This study aims to explore the decision-making criteria for requirements selection in market-driven software development projects in China. Requirements selection decisions are made by reconciling the conflicting stakeholders??? value propositions into a mutually-agreed set through the negotiation and communication process between stakeholders. Firstly, this study identified decision-making criteria according to different stakeholders??? value propositions, and then evaluated the importance of the criteria when making the decisions of requirements selection. Moreover, the study determined the degree to which the stakeholders from business, product, and project perspectives influence the decision-making process. Furthermore, the study explored the communication between major stakeholders in requirements selection process, as a foundation to support and guide the process. A Delphi survey was applied in this study. Opinions from experienced industrial experts were obtained to achieve reliable consensus among them on the criteria and relative importance of the criteria in requirements selection process. The Delphi survey in this study included four phases of data collection by a series of intensive questionnaires interspersed with controlled opinion feedback and follow-up interviews. 132 Experts from 11 companies were recruited by following the rigid procedure to ensure the validity and reliability of the research. The study indicated that criteria from the business perspective had a major influence on decision-making of requirements selection, while project- and product-perspective criteria were relatively lower in priority. However, there were some inconsistencies among the opinions of the recruited experts regarding the importance of the criteria. The inconsistencies may result from a number of different factors, for example; different software development projects; different size, culture, organizational structure or maturity level of the companies; or different working positions of the experts surveyed. In addition, the study found three different types of communication in requirements selection in the companies surveyed. Further, Chinese culture was believed to have effects on the communication process between stakeholders. While informal communication was highlighted in Chinese context, the Chinese culture of strictly hierarchical communication could lead to problems in the communication process. Further research is recommended to gain deeper insight into these issues.

Orientador: Aneirson Francisco da Silva / Banca: Fernando Augusto Silva Marins / Banca: Rafael de Carvalho Miranda / Resumo: O controle de qualidade é um dos principais pilares para um bom rendimento de uma linha produtiva, visando garantir maior eficiência, eficácia e redução de custos de produção. A identificação de causas de defeitos e o controle das mesmas é uma atividade relativamente complexa, devido à infinidade de variáveis presentes em determinados processos. Na produção de itens à base de aço fundido, objetiva-se reduzir defeitos de fundição (rechupes, trincas, problemas dimensionais, entre outros), os quais podem ser ocasionados por diversas variáveis de processo, tais como: composição química do aço, temperatura de vazamento e propriedades mecânicas. Em virtude disso, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma indústria siderúrgica de grande porte, a qual atua na produção de componentes ferroviários e industriais. Por meio de sua extensa base de dados, foram avaliadas as eficiências dos produtos produzidos, sendo os mesmos denominados DMU (Decision Making Units). Para tal foi aplicada a BiO-MCDEA (Bi Objective Data Envelopment Analysis) em sete DMUs produzidas à base de aço fundido em função de 38 variáveis de processos. Nesta aplicação foram evidenciadas as variáveis de processos (input/output) influentes na determinação da eficiência das DMUs. Uma vez obtidos tais resultados, foram desenvolvidas funções empíricas para as variáveis respostas em função das variáveis de processos influentes por meio de regressão não-linear múltipla. Por fim foi realizada a Otimização via Simulação ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Quality control is one of the pillars to guaranty a good yield on a production line, aiming to reach better efficiency, effectiveness and reduction of production costs. The identification of defects causes and its control is an activity relatively complex, due to the infinity of variables on some process. One of the most important objectives on a Steel Castings Parts production is to reduce castings defects (shrinkage, cracks, dimensional problems, etc.), that can be caused by several process variables, such asChemical Composition, Pouring Temperature and Mechanical Properties. Due to the mentioned explanations, this study was developed at a large steel industry, which produces rail and industrial parts. The efficiency of the produced parts, called DMU (Decision Making Units), was analyzed through an extensive data base. It was done by using BiO-MCDEA (Bi Objective Data Envelopment Analysis) on seven DMUs, which are steel casting parts, in function of 38 process variables. Additionally, the process variables influents on the DMU's efficiency determination were evidenced through the mentioned implementation. Once those results were obtained, empirical functions were developed for the response variables in function of the influents process variables through multiple non-linear regression. Finally an optimization via Monte Carlo Simulation was implemented in order to determine the inputs values necessary to optimize the empirical functions. The achieved results were satisfactory... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The aim of the thesis with title Evaluation of life insurance is to choose the most convenient insurance product for a specific client. Since we choose insurance on the basis of several criteria and it is not obvious at first sight which product is the most advantageous, it is suitable to use methods of multiple criteria decision making. In theoretical part basic notions concerning insurance industry and multiple criteria decision making are explained. Next, all methods which are used to determine weights of criteria and to choose the best variant are described in detail. For purposes of the thesis there were gathered drafts contracts for investment life insurance and risk life insurance from seven insurance companies, which means altogether fourteen contracts. In practical part evaluation criteria are determined in collaboration with client and their weights are calculated. Next, order of particular variants was determined. All process was in person consulted with a specialist from the area of insurance industry. On the basis of used methods of multicriterial evaluation of variants we can say that for the specific client the insurance product Bella Vita from the Insurance Company Generali is the best choice. In comparison with other alternatives it´s advantage is insurance payment already from the fifteenth day in case of incapacity for work, which arose as a consequence of injury and high insurance payment in case of hospitalization. If the client will choose investment variant or risk variant depends only on his decision, because their results are comparable.

