM space with experience working on PLM implementation projects. The first of the two surveys was used to confirm the barriers that exist within the PLM implementation process. The second of the two surveys was used to gather information on the perceived impact of barriers and the causal relationships between barriers in the form of relationship matrices. To analyze these matrices the DEMATEL method supplemented by the MMDE algorithm was used.</p> <p>This study did not intend to provide absolute solutions to the critical barriers identified in this study, rather it intended to increase the success rate of PLM implementations by, confirming the barriers identified in the literature, providing information on the relationships between the barriers to PLM solution implementation and determine which of the barriers can be considered critical. Following these results of this study, the DEMATEL analysis method may supplement existing PLM implementation frameworks allowing companies to identify the critical barriers to implementation, allowing for better allocation of resources and ultimately a more successful PLM implementation. </p>

De modo geral, há pouca informação disponível aos gestores para orientá-los tanto sobre o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Medição de Desempenho (SMD) quanto à adequabilidade do SMD atual. Já Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) é uma abordagem para a gestão integrada das informações e dos processos de negócio para todas as fases da vida de um produto. A fim de compreender todas as fases da vida de um produto e, de forma consistente, considerar a abordagem PLM, as empresas estão tentando incorporar indicadores de desempenho de sustentabilidade em seus SMDs. O presente trabalho possui por objetivo propor um framework para o desenvolvimento de um SMD para a abordagem PLM com ênfase na sua aplicação prática, compreendendo as seguintes características: um procedimento com a descrição dos seus passos; um conjunto de ferramentas como formulários para apoiar o procedimento; uma lista de indicadores de desempenho de prática seleção dos indicadores na aplicação do framework, relacionados com PLM e sustentabilidade. Esta pesquisa adota a metodologia de pesquisa em design, como a abordagem mais ampla, na qual a proposta do framework é sintetizada da literatura e posteriormente aplicada e aperfeiçoada à medida que se conduzia uma pesquisa-ação. As principais contribuições consistem em possibilitar o diagnóstico do SMD atual da empresa assim como o seu nível de maturidade e selecionar indicadores com base em uma lista previamente sistematiza, para facilitar essa escolha. Finalmente, mostra-se que é possível incorporar indicadores de desempenho de sustentabilidade nos SMDs atuais da empresa para abordagem PLM, desde que existam stakeholders interessados em estabelecer objetivos estratégicos para a sustentabilidade. / Usually there is little information available to managers to guide them on either the development of a Performance Measurement System (PMS) or the uptade of the current PMS. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an integrated approach to information management and business processes for all stages of life of a product. Further, in order to fully address all phases of a products life and consistently support consider the PLM; companies are trying to incorporate sustainability performance indicators into their PMS. Thus, this work aims at proposing a framework to develop a PMS for the PLM approach with an emphasis on practical application, comprising the following characteristics: a procedure containing steps and a set of tools such as forms to support them; a list of performance indicators PLM and sustainability to enable the selection of indicators. This research adopts the design research methodology, as the broader approach, in which the proposed framework is synthesized from literature and then applied and improved during an action research. The highlights of the framework are the diagnosis of the current SMD company as well as their level of maturity of the PMS and the selection of performance indicators through a list. Finally, this work indicates that is possible to incorporate sustainability performance indicators into the PMS for the PLM approach as long as there stakeholder interested in establishing strategic objectives for sustainability.

De modo geral, há pouca informação disponível aos gestores para orientá-los tanto sobre o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Medição de Desempenho (SMD) quanto à adequabilidade do SMD atual. Já Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) é uma abordagem para a gestão integrada das informações e dos processos de negócio para todas as fases da vida de um produto. A fim de compreender todas as fases da vida de um produto e, de forma consistente, considerar a abordagem PLM, as empresas estão tentando incorporar indicadores de desempenho de sustentabilidade em seus SMDs. O presente trabalho possui por objetivo propor um framework para o desenvolvimento de um SMD para a abordagem PLM com ênfase na sua aplicação prática, compreendendo as seguintes características: um procedimento com a descrição dos seus passos; um conjunto de ferramentas como formulários para apoiar o procedimento; uma lista de indicadores de desempenho de prática seleção dos indicadores na aplicação do framework, relacionados com PLM e sustentabilidade. Esta pesquisa adota a metodologia de pesquisa em design, como a abordagem mais ampla, na qual a proposta do framework é sintetizada da literatura e posteriormente aplicada e aperfeiçoada à medida que se conduzia uma pesquisa-ação. As principais contribuições consistem em possibilitar o diagnóstico do SMD atual da empresa assim como o seu nível de maturidade e selecionar indicadores com base em uma lista previamente sistematiza, para facilitar essa escolha. Finalmente, mostra-se que é possível incorporar indicadores de desempenho de sustentabilidade nos SMDs atuais da empresa para abordagem PLM, desde que existam stakeholders interessados em estabelecer objetivos estratégicos para a sustentabilidade. / Usually there is little information available to managers to guide them on either the development of a Performance Measurement System (PMS) or the uptade of the current PMS. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is an integrated approach to information management and business processes for all stages of life of a product. Further, in order to fully address all phases of a products life and consistently support consider the PLM; companies are trying to incorporate sustainability performance indicators into their PMS. Thus, this work aims at proposing a framework to develop a PMS for the PLM approach with an emphasis on practical application, comprising the following characteristics: a procedure containing steps and a set of tools such as forms to support them; a list of performance indicators PLM and sustainability to enable the selection of indicators. This research adopts the design research methodology, as the broader approach, in which the proposed framework is synthesized from literature and then applied and improved during an action research. The highlights of the framework are the diagnosis of the current SMD company as well as their level of maturity of the PMS and the selection of performance indicators through a list. Finally, this work indicates that is possible to incorporate sustainability performance indicators into the PMS for the PLM approach as long as there stakeholder interested in establishing strategic objectives for sustainability.

