The aim of this work is analysis of Honda's position at the Czech market of motorcycles based on preferences of men and women. The motorcycles are divided into different groups by engine volume in cubic centimetres and by categories in which motorcycles are included. In this analysis are used methods Electre III, Oreste, Topsis, WSA and calculations are performed by program packages SANNA. At the conclusion, Honda's position in all categories is summarized.

Photovoltaic (PV) solar electricity generation has the potential to reduce the demand for more traditional fossil and nuclear power generation. Community PV solar installations allow energy users to share the electricity generated by these plants. Optimal siting of community solar installations will allow for maximum electricity generation while avoiding environmental conflicts, as well as, minimizing construction costs. This study identifies opportunities for community solar plants in Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona, of ¼-acre in size. Input parameters fall into economic, physical, and environmental categories. Each of the input parameters were classified from 1 (not suitable) to 9 (highly suitable). Next, the classified rasters in each category were weighed according to importance, and Esri’s Weighted Sum tool was used to generate a combined raster for the category. The three resulting environmental, economic, and physical characteristic rasters were weighed again, and the Weighted Sum tool was used to generate a raster of community solar suitability scores. Next, a mask of locations inappropriate for community-scale solar development was created, including lakes, rivers, streams, and residential rooftops, which are too small to accommodate ¼-acre community solar installations. The masked areas were removed from the suitability raster, and the suitability raster was reclassified using standard deviations to generate a preference map with values ranging from 1 (low preference) to 3 (high preference). The model output reveals 68 percent of the study area is of medium or high preference for community solar installations. Maricopa and Pinal counties provide many opportunities for community solar installations.

Job seekers have often made job choices based upon the degree to which they fit the tasks requirements of the job. This concept is referred to as person-job (P-J) fit. In addition, research has suggested that job seekers self-select organizations to work for based upon the perceived fit between themselves and the organization. This concept is referred to as person-organization (P-O) fit.

The planning and implementation of effective water resources management strategies need an assessment of multiple (physical, environmental, and socio-economic) issues, and often requires new research in which knowledge of diverse disciplines are combined in a unified methodological and operational framework. Such integrative research to link different knowledge domains faces several practical challenges. The complexities are further compounded by multiple actors frequently with conflicting interests and multiple uncertainties about the consequences of potential management decisions. This thesis aims to overcome some of these challenges, and to demonstrate how new modeling approaches can provide successful integrative water resources research. It focuses on the development of new integrated modeling approaches which allow integration of not only physical processes but also socio-economic and environmental issues and uncertainties inherent in water resources systems. To achieve this goal, two new approaches are developed in this thesis. At first, a Bayesian network (BN)-based decision support tool is developed to conceptualize hydrological and socio-economic interaction for supporting management decisions of coupled groundwater-agricultural systems. The method demonstrates the value of combining different commonly used integrated modeling approaches. Coupled component models are applied to simulate the nonlinearity and feedbacks of strongly interacting groundwater-agricultural hydrosystems. Afterwards, a BN is used to integrate the coupled component model results with empirical knowledge and stakeholder inputs. In the second part of this thesis, a fuzzy-stochastic multiple criteria decision analysis tool is developed to systematically quantify both probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainties associated with complex hydrosystems management. It integrates physical process-based models, fuzzy logic, expert involvement and stochastic simulation within a general framework. Subsequently, the proposed new approaches are applied to a water-scarce coastal arid region water management problem in northern Oman, where saltwater intrusion into a coastal aquifer due to excessive groundwater extraction for irrigated agriculture has affected the aquifer sustainability, endangering associated socio-economic conditions as well as traditional social structures. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The first method can aid in the impact assessment of alternative management interventions on sustainability of aquifer systems while accounting for economic (agriculture) and societal interests (employment in agricultural sector) in the study area. Results from the second method have provided key decision alternatives which can serve as a platform for negotiation and further exploration. In addition, this approach suits to systematically quantify both probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainties associated with the decision problem. The new approaches can be applied to address the complexities and uncertainties inherent in water resource systems to support management decisions, while serving as a platform for stakeholder participation.

The objective of this research is to establish consistency thresholds linked to alpha (α) levels for HDM’s (Hierarchical Decision Model) judgment quantification method. Measuring consistency in order to control it is a crucial and inseparable part of any AHP/HDM experiment. The researchers on the subject recommend establishing thresholds that are statistically based on hypothesis testing, and are linked to the number of decision variables and (α) level. Such thresholds provide the means with which to evaluate the soundness and validity of an AHP/HDM decision. The linkage of thresholds to (α) levels allows the decision makers to set an appropriate inconsistency tolerance compatible with the situation at hand. The measurements of judgments are unreliable in the absence of an inconsistency measure that includes acceptable limits. All of this is essential to the credibility of the entire decision making process and hence is extremely useful for practitioners and researchers alike. This research includes distribution fitting for the inconsistencies. It is a valuable and interesting part of the research results and adds usefulness, practicality and insight. The superb fits obtained give confidence that all the statistical inferences based on the fitted distributions accurately reflect the HDM’s inconsistency measure.