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo propor um modelo para determinação da criticidade em processos industriais, utilizando a análise multicritério. Inicialmente é proposta uma classificação por prioridade dos elementos mais críticos de um sistema industrial e posteriormente, uma ordenação desses elementos dentro das suas respectivas classes de criticidade, obtendo com isso a criticidade de cada um. O modelo baseia-se nos métodos de sobreclassificação ELECTRE TRI e PROMETHEE II. Uma aplicação do modelo é realizada nesse trabalho, onde são considerados os critérios: segurança; meio-ambiente; qualidade; impacto operacional; impactos econômicos; tempo médio entre falhas e tempo médio de reparo. Como resultado, são apresentadas comparações do modelo proposto com os métodos tradicionais de determinação de criticidade, procurando observar aspectos subjetivos e objetivos de forma conjunta, a fim de fornecer uma visão clara e sistêmica sobre os problemas implícitos na determinação da criticidade em sistemas industriais. É possível concluir que o uso da análise multicritério na determinação da criticidade possibilita maior profundidade na avaliação e constitui uma ferramenta que auxilia na gestão da manutenção e no aumento da confiabilidade para os sistemas produtivos. / This work aims to propose a model for determining the criticality in industrial processes, using the multi-criteria analysis. Initially it is proposed a priority rating of the most critical elements of an industrial system and later, an ordering of the elements within their respective classes of criticality, thus obtaining the criticality of each. The model is based on outranking methods ELECTRE TRI and PROMETHEE II. An application of the model is carried out in this work, where the criteria are considered: security; environment; quality; operational impact; economic impacts; mean time between failures and mean time to repair. As a result, are presented comparisons of the proposed model with the traditional methods of determination of criticality, trying to observe subjective aspects and objectives jointly in order to provide a clear and systemic view of the problems implicit in determining the criticality in industrial systems. It was concluded that the use of multi-criteria analysis to determine criticality enables greater depth in the assessment and is a tool that helps in the management of maintenance and increased reliability for production systems.

