Municipal solid waste (MSW) in Vietnam has been increasing quickly and became one of the most considered environmental problems in Mekong Delta (MD) region covering 13 provinces and municipalities in the south of Vietnam. With a considerably large amount of MSW, the region produces about 5% of the total amount of MSW of the country. The collection rate of solid waste is about quite high (65 - 72%) in the cities and rather low (about 40 - 55%) in the rural areas, with a high content in organic matter (about 60 - 85%). The climate of MD can be characterized as tropical and monsoonal with a high rate of humidity and a strong impact of flooding. Like other regions too, the MSW collection and treatment system is still underdeveloped and rudimentary, with disposal sites being the sole dumping method of the unsorted MSW remaining untreated by any mechanical and biological pre-treatment steps. Within this paper, the current treatment, management and operation of MSW systems are introduced, as well as the identification of advantages and disadvantages, environmental impacts, potential risks of the MSW system within the impact of global climate change. The situation of MSW treatment and management is correlated with the climate change impact and the integrated solid waste management is introduced as a new approach for adapting the environmental protection awareness by considering the climate change for the longterm sustainable development orientation. / Sự gia tăng chất thải rắn ở các đô thị Việt Nam ngày càng nhanh và chất thải rắn đang là một trong những vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm hàng đầu. Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL) nơi có đến 13 tỉnh và thành phố nằm ở phía Nam Việt Nam. Với lượng chất thải không nhỏ, chiếm khoảng 5 % tổng lượng chất thải rắn sinh hoạt của quốc gia. Tỷ lệ thu gom chất thải rắn thấp, chiếm khoảng 65 - 72 % ở thành thị, tỷ lệ này ở nông thôn thấp 40 - 55%, chất thải có hàm lượng hữu cơ cao chiếm khoảng 60 - 85%. Khí hậu nhiệt đới gió mùa với độ ẩm không khí cao và chịu ảnh hưởng lớn của lũ lụt hàng năm. Cũng như các khu vực khác, hệ thống thu gom và xử lý rác thải ở khu vực ĐBSCL còn rất thô sơ và lạc hậu, bãi rác là nơi duy nhất tiếp nhận trực tiếp hổnhợp rác thải không phân loại và qua bất kỳ công đoạn tiền xử lý nào. Trong phạm vi bài viết này, chúng tôi giới thiệu hoạt động vận hành hệ thống quản lý và xử lý rác đô thị trong khu vực đồng thời phân tích các thuận lợi và bất lợi, cũng như các tác động môi trường, những rủi ro tiềm ẩn trong điều kiện ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu toàn cầu - khu vực ĐBSCL là nơi chịu ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất. Tình hình quản lý và xử lý rác được cân nhắc trong điều kiện tác động của biến đổi khí hậu, đồng thời quản lý tổng hợp rác thải cũng được đề xuất như một các tiếp cận mới nhằm đáp ứng nhiệm vụ bảo vệ môi trường trong điều kiện biến đổi khí hậu theo định hướng phát triển bền vững lâu dài.

Incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) is common for energy recovery, and management of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes has received a growing attention around the world. In the U.S., generation of MSW has increased up to 65% since 1980, to the current level of 251 million tons per year with 53.8% landfilled, 34.5% recycled and composted, and 11.7% incinerated with energy recovery. In the process of incineration, MSWI ash is being produced as byproducts; about 80 to 90% of the MSWI ash is bottom ash (BA) and 10 to 20% is fly ash (FA) by weight. The current practice of the U.S. is to combine both BA and FA to meet the criteria to qualify as non-hazardous, and all combined ashes are disposed in landfills. European countries have utilized MSWI BA as beneficial construction materials by separating it from FA. The FA is mostly limited to landfill disposal as hazardous material due to its high content of toxic elements and salts. BA has been actively recycled in the areas of roadbed, asphalt paving, and concrete products in many of European and Asian countries. In those countries, recycling programs (including required physical properties and environmental criteria) of ash residue management have been developed so as to encourage and enforce the reuse of MSWI ashes instead of landfill disposal. Moreover, many studies have demonstrated the beneficial use of MSWI ashes as engineering materials with minimum environmental impacts. On the other hand, the U.S. has shown a lack of consistent and effective management plans, as well as environmental regulations for the use of MSWI ashes., Due to persistent uncertainty of engineering properties and inconsistency in the Federal and State regulations in the U.S., however, the recycling of the MSWI ashes has been hindered and they are mostly disposed in landfills. In this research work, current management practice, existing regulations, and environmental consequences of MSWI ashes utilization are comprehensively reviewed worldwide and nationwide with an emphasis of the potential area of its utilization in asphalt paving and concrete product. This research also entails a detailed chemical and microstructural characterization of MSWI BA and FA produced from a Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility in Florida so that the MSWI ash is well characterized for its beneficial uses as construction materials. The material characterization includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. In addition, leaching experiments have been conducted to investigate the environmental properties (e.g. leachate concentration) of BA and ash-mixed hot mix asphalt (HMA) and Portland cement concrete (PCC). Leaching results reveals the reduced leaching potential of toxic material from MSWI ashes while incorporated in HMA and PCC. Lastly, a preliminary experimental approach has been devised for the vitrification of FA which is a promising thermal process of transferring material into glassy state with higher physical and chemical integrity to reduce toxicity so that utilization of FA can be possible.

