In this thesis, we evaluate the performance of multi-user detectors over an uplink using AWGN, Rayleigh flat fading single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel models. First, we review the performance of three multiuser receivers; the decorrelator, the MMSE receiver and the multistage parallel interference cancellation receiver in an AWGN and Rayleigh flat fading SISO channel. Next, the V-BLAST algorithm is reviewed and the error propagation of this algorithm is investigated. Then, the V-BLAST algorithm is combined with multiuser receivers to achieve high channel capacity while sharing the spectral resources over a MIMO channel. A bias reduction technique is considered for multistage parallel interference cancellation receiver on both SISO and MIMO channel. Finally, the effect of channel estimation error and timing delay estimation error is evaluated for MIMO systems with multiple users. / Master of Science

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A review of adaptive decorrelating detector techniques for direct-sequence code division multiple access (CDMA) signals is given. The goal is to improve CDMA system performance and capacity by reducing interference between users. The techniques considered are implementations of multiuser receivers, for which background material is given. Adaptive algorithms improve the feasibility of such receivers. An adaptive multiuser receiver for CDMA system has been proposed to increase system capacity. The adaptive decorrelator can be used to eliminate interference from known interferers, though it is prone to noise enhancement. However the receiver is basically designed for synchronous CDMA over AWGN channels. In order to confirm the robustness of the receiver for the asynchronous cases, experimental evaluations are displayed when the relative user delays are small compared to the symbol duration and when the channel is Rayleigh multipath fading as in micro-cellular scenarios. In addition to the efficient implementation of the decorrelating detector of [1], the receiver also can be adapted to incorporate decision feedback. Successive interference cancellation techniques reduce interference by cancellation of one detected signal from another. And an efficient incorporation of decorrelator with RAKE and (DF) decision feedback receiver for frequency-selective Rayleigh fading multipath channels is also proposed. Performance evaluation of the detector via computer simulation scenarios is conducted to substantiate it's potential for real-time operation.

The communications industry is experiencing an explosion in the demand for personal communications services (PCS). Several digital technologies have been proposed to replace overburdened analog systems. One system that has gained increasing popularity in North America is a 1.25 MHz Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system (IS-95). In CDMA systems, multiple access interference limits the capacity of any system using conventional single user correlation or matched filter receivers. Previous research has shown that multiuser detection receivers that employ interference cancellation techniques can significantly improve the capacity of a CDMA system. This thesis studies two such structures: the successive interference cancellation scheme and the parallel interference cancellation scheme. These multiuser receivers are integrated into an IS-95 compatible receiver model which is simulated in software. This thesis develops simulation software that simulates IS-95 with conventional and multiuser receivers in multipath channels and when near-far conditions exist. Simulation results present the robustness of multiuser receivers to near-far in a practical system. In addition to multiuser implemenations, quantization effects from finite bit analog to digital converters (ADC) in CDMA systems will also be simulated. / Master of Science

Research efforts have shown that capacity in a DS/CDMA cellular system can be increased through the use of digital signal processing techniques that exploit the nature of the multiple access interference (MAI). By jointly demodulating the users in the system, this interference can be characterized and reduced thus decreasing the overall probability of error in the system. Numerous multiuser structures exist, each with varying degrees of complexity and performance. However, the size and complexity of these structures is large relative to a conventional receiver. This effort demonstrates a practical approach to implementing parallel interference cancellation applied to DBPSK DS/CDMA on an FPGA-based configurable computing platform. The system presented acquires, tracks, cancels, and demodulates four users independently and performs various levels of interference cancellation. The performance gain of the receiver in a four-user environment under various levels of noise and cancellation are presented. / Master of Science

In this thesis, multiuser receivers for code division multiple-access (CDMA) downlink are studied under frequency selective fading channel conditions. The receivers investigated in this thesis attempt to estimate desired symbol as a linear combination of chip-rate sampled received signal sequence. A common matrix-vector representation of signals, which is similar to the model given by Paulraj et. al. is constructed in order to analyze the receivers studied in this thesis. Two receivers already well known in the literature are introduced and derived by using the common signal model. One of the receivers uses traditional matched filter and the other uses symbol-level linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation. The receiver that uses traditional matched filter, also known as the conventional RAKE receiver, benefits from time diversity by combining the signal energy from multiple paths. The conventional RAKE receiver is optimal when multiple-access interference (MAI) is absent. Linear MMSE based receivers are known to suppress MAI and to be more robust to noise enhancement. The optimal symbol-level linear MMSE based receiver requires inversion of large matrices whose size is determined by either number of active users or spreading factor. These two parameters can be quite large in many practical systems and hence the computational load of this receiver can be a problem. In this thesis, two alternative low-complexity receivers, which are chip-level linear MMSE equalizer proposed by Krauss et. al. and interference-suppressing RAKE receiver proposed by Paulraj et. al., are compared with the linear full-rank MMSE based receiver and with the conventional RAKE receiver in terms of bit-error-rate performance. Various simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the receivers and the parameters affecting the receiver performance are investigated.