Les problématiques liées au développement durable modifient fortement les habitudes des consommateurs ainsi que les stratégies des entreprises. Dans ce contexte, l’optimisation de la chaîne logistique avec prise en compte de critères de développement durable devient un défi majeur. Néanmoins, les travaux scientifiques basés sur des modèles quantitatifs sont encore rares. Nous contribuons donc à cette littérature en revisitant des modèles classiques d’optimisation de gestion de stock en prenant en compte des critères de développement durable. Nous sommes convaincus que les différents aspects du développement durable ne devraient pas être réduits à un seul objectif. Nous proposons donc une approche basée sur l’optimisation multi-objectif pour revisiter les modèles economic order quantity en mono- et multi-échelon. Ces modèles sont ensuite utilisés pour analyser les impacts de la coopération client-fournisseur ou de l’investissement dans des technologies vertes sur les performances de la chaîne logistique. Par ailleurs, les entreprises deviennent de plus en plus proactives vis-à-vis du développement durable. Nous proposons donc d’utiliser des méthodes d’aide multicritère à la décision au lieu de considérer le développement durable comme une contrainte dans les modèles. Dans cette optique, l’entreprise peut fournir des informations sur les compromis désirables entre les dimensions économiques, environnementales et sociales du développement durable afin d’obtenir rapidement une solution satisfaisante. / Sustainability concerns are increasingly shaping customers’ behavior as well as companies’ strategy. In this context, optimizing the supply chain with sustainability considerations is becoming a critical issue. However, work with quantitative models is still scarce. Our research contributes by revisiting classical inventory models taking sustainability concerns into account. We believe that reducing all aspects of sustainable development to a single objective is not desirable. We thus reformulate single and multi-echelon economic order quantity models as multi-objective problems. These models are then used to study several options such as buyer-supplier coordination or green technology investment. We also consider that firms are becoming increasingly proactive with respect to sustainability. We thus propose to apply multiple criteria decision aid techniques instead of considering sustainability as a constraint. In this sense, the firm may provide preference information about economic, environmental and social tradeoffs and quickly identify a satisfactory solution.

Orientador: Jansle Vieira Rocha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T11:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soare_PedroHenriqueQuariguasy_M.pdf: 1800080 bytes, checksum: 366d3c0b4ab5c21ad87e119c7754ed91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Atualmente o Sensoriamento Remoto tem avançado a sua utilização em diversos segmentos da sociedade acadêmica e empresarial, assim como, das iniciativas públicas e privadas, haja vista a quantidades de satélites já em órbita e os lançamentos contínuos dos mais diversos tipos de sensores remotos. Diversas nações têm como objetivo a independência geoespacial, seja por questões de segurança nacional ou estratégias de política de desenvolvimento econômico, razão pelo qual os vultosos valores investidos em inovação e tecnologias geoespaciais. Neste sentido, podemos citar inúmeras aplicações do sensoriamento remoto, como subsídio ao planejamento de políticas públicas de uso e ocupação terrestre, fiscalização governamental de fronteiras, planejamento ambiental, mapeamentos e análises de cobertura, análise da dinâmica espaço-temporal de uso e ocupação de solos, de florestas, de agricultura, dentre os mais diversos. Em relação às questões das aplicações do sensoriamento remoto na agricultura, vale ressaltar a importância do segmento sucroenergético nacional como fonte de diversas riquezas, como a produção de açúcar, etanol, bioeletricidade e derivados, e ainda contribuindo com uma matriz energética renovável. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem a finalidade de hierarquizar as aplicações do Sensoriamento Remoto no setor sucroenergético, assim como, avaliar as restrições de utilização das geotecnologias no segmento. Para efeito didático da pesquisa, assim como, para o diagnóstico mercadológico foi classificado nesta pesquisa três grandes e principais grupos de a utilização das geotecnologias, sendo, aplicações em na gestão agronômica dos fatores de produção, aplicações nas ambientais e, no suporte à gestão dos negócios. No grupo de análise de restrições foram elencados três principais fatores atuais de restrição de utilização: conhecimento de sensoriamento remoto, custos das tecnologias de sensoriamento remoto e a disponibilidade de recursos humanos para o setor sucroenergético. O presente trabalho foi realizado com uma pesquisa de opinião com especialistas junto aos principais "players" do segmento sucroenergético, nas áreas de produção das regiões Centro-sul. A representatividade da pesquisa considerando a safra 2012/2013, foi de aproximadamente 35% da produção total, que tem como previsão 448 milhões de toneladas (Conab, 2012). Como ferramenta de análise e suporte às informações provenientes das pesquisas de opinião, foi utilizado o método multicritério AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Process. Os resultados apresentados nesta pesquisa hierarquizam como principais aplicações do sensoriamento remoto: Aplicações Agrícolas, Meio Ambiente e Gestão de Negócios; e como principais restrições: Conhecimento da Tecnologia do sensoriamento remoto, Disponibilidade de Recursos Humanos e Custos das Tecnologias do Sensoriamento Remoto. Com estes resultados, foi possível elencar e adequar os esforços acadêmicos e comerciais para subsidiar o aumento de utilização das geotecnologias, assim como, diagnosticar suas restrições, para aperfeiçoar e estimular alternativas de uso e aplicação / Abstract: Currently, remote sensing has advanced its use in various segments of the academic society and business, as well as, the public and private initiatives, given the amounts of satellites already in orbit and the ongoing launches of several types of remote sensors. Several nations have the goal of geospatial independence, either by national security issues or strategies of economic development policy, which is why the huge amounts invested in innovation and geospatial technologies. In this sense, we can cite numerous applications of remote sensing, as planning policies for land use and occupation, government oversight of borders, environmental planning, mapping and analysis of land use, analysis of the spatial-temporal dynamics of soil use and land use, forests, agriculture, among many others. Regarding the questions of applications of remote sensing in agriculture, is worth emphasizing the importance of national energy sector sugar as a source of various wealth, as the production of sugar, ethanol, bioelectricity and sub products, and also contributing to a renewable energy matrix. Thus, this study aims to identify and prioritize the main applications of Remote Sensing in the sugar energy sector, as well as, assess the constraints to increase use of geotechnologies. For didactic purposes of this research, as well as, marketing for the diagnosis was classified in this study three main groups of geotechnologies uses, applications in the management of agronomic factors of production, environmental applications, and support of business management. In the group analysis of constraints were listed three major factors restricting current use, such as remote sensing knowledge and costs of remote sensing technologies, as well as, the availability of Human Resources for the energy sector sugar. This work was carried out with a survey with experts with the major players in the segment of sugar energy in the Mid-South production areas. The representativeness of the survey considering 2012/2013 was approximately 35% of total production, which is forecasting 448 million tons (Conab, the first survey - April 2012). As a tool of analysis and supporting information from polls was used multicriteria method AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results presented in this research prioritize the main applications of remote sensing as Applications for Agriculture, Environment and Business Management, and as major constraints are: Knowledge of Remote Sensing Technology, Human Resource Availability and Costs of Remote Sensing Technologies. With these results, it was possible to list and tailor academic and commercial efforts in order to support geotechnologies use, as well as, diagnosing its constraints, to improve and encourage alternatives for use and application / Mestrado / Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