No description available.

No description available.

Lack of genuine concern for solid waste management practices and inefficiency of sol-id waste management system is one of the greatest environmental issues in Addis Ab-aba, Ethiopia. The Current Municipal Solid Waste Management System is extremely inefficient and ineffective. An illegal waste dumping, inefficient waste collection, and informal recycling are some of the issues that need to be immediately rectified. There-fore, this study was conducted in order to get a knowledge transfer from a developed country, Sweden, Östersund Municipality. The practical waste management and recy-cling activities undertaking in the city of Östersund have been assessed, evaluated and discussed in the study. Physical site visits, surveys, informal interviews, and group dis-cussions have also been conducted to be able to draw an immensely useful and tangi-ble recommendation for the improvement of Solid Waste Management and Recycling Scheme in Addis Ababa. Based on the experience acquired from Östersund the entire Solid Waste Management system in Addis Ababa has been evaluated and useful dis-cussions, recommendations, and conclusions have been drawn. Besides as recycling is one of the most significant waste management hierarchy components, it should have been given top priority in reducing the amount of waste generation in developing countries like Ethiopia. However, the recycling activities taking place in the country are highly limited and informal. Moreover, evaluation of the potential of recyclable wastes in Addis Ababa, discussion on how and why recycling needs to be given prece-dence and later comparison is made with Östersund Municipality in order to be able to gain knowledge from the Swedish experience. Besides, discussions were made in order to address decisive measures that need to be taken to implement the Swedish experience in the Solid Waste Management and Recycling sector in Addis Ababa Ethiopia in an environmentally friendly and economical way.

Um dos principais problemas enfrentados atualmente pelo Poder Público e pela sociedade é a destinação adequada de resíduos sólidos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) implantada no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a existência de melhorias após a promulgação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Este trabalho ainda apresenta o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos no Brasil e na Europa, as formas de tratamento e disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, os tipos de tratamento de lixiviados existentes, identifica alternativa de reuso do lixiviado após tratamento, analisa os tratamentos de lixiviado utilizados em Aterros Sanitários localizados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e em Portugal, o cumprimento das metas estipuladas para RSU nos Planos de Resíduos Sólidos e identifica e compara a legislação existente em Portugal e no Brasil que regulamenta a instalação e operação dos Aterros Sanitários. Para a elaboração foram analisados dados de destinação de RSU no Brasil, com especial ênfase ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e em Portugal. Através dos dados obtidos verifica-se que houve melhorias na destinação final dos RSU no Brasil após a homologação da PNRS, por exemplo houve um aumento de 138% de municípios que implantaram a coleta seletiva após a PNRS. Verificou-se que a forma mais utilizada de destinação final dos RSU no país é por meio de aterro sanitário, porém havendo ainda disposição inadequada por meio de aterros controlados e lixões. No RS em 2015, observou-se que houve uma redução na disposição final adequada em comparação ao ano de 2014, devido à má operação dos aterros sanitários, porém foi atingida a Meta 1 do Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PLANARES), uma vez que em 2015 não havia lixões em operação no RS. Foi possível observar que no RS a maioria das áreas classificadas como inadequadas são administradas pelos próprios municípios, isto se dá devido à falta de recurso financeiro para gerenciar e operar um aterro sanitário. Com relação ao tratamento de lixiviado gerado nos aterros sanitários do RS, verificou-se que estes não possuem implantado um sistema eficaz e acredita-se que somente um tratamento combinado, apresentando tratamento avançado, seja a forma mais adequada para tratar este efluente, devido à grande variabilidade de características e complexidade do lixiviado. Fazendo uma comparação da legislação referente à gestão de resíduos no Brasil e em Portugal, observa-se que em 1996 foi aprovado o Plano Estratégico Setorial dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (PERSU) em Portugal, que promoveu uma grande alteração na gestão de RSU, havendo grandes investimentos em infraestrutura visando atender as metas do PERSU. Já no Brasil somente em 2010 foi proposta esta alteração por meio da PNRS, e é possível observar que não houve o atendimento das metas estipuladas nos Planos Nacionais e Estadual, no caso do RS, devido à falta de conscientização do Poder Público e investimentos nesta área, de forma a promover uma destinação final adequada para os RSU gerados no país. / One of the main problems currently faced by the Government and the society is the appropriate destination of solid waste. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) introduced in Rio Grande do Sul and to verify possible improvements achieved after the promulgation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP). This paper also describes the management of solid waste in Brazil and Europe, the way of treatment and final disposal of municipal solid waste, the existing leachate treatment process, identifies leachate reuse alternatives, analyzes the leachate treatment operations used in landfills located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and in Portugal, the achievement of goal set for MSW in Solid Waste Plans and identifies and compares the legislation existing in Portugal and Brazil which regulates the installation and operation of Landfills. For the work accomplishment, data of the MSW disposal in Brazil, with special emphasis on the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and Portugal were analyzed. Through the data obtained it appears that there were improvements in the final disposal of MSW in Brazil after the approval of NSWP, for example an increase of 138% of municipalities that have implemented selective collection after NSWP. It was found that the most used form of final disposal of MSW in the country is through landfill, but there is still inadequate disposal in controlled landfills and dumps. In RS in 2015, it was observed that there was a reduction in the number of adequate final disposal sites, compared to 2014, due to wrong operation of landfills. Nevertheless, Goal 1 of the National Plan of the Solid Waste (NPSW) was achieved, since in 2015 there was no dumps operating in RS. It was observed that in RS most of the areas classified as inadequate are administered by the municipalities themselves. This, is due to lack of financial resources to manage and operate a landfill. Regarding the treatment of leachate generated in landfills of RS, it was found that these have not implemented an effective system and it is believed that only a combined treatment, with advanced treatment, will be the best way to treat this effluent due to the large variability of characteristics and complexity of the leachate. Making a comparison of the legislation on waste management in Brazil and in Portugal, it is observed that in 1996 the Sector Strategic Plan for Municipal Solid Waste (SSPMSW) was approved in Portugal, promoting a major change in the MSW management, with large investments in infrastructure to deal the goals of the SSPMSW. On the other hand, in Brazil only in 2010 this change was proposed by NSWP. It is possible to observe that goals set in the National and State Plans were not met, in the case of RS, due to lack of awareness of the government and investments in this area in order to promote an appropriate final destination for the MSW generated in the country.

Um dos principais problemas enfrentados atualmente pelo Poder Público e pela sociedade é a destinação adequada de resíduos sólidos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) implantada no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a existência de melhorias após a promulgação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Este trabalho ainda apresenta o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos no Brasil e na Europa, as formas de tratamento e disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, os tipos de tratamento de lixiviados existentes, identifica alternativa de reuso do lixiviado após tratamento, analisa os tratamentos de lixiviado utilizados em Aterros Sanitários localizados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e em Portugal, o cumprimento das metas estipuladas para RSU nos Planos de Resíduos Sólidos e identifica e compara a legislação existente em Portugal e no Brasil que regulamenta a instalação e operação dos Aterros Sanitários. Para a elaboração foram analisados dados de destinação de RSU no Brasil, com especial ênfase ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e em Portugal. Através dos dados obtidos verifica-se que houve melhorias na destinação final dos RSU no Brasil após a homologação da PNRS, por exemplo houve um aumento de 138% de municípios que implantaram a coleta