Consciente que l’unité de compétitivité n’est plus l’entreprise mais toute la chaîne logistique contribuant à la réalisation du produit, les efforts consentis par l’entreprise se matérialisent, d’une part, par la volonté de maîtriser au mieux les activités de conception des produits et d’autre part, par la construction de collaborations entre tous les acteurs de la chaîne logistique participant au cycle de vie du produit. Cela a conduit à l’émergence d’une gestion collaborative du cycle de vie du produit appelée communément PLM. L’objet de cette thèse consiste à définir une démarche méthodologique pour répondre à la problématique suivante : Comment le PLM pourra t-il participer à l’optimisation de la chaîne logistique ? Nous adoptons, dans cette thèse, une approche hybride combinant PLM et modèles mathématiques pour optimiser les décisions de conception simultanée du produit et de sa chaîne logistique. Nous proposons des modèles conceptuels pour résoudre de manière formelle le compromis entre PLM et modèles mathématiques pour une optimisation de la chaîne logistique. Contrairement aux approches classiques centralisées utilisées pour traiter le problème intégré de conception du produit et de sa chaîne logistique et qui engendrent des modèles mathématiques compliqués, nous adoptons une démarche couplant des décisions centralisées quand il s’agit d’intégrer les contraintes des différents maillons de la chaîne logistique et une approche décentralisée quand il s’agit d’optimiser localement chaque maillon de la chaîne. Le mode décentralisé réduit la complexité de résolution des modèles mathématiques et permet à la chaîne logistique de répondre rapidement à l’évolution des conditions locales de chaque maillon. Le PLM joue le rôle d’intégrateur. En effet, le regroupement centralisé des informations par le PLM permet de prendre en considération la dépendance entre les maillons améliorant ainsi les résultats obtenus par optimisation locale. / AIt is recognized that competition is shifting from “firm versus firm” perspective to “supply chain versus supply chain” perspective. Therefore, the ability to optimize the supply chain is becoming the critical issue for companies to win the competitive advantage. Furthermore, all members of a given supply chain must work together to respond to the changes of market demand rapidly. In the actual context, enterprises not only must enhance their relationships with each others, but also need to integrate their business processes through product life cycle activities. This has led to the emergence of a collaborative product lifecycle management commonly known as PLM. The objective of this thesis is to define a methodological approach which answers to the following problematic: How can PLM contribute to supply chain optimization ? We adopt, in this thesis, a hybrid approach combining PLM and mathematical models to optimize decisions for simultaneous design of the product and its supply chain. We propose conceptual models to solve formally the compromise between PLM and mathematical models for supply chain optimization. Unlike traditional centralized approaches used to treat the problem of integrated design of the product and its supply chain which generate complex mathematical models, we adopt an approach combining centralized decisions while integrating the constraints of the different supply chain partners during the product design and decentralized decisions when it comes to locally optimize each supply chain partner. The decentralized approach reduces the complexity of solving mathematical models and allows the supply chain to respond quickly to the evolution of local conditions of each partner. PLM will assure the integration of the different supply chain partners. Indeed, the information centralization by the PLM enables to take into consideration the dependence between these partners, improving therefore local optimization results.