Yes / Food loss is one of the significant threats to sustainable development. Although various studies investigating food loss drivers disclosed that logistics is a significant reason for food loss, logistics-related food loss drivers have not been thoroughly studied. Thus, this paper aims to identify, classify and rank the logistics-related food loss drivers, having more influence on the amount of food loss in the fruit and vegetable supply chain, with the help of a mixed-method approach. First, a literature review was conducted to identify potential logistics-related food loss drivers. A total of 49 articles were analyzed. Second, 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with industry experts to finalize the drivers. Third, the analytical hierarchy process was employed to rank the drivers having more influence on the amount of food loss. Five main drivers and nineteen sub-drivers were identified at the end of the literature review and interview process. Categorization of main drivers is based on the logistics activities. According to results, warehousing-related drivers and transportation-related drivers are the two most influential drivers on the amount of food loss, while lack of coordination and improper packaging material are the two most influential sub-drivers. Following the ranking of drivers and sub-drivers, mitigation strategies to diminish food loss are also discussed. The findings of this study are intended to guide fruit and vegetable supply chain actors in tackling food loss.

專家系統自1965年發展至今，其發展是與日遽增，在邁入二十一世紀這個新紀元，傳統的專家系統遭遇到不同以往的問題，不僅處理的問題複雜度提高之外，在建置系統的過程中需要更多專家提供其寶貴的意見，以期讓系統在處理問題的層面能更加寬廣及增進其彈性和效用。因此，多專家系統能夠解決傳統上單一專家先天上的限制。Gaines和Shaw於1989年在其論著中指出，利用一群專家的知識來發展專家系統其效益比單一專家來的更好。 然而，在多專家的專家系統中會產生案例選取的衝突，過去大都依賴人為的經驗法則判斷。如此一來，不僅在處理的時間成本上產生耗損，其選取案例的公信力亦容易令人產生存疑。此外在相關的研究上，絕大多數都未對於此一衝突提出另外一套較具公正性的解決辦法。 針對此一現象，本研究發現欲解決其中之案例衝突，可以藉由群體決策和多評準決策領域中尋求解決之辦法，透過本研究一連串的文獻蒐集與探討，得到Nemawashi決策模式可以加以導入應用，因此，本研究嘗試引用案例式推論（Case-Base Reasoning）、Nemawashi 決策模式，提出一個整合多專家的意見和解決其案例產生衝突的方法。 / Expert system has been in speeding development since 1965. With the advent of the 21st century, the traditional expert system is encountering problems different from the past. With the rising complexity of nowadays problems, it requires valuable opinions from more professionals in the construction of expert system. The multi-expert knowledge can not only broaden the scope in which the system handles problems, but also enhance the system’s flexibility and efficiency. Thus, multi-expert system outsmarts the conventional expert system which is restricted by the voice of a single expert. Gaines and Shaw in 1989 commented that the expert system was better quipped with a group of experts than with one single expert. Nevertheless, multi-expert system contains the problem of case conflict. To undermine the conflict, it is common for people to resort to experts’ judgments and their personal experiences. Consequently, the multi-expert system has the disadvantage of consuming time in the process of case selection. Moreover, the case selected out of this process may be unconvincing due to its overdependence on human decisions. As to the problem of case conflict, most of the researches related to multi-expert system do not propose other more objective solutions. Focus on the problem mentioned above, this study tends to solve case conflict through the use of Group Decision and Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM). After the collection and analysis of data, the study finds out that Nemawashi Decisions are effective in handling the problem of case conflict. Thus, this study attempts to apply Nemawashi Decisions in Case-Base Reasoning in order to combine opinions from different experts and to solve the case conflict in the multi-expert system.

In developing natural resources, decision makers are seeking to achieve different objectives, which cannot be reduced to a single objective such as economic efficiency, this covers only part of the problem. Tradeoffs between multiple objective of unequal importance is unavoidable in the process of selection or ranking of alternative developmental projects or plans. Multiobjective technique has the ability to deal with qualitative and quantitative objectives, also it enhances the planning process by involving broader segments of the society in the process of decision making. Compromise programming (CP) and utility worth analysis (UWA), two multiobjective methods were applied on Zarqa River Basin Project (ZRBP) in Jordan. Their appropriateness and suitability as decision aiding tools was examined in this study. For the purpose of the study, five criteria were developed to serve as a basis for the evaluation and 61 farmers and 15 technicians, planners and decision makers were interviewed. High consistency was observed among the results of ranking the six alternatives when both methods were applied, at the same time the ranking of the alternatives according to benefit/cost ratio and the internal rates of return as economic efficiency measures showed no agreement with the multiobjective ranking.