seletiva após a PNRS. Verificou-se que a forma mais utilizada de destinação final dos RSU no país é por meio de aterro sanitário, porém havendo ainda disposição inadequada por meio de aterros controlados e lixões. No RS em 2015, observou-se que houve uma redução na disposição final adequada em comparação ao ano de 2014, devido à má operação dos aterros sanitários, porém foi atingida a Meta 1 do Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PLANARES), uma vez que em 2015 não havia lixões em operação no RS. Foi possível observar que no RS a maioria das áreas classificadas como inadequadas são administradas pelos próprios municípios, isto se dá devido à falta de recurso financeiro para gerenciar e operar um aterro sanitário. Com relação ao tratamento de lixiviado gerado nos aterros sanitários do RS, verificou-se que estes não possuem implantado um sistema eficaz e acredita-se que somente um tratamento combinado, apresentando tratamento avançado, seja a forma mais adequada para tratar este efluente, devido à grande variabilidade de características e complexidade do lixiviado. Fazendo uma comparação da legislação referente à gestão de resíduos no Brasil e em Portugal, observa-se que em 1996 foi aprovado o Plano Estratégico Setorial dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (PERSU) em Portugal, que promoveu uma grande alteração na gestão de RSU, havendo grandes investimentos em infraestrutura visando atender as metas do PERSU. Já no Brasil somente em 2010 foi proposta esta alteração por meio da PNRS, e é possível observar que não houve o atendimento das metas estipuladas nos Planos Nacionais e Estadual, no caso do RS, devido à falta de conscientização do Poder Público e investimentos nesta área, de forma a promover uma destinação final adequada para os RSU gerados no país. / One of the main problems currently faced by the Government and the society is the appropriate destination of solid waste. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) introduced in Rio Grande do Sul and to verify possible improvements achieved after the promulgation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP). This paper also describes the management of solid waste in Brazil and Europe, the way of treatment and final disposal of municipal solid waste, the existing leachate treatment process, identifies leachate reuse alternatives, analyzes the leachate treatment operations used in landfills located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and in Portugal, the achievement of goal set for MSW in Solid Waste Plans and identifies and compares the legislation existing in Portugal and Brazil which regulates the installation and operation of Landfills. For the work accomplishment, data of the MSW disposal in Brazil, with special emphasis on the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and Portugal were analyzed. Through the data obtained it appears that there were improvements in the final disposal of MSW in Brazil after the approval of NSWP, for example an increase of 138% of municipalities that have implemented selective collection after NSWP. It was found that the most used form of final disposal of MSW in the country is through landfill, but there is still inadequate disposal in controlled landfills and dumps. In RS in 2015, it was observed that there was a reduction in the number of adequate final disposal sites, compared to 2014, due to wrong operation of landfills. Nevertheless, Goal 1 of the National Plan of the Solid Waste (NPSW) was achieved, since in 2015 there was no dumps operating in RS. It was observed that in RS most of the areas classified as inadequate are administered by the municipalities themselves. This, is due to lack of financial resources to manage and operate a landfill. Regarding the treatment of leachate generated in landfills of RS, it was found that these have not implemented an effective system and it is believed that only a combined treatment, with advanced treatment, will be the best way to treat this effluent due to the large variability of characteristics and complexity of the leachate. Making a comparison of the legislation on waste management in Brazil and in Portugal, it is observed that in 1996 the Sector Strategic Plan for Municipal Solid Waste (SSPMSW) was approved in Portugal, promoting a major change in the MSW management, with large investments in infrastructure to deal the goals of the SSPMSW. On the other hand, in Brazil only in 2010 this change was proposed by NSWP. It is possible to observe that goals set in the National and State Plans were not met, in the case of RS, due to lack of awareness of the government and investments in this area in order to promote an appropriate final destination for the MSW generated in the country.

