Les avancées des nouvelles technologies de séquençage ont permis aux études cliniques de produire des données volumineuses et complexes. Cette complexité se décline selon diverses modalités, notamment la grande dimension, l’hétérogénéité des données au niveau biologique (acquises à différents niveaux de l’échelle du vivant et à divers moments de l’expérience), l’hétérogénéité du type de données, le bruit (hétérogénéité biologique ou données entachées d’erreurs) dans les données et la présence de données manquantes (au niveau d’une valeur ou d’un individu entier). L’intégration de différentes données est donc un défi important pour la biologie computationnelle. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans un projet de recherche clinique sur l’obésité, DiOGenes, pour lequel nous avons fait des propositions méthodologiques pour l’analyse et l’intégration de données. Ce projet est basé sur une intervention nutritionnelle menée dans huit pays européens et vise à analyser les effets de différents régimes sur le maintien pondéral et sur certains marqueurs de risque cardio-vasculaire et de diabète, chez des individus obèses. Dans le cadre de ce projet, mes travaux ont porté sur l’analyse de données transcriptomiques (RNA-Seq) avec des individus manquants et sur l’intégration de données transcriptomiques (nouvelle technique QuantSeq) avec des données cliniques. La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée aux données manquantes et à l’inférence de réseaux à partir de données d’expression RNA-Seq. Lors d’études longitudinales transcriptomiques, il arrive que certains individus ne soient pas observés à certains pas de temps, pour des raisons expérimentales. Nous proposons une méthode d’imputation multiple hot-deck (hd-MI) qui permet d’intégrer de l’information externe mesurée sur les mêmes individus et d’autres individus. hd-MI permet d’améliorer la qualité de l’inférence de réseau. La seconde partie porte sur une étude intégrative de données cliniques et transcriptomiques (mesurées par QuantSeq) basée sur une approche réseau. Nous y montrons l’intérêt de cette nouvelle technique pour l’acquisition de données transcriptomiques et l’analysons par une approche d’inférence de réseau en lien avec des données cliniques d’intérêt. / The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has lead to a massive acquisition of high dimensional and complex datasets. Different features make these datasets hard to analyze : high dimensionality, heterogeneity at the biological level or at the data type level, the noise in data (due to biological heterogeneity or to errors in data) and the presence of missing data (for given values or for an entire individual). The integration of various data is thus an important challenge for computational biology. This thesis is part of a large clinical research project on obesity, DiOGenes, in which we have developed methods for data analysis and integration. The project is based on a dietary intervention that was led in eight Europeans centers. This study investigated the effect of macronutrient composition on weight-loss maintenance and metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors after a phase of calorie restriction in obese individuals. My work have mainly focused on transcriptomic data analysis (RNA-Seq) with missing individuals and data integration of transcriptomic (new QuantSeq protocol) and clinic datasets. The first part is focused on missing data and network inference from RNA-Seq datasets. During longitudinal study, some observations are missing for some time step. In order to take advantage of external information measured simultaneously to RNA-Seq data, we propose an imputation method, hot-deck multiple imputation (hd-MI), that improves the reliability of network inference. The second part deals with an integrative study of clinical data and transcriptomic data, measured by QuantSeq, based on a network approach. The new protocol is shown efficient for transcriptome measurement. We proposed an analysis based on network inference that is linked to clinical variables of interest.