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a holistic approach for managing product information throughout its life cycle. It integrates different concepts that have emerged due to changes in the manufacturing process as a result of globalization, increased competition, demand for more innovative products, and other reasons. These changes have leaded to a shift from a model with a single-location for product development to a model in which a complex network of specialized companies collaborate. This global collaborative PLM implies that companies from different parts of the world work together and must share information; hence the underlying PLM system is required to facilitate data management throughout this collaborative process. In addition, it is also necessary to address the challenges due to the new model being a distributed activity, as today this PLM system is a specialized distributed system. Maintaining data consistency can be challenging because collaborators can use heterogeneous PLM systems together with their own databases. The later cannot be shared due to the risks of exposing their knowledge base and business processes. Another consideration in global collaboration is that data is transmitted to remote locations. As a result network latency can be large; this can cause problems particularly when large files are exchanged, such as may be the case for CAD design models. This thesis proposes a solution enabling a global PLM which addresses the challenges described above. The approach consists of connecting collaborators’ nodes in a network that is constructed by grouping them with respect to intra-site latency. Each group implements a coordination mechanism based on the election of a node which is subsequently in charge of coordinating data access. The groups communicate via a publish-subscribe communication pattern, publishing and subscribing to events related to the resources being shared. The integration of the solution is through a Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) implementing web services that can be consumed by a PLM system. A prototype has been implemented and its applicability is analysed by evaluating its functionality in a collaborative scenario based on the Aras Innovator PLM platform. The evaluation was made by simulating the solution proposed and comparing it with a centralized approach. The results particularly showed that the proposed solution could reduce the intra-latency compared to a centralized approach if the collaborators are organized in collaborative groups, that exchange most of the information inside the group rather than intergroup. / Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) är en helhetssyn som hanterar produktinformation under deras hela livscykel. PLM integrerar olika koncept som har dykt upp på grund av förändringar i tillverkningsprocessen som en följd av globalisering, stor konkurrens, efterfrågan på mer innovativa produkter, och andra orsaker. Dessa förändringar har blyad till en övergång från en modell med en enda plats för produktutveckling till en modell där ett komplext nätverk av specialiserade företag samarbetar. Detta globala samarbete inom PLM innebär att företag från olika delar av världen arbetar tillsammans och delar information. Det underliggande PLM-systemet krävs att underlätta datahantering hela denna samverkande process. Dessutom är det också nödvändigt att hantera utmaningar beroende på den nya distribuerade modellen som gör PLM -system blir specialiserade distribuerade system. Underhålla uppgifter konsekvens kan vara en utmaning eftersom kollaboratörer kan använda heterogena PLM-system med sina egna databaser som inte kan delas på grund av riskerna för att utsätta sin kunskapsbas och affärsprocesser . En annan faktor i den globala samarbetet är att data överförs till avlägsna platser . Som ett resultat nätverksfördröjningen kan vara stora, vilket kan orsaka problem speciellt när stora filer utbyts, exempelvis CAD-modeller. Detta masterarbete föreslår en lösning för att möjliggöra en global PLM som tar upp de utmaningar som beskrivs ovan. Tillvägagångssättet består av anslutande kollaboratörer noder i ett nätverk som konstrueras genom att gruppera dem i förhållande till intra-site latens. Varje grupp genomför en mekanism för samordning grundas på valet av en nod som därefter ansvarar för samordningen av dataåtkomst. Grupperna kommunicerar via en publiceraprenumerera kommunikationen mönster av att publicera och prenumerera på händelser relaterade till de resurser som delas. Integrationen av lösningen är genom en Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) genomföra webbtjänster som kan konsumeras av ett PLM-system. En prototyp har genomförts och dess användbarhet analyseras genom att utvärdera dess funktionalitet i en kollaborativ scenario baserat på Aras Innovator PLM-plattform. Resultaten visade att den föreslagna lösningen skulle kunna minska intra-latens jämfört med en centraliserad strategi om kollaboratörer är organiserade i kollaborativa grupper, varje grupp är ansvarig för utformningen ett delsystem av produkten och därmed utbyta mesta av informationen inom gruppen snarare än inter-gruppen.

Le système PLM est l’un des outils stratégiques de l’entreprise. Ces systèmes sont sujets à des changements récurrents dans l’entreprise. Les évolutions organisationnelles, le changement de l’offre produit ou encore le remplacement de logiciels PLM peuvent déclencher l’évolution du système d’information PLM. Une des structures les plus importantes dans les systèmes PLM est le modèle du produit, autour duquel s’articule les informations et processus. C’est autour du modèle produit que se concentrent nos recherches. Les causes d’évolution des modèles produits sont des éléments signifiants qui différencient les étapes de la démarche à suivre. Les méthodes d’IDM sont utilisées afin de formaliser la transformation des modèles. En plus, cette démarche bénéfice d’un cadre de similarité spécialement développé pour la configuration de produit. Un exemple industriel est illustré et résolu en appliquant cette démarche. Il s’agit de l’évolution d’un système gérant les modèles spécifiques de produit vers un système qui est capable de construire et d’utiliser les modèles génériques de produit. Un outil informatique support à nos travaux est développé dans le cadre d'Eclipse. / PLM systems are among the strategic components of enterprise’s information system architecture. These systems undergo frequent evolutions of enterprise. Organizational evolution or product offer variation as well as PLM application replacement may launch PLM systems’ evolution.One of the important structures in PLM systems is the product configuration, which organize and structure all product’s information and processes. Our research activities concern product model evolution. Reasons of product model evolution specify the appropriate methodology and necessary steps in order to handle it. MDE methods are used to formalize the model transformation process.Moreover, our methodology contains a specific similarity framework dedicated to product configuration. An industrial example was illustrated and resolved by this methodology. The problematic of this example is the migration of a system which manage only specific product configuration to a new system that is capable to construct and use generic models of product.