Um dos principais problemas enfrentados atualmente pelo Poder Público e pela sociedade é a destinação adequada de resíduos sólidos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é avaliar a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) implantada no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a existência de melhorias após a promulgação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Este trabalho ainda apresenta o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos no Brasil e na Europa, as formas de tratamento e disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, os tipos de tratamento de lixiviados existentes, identifica alternativa de reuso do lixiviado após tratamento, analisa os tratamentos de lixiviado utilizados em Aterros Sanitários localizados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e em Portugal, o cumprimento das metas estipuladas para RSU nos Planos de Resíduos Sólidos e identifica e compara a legislação existente em Portugal e no Brasil que regulamenta a instalação e operação dos Aterros Sanitários. Para a elaboração foram analisados dados de destinação de RSU no Brasil, com especial ênfase ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e em Portugal. Através dos dados obtidos verifica-se que houve melhorias na destinação final dos RSU no Brasil após a homologação da PNRS, por exemplo houve um aumento de 138% de municípios que implantaram a coleta seletiva após a PNRS. Verificou-se que a forma mais utilizada de destinação final dos RSU no país é por meio de aterro sanitário, porém havendo ainda disposição inadequada por meio de aterros controlados e lixões. No RS em 2015, observou-se que houve uma redução na disposição final adequada em comparação ao ano de 2014, devido à má operação dos aterros sanitários, porém foi atingida a Meta 1 do Plano Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PLANARES), uma vez que em 2015 não havia lixões em operação no RS. Foi possível observar que no RS a maioria das áreas classificadas como inadequadas são administradas pelos próprios municípios, isto se dá devido à falta de recurso financeiro para gerenciar e operar um aterro sanitário. Com relação ao tratamento de lixiviado gerado nos aterros sanitários do RS, verificou-se que estes não possuem implantado um sistema eficaz e acredita-se que somente um tratamento combinado, apresentando tratamento avançado, seja a forma mais adequada para tratar este efluente, devido à grande variabilidade de características e complexidade do lixiviado. Fazendo uma comparação da legislação referente à gestão de resíduos no Brasil e em Portugal, observa-se que em 1996 foi aprovado o Plano Estratégico Setorial dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (PERSU) em Portugal, que promoveu uma grande alteração na gestão de RSU, havendo grandes investimentos em infraestrutura visando atender as metas do PERSU. Já no Brasil somente em 2010 foi proposta esta alteração por meio da PNRS, e é possível observar que não houve o atendimento das metas estipuladas nos Planos Nacionais e Estadual, no caso do RS, devido à falta de conscientização do Poder Público e investimentos nesta área, de forma a promover uma destinação final adequada para os RSU gerados no país. / One of the main problems currently faced by the Government and the society is the appropriate destination of solid waste. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) introduced in Rio Grande do Sul and to verify possible improvements achieved after the promulgation of the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP). This paper also describes the management of solid waste in Brazil and Europe, the way of treatment and final disposal of municipal solid waste, the existing leachate treatment process, identifies leachate reuse alternatives, analyzes the leachate treatment operations used in landfills located in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and in Portugal, the achievement of goal set for MSW in Solid Waste Plans and identifies and compares the legislation existing in Portugal and Brazil which regulates the installation and operation of Landfills. For the work accomplishment, data of the MSW disposal in Brazil, with special emphasis on the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and Portugal were analyzed. Through the data obtained it appears that there were improvements in the final disposal of MSW in Brazil after the approval of NSWP, for example an increase of 138% of municipalities that have implemented selective collection after NSWP. It was found that the most used form of final disposal of MSW in the country is through landfill, but there is still inadequate disposal in controlled landfills and dumps. In RS in 2015, it was observed that there was a reduction in the number of adequate final disposal sites, compared to 2014, due to wrong operation of landfills. Nevertheless, Goal 1 of the National Plan of the Solid Waste (NPSW) was achieved, since in 2015 there was no dumps operating in RS. It was observed that in RS most of the areas classified as inadequate are administered by the municipalities themselves. This, is due to lack of financial resources to manage and operate a landfill. Regarding the treatment of leachate generated in landfills of RS, it was found that these have not implemented an effective system and it is believed that only a combined treatment, with advanced treatment, will be the best way to treat this effluent due to the large variability of characteristics and complexity of the leachate. Making a comparison of the legislation on waste management in Brazil and in Portugal, it is observed that in 1996 the Sector Strategic Plan for Municipal Solid Waste (SSPMSW) was approved in Portugal, promoting a major change in the MSW management, with large investments in infrastructure to deal the goals of the SSPMSW. On the other hand, in Brazil only in 2010 this change was proposed by NSWP. It is possible to observe that goals set in the National and State Plans were not met, in the case of RS, due to lack of awareness of the government and investments in this area in order to promote an appropriate final destination for the MSW generated in the country.

Dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated due to anthropogenic activities in any barren land or out fields causes severe hazards to human populations, ecosystems and the environment. In order to avoid this, it is required to design landfills in an engineered and scientific manner. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the behaviour of landfills over a period of time, to design landfills for site specific conditions. In this thesis such an attempt is made to evaluate performance of conventional landfill system using a large scale anaerobic reactor in the laboratory. The performance of the containment (bottom liner and final cover) systems is evaluated through numerical modelling and reliability based analysis. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to develop linear regression models. Influence of various parameters and their uncertainty on the reliability of the containment systems are studied for various scenarios and conditions. Reliability assessment of containment systems play a decisive role in taking remedial measures in order to reduce its adverse affects on the environment and human health in the vicinity of landfill sites. On the other hand, pre-assessment of risk guides the engineers, planners and decision makers in achieving the goal of sustainable solid waste management as well as safe landfills. The thesis also includes assessment of vulnerability of groundwater to contamination, identification and ranking of suitable sites for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in the Bengaluru district, using remote sensing and Geographic information system (GIS) integrated with analytical hierarchy process (AHP), a multi criteria decision making tool. The study considers various land use, geological, hydrogeological and environmental factors as criteria. As a result, two most suitable locations are identified around the Bengaluru city and their descriptions are provided. Further, reliability analysis of the suitability of sites is evaluated considering criteria as random variables. The proposed reliability based approach helps the decision makers and planners to choose site locations having low probability of environmental pollution. The provided methods in the thesis can be effectively used for engineered design of landfills.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] La estrategia de la Unión Europea para la gestión de residuos se articula a través de una serie de directivas que toman como punto de partida la Directiva 2008/98/CE. En ella, se establece un marco jurídico para el tratamiento de los residuos diseñado para preservar el medio ambiente, poniendo el foco en la importancia del empleo de las mejores técnicas disponibles para la gestión, recuperación y reciclado de residuos, reduciendo así el uso de los recursos naturales. Ello ha derivado en diferentes normativas que obligan a las economías a ser más sostenibles, priorizando la minimización de residuos y, cuando no sea posible, favoreciendo su reutilización y reciclado. En España, todo ello ha sido traspuesto al ordenamiento jurídico a través de la reciente Ley 7 /2022, de 8 de abril, de residuos y suelos contaminados para una economía circular, en la que el papel protagonista recae en los municipios. La ciudad de Castelló de la Plana es una ciudad mediterránea de tamaño medio que dispone de un sistema completo de gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos y que, como todo sistema, presenta oportunidades de mejora. El objetivo fundamental de esta Tesis Doctoral es, por tanto, la mejora del sistema de gestión de residuos actual partiendo de un análisis detallado de sus principales dimensiones. Concretamente, se ha analizado la evolución histórica de las principales fracciones de residuos de la ciudad observando cómo los factores externos pueden afectar a su tendencia; se ha estudiado la composición de los biorresiduos recogidos selectivamente para ayudar al dimensionamiento de los servicios de recogida y de nuevas instalaciones de valorización provinciales; se ha propuesto la mejor tecnología de motorización disponible para la renovación de la flota de vehículos recolectores y se ha desarrollado una metodología para priorizar los planes de acción incluidos en el Plan Local de Residuos de la ciudad, a través de un análisis de sus principales indicadores. Estas propuestas de mejora están encaminadas al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible fijados para el año 2030 y atienden, por tanto, a demandas de sostenibilidad y circularidad. En cuanto a la forma de presentación de este trabajo, debe reseñarse que ha sido elaborado mediante el compendio de publicaciones en las que se han evaluado las cuatro dimensiones del sistema citadas anteriormente. Para ello, se han analizado investigaciones anteriores y, utilizando los datos propios del municipio, se han realizado análisis estadísticos y de decisión multicriterio para obtener resultados que facilitan los procesos de toma de decisiones estratégicas, tácticas y operativas que mejorarán la gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos. De estos análisis, se han extraído importantes conclusiones que permitirán manejar mejor futuras situaciones extraordinarias (como la reciente crisis sanitaria), realizar acciones encaminadas a la mejora en la separación en origen, mejorar las flotas de vehículos de recogida de residuos y optimizar los recursos municipales mediante la priorización de planes de acción. Estos resultados pueden suponer una aportación muy útil para los responsables municipales en gestión de residuos ya