M.A. Faculty of Humanties, School of Social Sciences. University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / INTRODUCTION: Zimbabwe has witnessed a decline in HIV prevalence in the general population estimated to be 27% in 2001, 19% in 2005, 16% in 2007 and 14% in 2009 (Mapingure et al., 2010). Whilst it is a notable decline the rate is still high. Sexual behaviour change has been reported as key to this HIV prevalence decline. Partner reduction has been advocated as an important strategy in HIV prevention. Understanding the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing the sexual behaviours that are either sustaining the declining, yet still high, prevalence rates is critical to inform interventions. There is growing interest in the association between individual’s socioeconomic status and sexual risk taking behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa. The general objective was to examine the association between wealth and sexual behaviour among men in Zimbabwe. METHOD: Analysis of data from 7175 sexually active aged 15-54 years who participated in the Zimbabwe’s 2005/06 Demographic and Health Survey was done using logistic regression models and have reported odds ratios (OR) with Confidence intervals. In the multiple logistic regressions, two models were used. Model 1 included variables: wealth, age and education whilst in model 2 we controlled for: marital status, type of residence, region of residence and religion because these socio-demographic factors influence male sexual behaviour. The dependent variables included: unprotected sex at last encounter, multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships in last 12 months. RESULTS: When we controlled for potential confounding effects of education, age, marital status, type of residence, region of residence and religion, men in the middle wealth category of the population were less likely to have engaged in unprotected sex in the last encounter with a nonspousal cohabiting partner (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.76). Wealth was found to be not statistically significantly associated with multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships. CONCLUSION: Wealthy men in Zimbabwe are less likely to engage in unprotected sex. Wealth’s association with multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships was not confirmed in this study. Equitable distribution of wealth and sound economic policies are critical in improving the general welfare of nationals so as to reduce or eliminate some of the factors that cloud the associations between socioeconomic and demographic factors and sexual behaviours of individuals. Policies and programs that recommend deferral of gratification remain critical in order to reduce number of partners.

MMed (Haematology), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells. The incidence worldwide has been reported to be 3-4/100 000 of the population. The exact aetiology is not known, but several factors have been implicated in the aetio-pathogenesis of the disease. Chromosomal abnormalities are well documented in MM. Their detection is important, as some of the cytogenetic abnormalities such as the 13q deletion are associated with a poor prognosis. Knowledge of the prognostic factors guides the clinician with respect to the appropriate management of the patient. Prior to the use of fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) as a technique for detecting cytogenetic abnormalities in MM, progress was slow in this field because of the difficulty of obtaining analysable metaphases in view of the low proliferative activity of plasma cells. FISH has significantly improved the detection rate over conventional cytogenetics. Objective: The present study set out to determine the proportion of patients with MM who have a detectable chromosome 13q deletion using conventional cytogenetic and FISH analysis. The FISH technique was specifically studied to see if the detection rate of the 13q deletion is improved compared to conventional cytogenetics. Furthermore, the cytogenetic abnormalities detected were correlated with the course of the disease, as well as other parameters of prognostic significance. vi Methods: Bone marrow aspiration specimens were obtained from thirty (30) patients with MM. Both newly and previously diagnosed patients were included. The sample size was however reduced to twenty (20) because of the need to optimise the technique and improve signal detection. Conventional cytogenetic and FISH analysis was performed using the LSI D13S319 DNA probe as the test probe, and the centromeric alpha 11 and 18 as control probes. The analysis was carried out by two observers. Results: In the current study, the detection of chromosomal aberrations was much better with FISH analysis compared to conventional cytogenetics i.e. 25% versus 5%. Of all the patients with chromosomal aberrations, 25% (5/20) had the specific deletion 13q14 (D13S319). Most of our patients (70%) presented with stage III disease. 60% of those were positive for deletion 13q14 (D13S319), i.e 3/5 patients had stage III disease. However, there was no correlation between disease stage and chromosome status, as the majority of the patients presented with advanced stage disease, irrespective of their chromosomal status. Other factors of prognostic significance such as the haemoglobin level, beta-2 microglobulin and creatinine levels were not found to correlate with the presence of the chromosomal aberration but with disease stage. Furthermore, median survival did not correlate with the presence of the chromosomal abnormality. Conclusion: FISH analysis improves the detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in MM compared to conventional cytogenetics. The prevalence of 13q14 deletion in our patient population is lower than that reported in the