The target of this thesis is to compare suitable application methods at intercompany comparison. Used methods are divided into three sections. In the first part, the multiple criteria decision methods are described. Within this part, common used methods (method of simple order, method of standard variables, method of distance from virtual subject) and more advanced methods taught in the class of Theory of decision (WSA, Topsis, ELECTRE III, Mappac and other) are described. As part of these methods the determination preferences are defined. Further Data envelope analyses are introduced. The last method mentioned in the theoretical part is index IN05 method. All of the above described methods are applied to the beer industry. In conclusion the comparison of all used methods is presented.

The thesis describes a way of searching a better financial opportunities. The first part is about the multiple criteria decision making. I focus on application methods of multicriterial evaluation of alternatives on different possibilities of solving retirement. The target is to compare different possibilities and then suggest a solution. The second part is about the linear programming. The main objective of the diploma thesis is to suggest a create mathematical model, which I will use in my profession. This mathematical model will display results, which tell us how we can solve the question of money and finance.

In this thesis I consider possibility to spend my vacation in one of the three countries: Spain, France, Italy. In each country I chose ten cities, which I would like to visit. I will use Travel Salesman Problem to decide the best route inside each country according to three criteria: Cost, Minutes and Transport. There is also a possibility to choose the type of transport: train or combination of train and airplane. Also I will use Weighted goal programming and Chebyshev goal programming to optimize all criteria simultaneously. In the end I will use multiple -- criteria decision analysis to compare results. According to three methods (ORESTE, ELECTRE III, TOPSIS) I will choose one of the states for my vacation. I will make all calculation in program MPL and in Excel using solver SANNA.

The aim of the thesis is to select a suitable heat source for a residential building using simulation modeling and multiple-criteria decision analysis. The market is offering plenty of possibilities, thus the part of this thesis is dedicated to description of main characteristics and pros and cons of most common heat sources (e.g. coal, biomass, natural gas, electricity, heat pumps). There are many ways to decide which source is an optimal solution for a house. In this thesis, there are presented four possible approaches: decision based on the analysis of the total costs of the source and the methods WSA, TOPSIS and ELECTRE III. In the end, the results of these methods are summarized together with the qualitative factors which are also considered in the decision making process.