Viruses may invade animals, plants, or bacteria, and are considered obligate parasites because they lack a complete enzyme system of their own. Reproduction occurs when the virus entity makes use of a cell's synthetic machinery to direct the synthesis of specialized particles, the virions, and transfers them to other cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate and develop methods to isolate viruses chicken embryos and bacteriophage.Viruses were concentrated from water sources following procedures outlined by Berg (1971) using standard Millipore filtering units. Virus suspensions were eluted with a beef extract solution and then inoculated into the three host systems. Growth was determined by the presence of cytopathic effects on the agar overlay or in the chicken on the chorioallantoic membrane.Cytopathic effects occurred in tissue cultures following inoculation with water samples from two sites on two consecutive sampling dates. Virus recovery in chicken embryos was 45.5% when cytopathic effects and death rates were analyses were combined. When bacteria were employed, viruses were recovered in 42.8% of samples tested.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The project had two primary goals. The first was to study the photographs of William Arthur Swift, a commercial photographer who lived and worked in Muncie during the 1920s and early 1930s. An exhibition of his work was held at the Ball State University Art Gallery in 1984 and raised two issues which this project addressed.One question concerned the photographic equipment used by Swift. By examining his negatives, studying literature, and interviewing people who knew Swift, the models used by the photographer. This was then compared to equipment used by photographers today.Another issue concerned the current status of the subjects Swift photographed. Upon examining his work it was discovered that some of the subjects still exist. Many others do not, yet they have modern day counterparts. The second goal of the project was to conduct an historical update to compare a selection of Swift's subjects historical information about Munciechanges that have occurred.It was concluded that historical photographs serve as it showed the to the present. The modern photographs were then displayed alongside Swift's photographs. A comparison revealedas useful educational tools. They may also be considered entertaining. The recommendation was made that photographic work of this nature be continued since it will provide an informative view of this time period to future viewers.

Orthophosphate removal from wastewater in a subsurface-flow constructed wetland (SFCW) was studied during the fall of 1995. The SFCW consisted of a cell with an impervious liner, filled with 1.27 to 3.81 cm river rock and planted with common reeds (Phragmites australis) and soft-stem bulrushes (Scirpus validus). Municipal wastewater was pumped through the wetland and comparisons were made between inlet and outlet orthophosphate concentrations. Comparisons were also made at locations within the cell. A mean orthophosphate reduction of 62% with a range of 91% to 32% was observed for the duration of the study. An ANOVA test showed a significant reduction of orthophosphate in the wetland cell during the study. A regression analysis indicated that inlet wastewater temperatures played a significant role in orthophosphate removal, while outlet wastewater and ambient air temperature were not a significant factor.Keywords: Subsurface-Flow Constructed Wetlands, Orthophosphate, Municipal Wastewater, Water Chemistry, Nutrients. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

The purpose of the study was to examine the status of and perceived barriers to physical activity of Ball State University students. Using a cross-sectional survey design, participants (N = 858) completed a self-report, 27-item questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses.The results indicated that the participants of this study have exceeded the Healthy People 2010 physical activity objectives for leisure-time physical activity and vigorous physical activity as well as the Health Campus 2010 objective for moderate and vigorous physical activity combined. Commonly reported barriers to physical activity were other priorities, lack of time, too tired, the weather, and other barriers. Being male, living in university housing, being an athlete, and being enrolled in a health-related academic major were all positively associated with participants' vigorous physical activity. Being female, living in university housing, commuting to Muncie, and being a full-time student were all positively associated with participants' increased barriers to physical activity. / Department of Physiology and Health Science

This is an auto-ethnographic study of international students at Ball State University, a medium-sized, state-supported institution in the Midwestern United States. I drew on my own personal experience, in-depth interviews with fifteen other international students, and participant observations carried out over a period of one year to understand how international students experienced life at this university. I used Social Identity Theory and the Rejection-Identification Model to explain why international students formed a tight-knit community, despite coming from a wide array of cultural backgrounds. Participants’ narratives illustrated international students’ experiences of rejection by American students, faculty, and staff; their feelings of devaluation, expressed as self-doubt and a tendency to overreact to life pressures; and the existence of a strong international student minority group identity. In view of the University’s strategic goal to substantially increase international enrollments, I offer recommendations on how this institution can promote a more welcoming, multicultural campus environment. / Department of Communication Studies

This creative project details the process involved in the creation of the Ball State Jazz Media Archive. This archive will contain oral histories collected from individuals involved with the Ball State jazz program, photographs that are otherwise unavailable for study and other historical materials relevant to jazz at Ball State University. The historical significance and academic uses of such an archive have been described as well as a thorough overview of other major jazz media archives in the United States and other academic projects involving oral history. This project also includes the plans for future collection and population of the archive through the efforts of Sigma Alpha Iota, an international fraternity for women in music. / Department of Telecommunications

There is no abstract available for this thesis.

Higher Sites has been designed as a fully functioning business. The appendix of this creative project paper includes Higher Sites' full business plan. The business plan includes projected revenue and profit for the next three years.Higher Sites 101 is a two-part DVD set designed to familiarize new Higher Sites employees with the company. Disc I explains the services that Higher Sites offers to adoptive parents. It also walks the viewer through the process of creating adoption videos using the Higher Sites method. Example videos are included. Disc II is a data DVD that includes full-screen QuickTime movies. The movies demonstrate to the viewer how to perform specific tasks in Final Cut Pro, iDVD and DVD Studio Pro. It is necessary for the viewer to watch these QuickTime movies on a monitor that is 21 inches or larger. / Department of Telecommunications

This creative project is a proposed sailing program for Ball State University. Included is a preliminary investigation of the need and feasibility of introducing this course offering. There are, in addition, recommendations for instituting a sailing program. These were based upon current practices within established college programs, a review of the literature, and the writer's background in sailing.The proposal includes recommendations which are appropriate to the local situation. The factors relative to establishing a sailing program are class arrangements, equipment, facilities, transportation, course outline, instructor preparation, administration, and estimated cost. The suggested program is intended to be both realistic and practical.

The purpose of this research was to investigate career development of gifted and regular elementary school students. Students in grades four through six from a university laboratory school were examined by ability, grade level, and gender in several areas of interests, using the Holland (1985a) Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments.The Self-Directed Search - Form E (SDS-E; Holland, 1985b) and The Occupational Alternatives Questions (OAQ; Slaney, 1980) were administered to 148 students, 34 of which had been identified as gifted. Holland (1985b) SDS codes were assigned to the SDS obtained scores and the stated occupational choices. Prestige of occupational choices were also assigned, using the socioeconomic index of Stevens and Cho (1985).Demographic variables and hypotheses were tested by MANOVA and ANOVA statistical procedures to determine the nature of relationships between variables.Results indicated overall significant main effects in the MANOVA of obtained SDS codes for the independent variables of grade, sex, and ability. Males scored higher than females on the Realistic code. Females scored higher on the Artistic and Social codes. Gifted students scored higher on the Investigative code. On the ANOVA of the differential variable, there were significant differences by grade and sex, with fifth grade students and females more highly differentiated. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services