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder and the most frequent neurological cause of disability in young adults. 40-65% of MS patients experience cognitive difficulties (Bennedict et al., 2012), with problems in memory, attention and information processing speed being most frequently reported. However, visuoperceptual and language functions are much less studied in MS, but the few studies that looked into them (Vleugels, 2001; Grossman, 1995) have found prevalence of significant posterior deficits in MS. Up to today no study has investigated the domain-specificity of cognitive dysfunction in MS and its longitudinal progression. Aims: The primary aim of this project was to investigate the dimensionality of MS-related cognitive impairment longitudinally. The second aim was to determine the predictors of the observed longitudinal changes. The third aim was to investigate whether the participants themselves were aware of their cognitive changes, and what predicted the self-perception of change. Methods: To address these aims I followed a sample of MS patients and compared their performance on cognitive tests measuring five cognitive domains (verbal memory, visuospatial memory, processing speed, visuoperceptual and language) at baseline and at follow-up three years apart. Then I’ve composed separate models to explain the predictors first of the actual changes, and then of the perceived changes in performance. Moreover, as part of this project I have analysed pre-existing data to evaluate the instruments and optimized the baseline test battery for use in performing the followup assessments. Findings: I have managed to collect follow-up data on 82 MS patients and 23 matching healthy controls, acquiring high (76% and 79% respectively) recruitment rates. My MS sample (24% PPMS, 34% SPMS and 46% RRMS) was representable of the overall MS population. I found that deficits were seen in all cognitive domains (none were spared) and that new deficits were picked up sporadically, although with higher predisposition towards the information processing speed, visuoperceptual and memory domains. The new deficits showed the tendency to slowly accumulate, leading to development of major problems with longer disease duration. Interestingly it was found that even though the factors that influenced cognitive decline were specific for each of the cognitive domains, however, neurological disability, MS type and levels of depression were the most common predictors of change in cognitive functioning. I found that in general MS patients perceived longitudinal changes on the BRBN battery more accurately than on visuoperceptual and language tests, and the factors that played a role in the self-perception of change were executive dysfunction, neurological disability and MS impact. Implications: The results of this study add significant contribution to the field of longitudinal change in cognition in MS. Not only I explored the dimensionality of MS-related cognitive deficits, but also examined the factors that led to poorer performance, and the patients’ own perspective of their cognitive change. Moreover, with this project I have addressed common problems in the field of longitudinal research in MS – definition of normal variation in performance; the sensitivity of cognitive tests to pick up MS-related deficits; and heterogeneity of cognitive impairments in MS; - and I have used the performance of my own controls in attempts to account for all of that. I believe that this study will be of interest not only to those who specialize in cognitive functioning in MS, but also to those who question the methods employed in clinical research to define impairments and to account for individual differences.

No description available.

by Kwok Ming Shan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-[109]). / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Cellular Radio Systems --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Direct Sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Frequency Hopping CDMA (FH-GDMA) --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Time Hopping CDMA (TH-CDMA) --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3 --- Propagation Characteristics --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Signal Strength Prediction - Path Loss --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Signal Variability --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Delay Spread --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Coherence Bandwidth --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4 --- Power Control in Cellular Radio Systems --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Centralized Power Control --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Distributed Power Control --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- CDMA Power Control --- p.29 / Chapter 2 --- Contributions --- p.39 / Chapter 3 --- ACI Analysis of the Reverse-Link --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1 --- Adjacent Cell Interference --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2 --- Adjacent Cell Interference Analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Interference Analysis of Hexagonal Cells --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Interference Analysis of Circular Cell Structure --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- Closed-form of Adjacent Cell Interference --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4 --- Generalization to Irregular Cell Structure --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.57 / Chapter 4 --- ACI Analysis of Reverse-Link with Log-normal Shadowing --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Interference with Shadowing --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Conclusions --- p.66 / Chapter 5 --- ACI Analysis of Microcell --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1 --- Propagation Characteristics of Microcellular Radio Systems --- p.69 / Chapter 5.2 --- CDMA Microcellular Radio Systems --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussions --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions --- p.76 / Chapter 6 --- Outage Probability Analysis of Imperfect Power Control --- p.77 / Chapter 6.1 --- Fast Fading of Signal --- p.78 / Chapter 6.2 --- Imperfect Power Control in CDMA --- p.81 / Chapter 6.3 --- Conclusions --- p.85 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.88 / Chapter 8 --- Examples of CDMA Cellular Radio Systems --- p.91 / Chapter 8.1 --- Qualcomm CDMA system --- p.91 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Forward-link --- p.92 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Reverse-link --- p.93 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Reverse-Link Open-Loop Power Control --- p.94 / Chapter 8.1.4 --- Reverse-Link Closed-Loop Power Control --- p.95 / Chapter 8.1.5 --- Forward-Link Power Control --- p.96 / Chapter 8.2 --- Interdigital Broadband CDMA System --- p.96 / Appendix --- p.97 / Chapter A --- Derivation of the PDF of the fast fading signal power --- p.97 / Chapter B --- Derivation of the Mean-to-standard deviation ratio --- p.98 / Chapter C --- Acronyms --- p.100 / Bibliography --- p.102