Decision making study has been the multi-disciplinary research involving operations researchers, management scientists, statisticians, mathematical psychologists and economists as well as others. This study aims to investigate the theory and methodology of decision making research and apply them to different contexts in real cases. The study has reviewed the literature of Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach, Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) movement, Social Judgment Theory (SJT), and Adaptive Toolbox (AT) program. On the basis of these literatures, two methods, Evidence-based Trade-Off (EBTO) and Judgment Analysis with Heuristic Modelling (JA-HM), have been proposed and developed to accomplish decision making problems under different conditions. In the EBTO method, we propose a novel framework to aid people s decision making under uncertainty and imprecise goal. Under the framework, the imprecise goal is objectively modelled through an analytical structure, and is independent of the task requirement; the task requirement is specified by the trade-off strategy among criteria of the analytical structure through an importance weighting process, and is subject to the requirement change of a particular decision making task; the evidence available, that could contribute to the evaluation of general performance of the decision alternatives, are formulated with belief structures which are capable of capturing various format of uncertainties that arise from the absence of data, incomplete information and subjective judgments. The EBTO method was further applied in a case study of Soldier system decision making. The application has demonstrated that EBTO, as a tool, is able to provide a holistic analysis regarding the requirements of Soldier missions, the physical conditions of Soldiers, and the capability of their equipment and weapon systems, which is critical in domain. By drawing the cross-disciplinary literature from NDM and AT, the JA-HM extended the traditional Judgment Analysis (JA) method, through a number of novel methodological procedures, to account for the unique features of decision making tasks under extreme time pressure and dynamic shifting situations. These novel methodological procedures include, the notion of decision point to deconstruct the dynamic shifting situations in a way that decision problem could be identified and formulated; the classification of routine and non-routine problems, and associated data alignment process to enable meaningful decision data analysis across different decision makers (DMs); the notion of composite cue to account for the DMs iterative process of information perception and comprehension in dynamic task environment; the application of computational models of heuristics to account for the time constraints and process dynamics of DMs decision making process; and the application of cross-validation process to enable the methodological principle of competitive testing of decision models. The JA-HM was further applied in a case study of fire emergency decision making. The application has been the first behavioural test of the validity of the computational models of heuristics, in predicting the DMs decision making during fire emergency response. It has also been the first behavioural test of the validity of the non-compensatory heuristics in predicting the DMs decisions on ranking task. The findings identified extend the literature of AT and NDM, and have implications for the fire emergency decision making.

O processo de tomada de decisão que envolve a priorização e a seleção de projetos de investimentos na indústria do petróleo está longe de ser uma tarefa trivial. Ao mesmo tempo em que a empresa deve buscar relações favoráveis entre risco e retorno econômico-financeiro também deve se alinhar cada vez mais aos princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável em seus negócios. Em se tratando do caso da indústria petrolífera brasileira, formada essencialmente por um monopólio estatal, esta tarefa se torna ainda mais difícil, já que uma série de interesses públicos relacionados ao investimento também devem ser considerados. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de um modelo original de análise usando múltiplos critérios que auxiliasse na priorização e na seleção de projetos de investimentos nas refinarias de petróleo brasileiras. Utilizou-se uma metodologia de pesquisa quantitativa com o uso de diversos artefatos de matemática aplicada capazes de lidar adequadamente com as avaliações muitas vezes incompletas e subjetivas que caracterizam o problema da análise de investimentos em refinarias de petróleo. Ao final do trabalho, conseguiu-se obter um modelo suficientemente simples, ao ponto de ser facilmente implementado em uma planilha eletrônica, robusto, ao ser capaz de lidar de maneira bastante adequada com as principais peculiaridades que envolvem o setor do refino de petróleo no Brasil e flexível, de maneira que os critérios de análise e as alternativas de decisão pudessem ser facilmente adicionados, removidos ou alterados de acordo com as necessidades específicas exigidas para cada caso. / The decision-making process involving the prioritization and selection of investment projects in the oil industry is far from being a trivial task. At the same time that the company must seek for a favorable relationship between risk and economic-financial return it must also be more and more aligned to the principles of sustainable development in their business. Regarding to the case of the Brazilian oil industry, essentially formed by a state monopoly, this task becomes even more difficult, since a number of public interests related to investment should also be considered. Thus, the main objective of this research was the development and application of an original analysis model using multiple criteria that help in the prioritization and selection of investment projects on the Brazilian oil refineries. We used a quantitative research methodology using various applied mathematical tools capable of dealing properly with often incomplete and subjective valuations of investment analysis in oil refineries. At the end, it was possible to obtain a sufficiently simple model, that could be easily implemented in a spreadsheet, robust, to deal in a properly way with the main peculiarities involving the oil refining sector in Brazil and sufficiently flexible so that the criteria for analysis and decision alternatives could be easily added, removed or modified in accordance with the specific needs required for each case.