by Tsan-Fai Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-68). / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Review on spread spectrum communications --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The spread spectrum techniques --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Direct Sequence (DS) Systems --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Frequency Hopping (FH) Systems --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Time Hopping (TH) Systems --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Hybrid Systems --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Existing Applications of the spread spectrum systems --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the thesis --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- The Concept of Duality --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Multi-Carrier Systems - An Overview --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Bandwidth Efficiency --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Spectral Efficiency --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Effects of fading --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Applications of OFDM in multiple access --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- ST-CDMA --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- MC-DS-CDMA --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- OFDM-CDMA --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- Duality - Time-Frequency Interrelation --- p.16 / Chapter 3 --- Performance of Multi-Carrier CDMA System --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- System Model --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2 --- Performance Analysis --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Gaussian Channel --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Fading Channel --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Performance with Pulse Shape --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4 --- Appendix --- p.34 / Chapter 4 --- Signal Design Criteria for MC-CDMA System --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1 --- Existence of Signal Distortion --- p.37 / Chapter 4.2 --- Measures of the Signal Envelope Fluctuation --- p.38 / Chapter 4.3 --- Complementary Sequences --- p.41 / Chapter 4.4 --- Crest Factors --- p.42 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Time-limited Pulse --- p.43 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Ideally Band-Limited Pulses --- p.43 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Shaped Pulses --- p.45 / Chapter 4.5 --- Spectrally Efficient Complementary (SEC) Sequences --- p.48 / Chapter 4.6 --- Construction of Spectrally Efficient Complementary(SEC) Sequences --- p.50 / Chapter 4.7 --- Generalized Multiphase Spectrally Efficient Complementary Sequences --- p.55 / Chapter 5 --- Summary and Future Extensions --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of the Results --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2 --- Topics for Future Research --- p.59 / Appendix / Chapter A --- Exhaustive search of MPSEC sequences --- p.61 / Chapter B --- Papers derived from this thesis --- p.63 / Bibliography --- p.64

by Yin-Man Lee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-[87]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of MC-CDMA --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- System Model --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Receiver Optimization --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Transmitter Optimization --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Nonlinearly Constrained Optimization --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Outline of Thesis --- p.11 / Chapter 2 --- Centralized Transmitter Optimization for MC-CDMA Systems --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Problem Development --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- Lagrangian Optimization Approaches --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Penalty Function Method --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Barrier Function Method --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Powell's Method and Augmented Lagrangian Method --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- Optimal FDMA System --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- Modified Centralized Optimization Schemes --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6 --- Performance --- p.27 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Typical Behavior --- p.27 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Average Performance --- p.32 / Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.38 / Chapter 3 --- Decentralized Transmitter Optimization for MC-CDMA Sys- tems --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- System Model --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Optimization --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Receiver Optimization --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Single-user Transmitter Optimization --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Decentralized Transmission Scheme --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Multirate Transmission with Decentralized Transmission Scheme --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4 --- Performance --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.57 / Chapter 4 --- Performance Evaluation of Various Adaptive Transmission Schemes --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of Different Adaptive Transmission Schemes --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- Adaptive Transmission Schemes with K > M --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4 --- Modified Adaptive Transmission Scheme with Graceful Degrada- tion in the SNR --- p.68 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.71 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.73 / Chapter 5.1 --- Conclusions --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future Work --- p.75 / A The Hungarian Method for Optimal Frequency Assignment --- p.76 / Bibliography --- p.82

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease that affects the central nervous system and is considered to be a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease. The “ideal” method in treating MS would be an antigen-specific therapy that does not require generalized immunosuppression. To date there are no definitive treatments for MS but there are several licensed therapies such as -interferon. Unfortunately the effect of interferon (IFN) is reduced by the development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in up to 35% of MS patients within two years of starting treatment. An immunization schedule was developed in the BALB/c mice by subcutaneous administration of recombinant human IFN, and this resulted in development of high incidence of NAbs to the protein in the BALB/c model termed “NAbs model”. The mechanism of NAbs formation in this model is believed to be similar to that observed in IFN-treated MS patients with NAbs, which is as a result of an immune response to the protein. We elected to study NAbs in the context of IFN rather than MS directly to investigate the effects of antigen-specific tolerization strategies on the outcome of NAbs and indirectly on the outcome of IFN treatment in MS disease. The depletion of the immune cells triggers a reconstitution program that leads to renewal of the immune cell repertoire. Tolerance can be induced by intravenous administration of a protein. Within this window of reconstitution following depletion, it is hoped that the immune system can be manipulated to tolerate an otherwise foreign protein (human recombinant IFN). The tolerance strategy employed in this project was immune cell depletion using antibodies and mitoxantrone, followed by intravenous re-introduction of rhIFN. Tolerance was successfully induced in the NAbs model by intravenous administration of rhIFN, and further enhanced by immune cell depletion prior to intravenous administration of rhIFN. The BALB/c “NAbs model” offers a suitable model for use in investigating induction of tolerance to rhIFN following the formation of NAbs to the protein. The antigen of interest is known and the time to NAbs formation is also known. Tolerance induction can be monitored and investigated in this model.

An Xipo = 低能电子能量损失谱中多重散射效应的修正 / 安西坡. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-56). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / An Xipo = Di neng dian zi neng liang sun shi pu zhong duo zhong san she xiao ying de xiu zheng / An Xipo. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Table of contents --- p.iv / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Background / Chapter 2.1 --- Theory of electron scattering --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Elastic scattering --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Inelastic scattering --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- The bethe theory --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- The dielectric formulation --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Excitation of out-shell electrons --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Volume plasmon and its dispersion --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Single electron excitation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Single and multiple scattering process --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Fourier transform based deconvolution method / Chapter 3.1 --- Theory --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Derivation of the single scattering distribution (SSD) --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- K-K analyais --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effectiveness of the F-log algorithm and data interpretation --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Removal of the plural scattering using F-log --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Deduction of the dielectric function --- p.14 / Chapter 3.3 --- Shortcomings and limitations --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Spectrum collection range --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Artificial peaks in the low energy range (0-5 eV) --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Thin specimens --- p.19 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Spectra taken at q>0 --- p.22 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Direct deconvolution method / Chapter 4.1 --- Theory --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Results of the original direct deconvolution algorithm --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Results of the revised direct deconvolution algorithm --- p.32 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Removal of the plural scattering of the spectra taken at zero momentum transfer --- p.32 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Removal of the plural scattering of the spectra taken at q>0 --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Evaluation of the revised direct deconvolution algorithm --- p.39 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Elastic-inelastic interaction multiple scattering correction / Chapter 5.1 --- Theory --- p.44 / Chapter 5.2 --- Solution --- p.46 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.52 / Reference --- p.54 / Appendix: / Chapter A1 --- The F-log deconvolution program code / Chapter A2 --- The Kramer-Kronig analysis program code / Chapter A3 --- The revised F-log program code to make allowance for the collection range problem / Chapter A4 --- Program code to reconstruct the ZLP / Chapter A5 --- The direct deconvolution program code