que, mediante el uso de los métodos aquí definidos, se proporcionan aportaciones teóricas y prácticas para la toma de decisiones, así como para el desarrollo de futuros trabajos de investigación. / [CA] L'estratègia de la Unió Europea per a la gestió de residus s'articula a través d'una sèrie de directives que prenen com a punt de partida la Directiva 2008/98/CE. En ella, s'estableix un marc jurídic per al tractament dels residus dissenyat per a preservar el medi ambient, posant el focus en la importància de l'ús de les millors tècniques disponibles per a la gestió, recuperació i reciclatge de residus, reduint així l'ús dels recursos naturals. Això ha derivat en diferents normatives que obliguen les economies a ser més sostenibles, prioritzant la minimització de residus i, quan no siga possible, afavorint la seua reutilització i reciclatge. A Espanya, tot això ha sigut transposat a l'ordenament jurídic a través de la recent Llei 7 /2022, de 8 d'abril, de residus i sòls contaminats per a una economia circular, en la qual el paper protagonista recau en els municipis. La ciutat de Castelló de la Plana és una ciutat mediterrània de grandària mitjana que disposa d'un sistema complet de gestió de residus sòlids urbans i que, com tot sistema, presenta oportunitats de millora. L'objectiu fonamental d'aquesta Tesi Doctoral és, per tant, la millora del sistema de gestió de residus actual partint d'una anàlisi detallada de les seues principals dimensions. Concretament, s'ha analitzat l'evolució històrica de les principals fraccions de residus de la ciutat observant com els factors externs poden afectar la seua tendència; s'ha estudiat la composició dels bioresidus recollits selectivament per a ajudar al dimensionament dels serveis de recollida i de noves instal·lacions de valorització provincials; s'ha proposat la millor tecnologia de motorització disponible per a la renovació de la flota de vehicles recol·lectors i s'ha desenvolupat una metodologia per a prioritzar els plans d'acció inclosos en el Pla Local de Residus de la ciutat, a través d'una anàlisi dels seus principals indicadors. Aquestes propostes de millora estan encaminades al compliment dels Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible fixats per a l'any 2030 i atenen, per tant, a demandes de sostenibilitat i circularitat. Quant a la forma de presentació d'aquest treball, ha de ressenyar-se que ha sigut elaborat mitjançant el compendi de publicacions en les quals s'han avaluat les quatre dimensions del sistema citades anteriorment. Per a això, s'han analitzat investigacions anteriors i, utilitzant les dades pròpies del municipi, s'han realitzat anàlisis estadístiques i de decisió multicriteri per a obtindre resultats que faciliten els processos de presa de decisions estratègiques, tàctiques i operatives que milloraran la gestió dels residus sòlids urbans. D'aquestes anàlisis, s'han extret importants conclusions que permetran manejar millor futures situacions extraordinàries (com la recent crisi sanitària), realitzar accions encaminades a la millora en la separació en origen, millorar les flotes de vehicles de recollida de residus i optimitzar els recursos municipals mitjançant la priorització de plans d'acció. Aquests resultats poden suposar una aportació molt útil per als responsables municipals en gestió de residus ja que, mitjançant l'ús dels mètodes ací definits, es proporcionen aportacions teòriques i pràctiques per a la presa de decisions, així com per al desenvolupament de futurs treballs de recerca. / [EN] The European Union's strategy for waste management is articulated through a series of directives that take Directive 2008/98/EC as a starting point. It establishes a legal framework for waste treatment designed to preserve the environment, focusing on the importance of using the best available techniques for waste management, recovery and recycling, thus reducing the use of natural resources. This has led to different regulations that oblige economies to be more sustainable, prioritizing waste minimization and, when this is not possible, favouring its reuse and recycling. In Spain, all this has been transposed into the legal system through the recent Law 7 /2022, of April 8, on waste and contaminated soils for a circular economy, in which the leading role falls to the municipalities. The city of Castelló de la Plana is a medium-sized Mediterranean city that has a complete system of solid urban waste management and that, like any system, presents opportunities for improvement. The main objective of this Doctoral Thesis is, therefore, the improvement of the current waste management system based on a detailed analysis of its main dimensions. Specifically, the historical evolution of the main waste fractions of the city has been analysed, observing how external factors can affect their trend; the composition of bio-waste collected selectively has been studied to help the sizing of collection services and new provincial recovery facilities; the best available motorization technology has been proposed for the renewal of the fleet of collection vehicles and a methodology has been developed to prioritize the action plans included in the Local Waste Plan of the city, through an analysis of its main indicators. These improvement proposals are aimed at meeting the Sustainable Development Goals set for the year 2030 and therefore address sustainability and circularity demands. With regard to the presentation of this work, it should be noted that it has been prepared by means of a compendium of publications in which the four dimensions of the system mentioned above have been evaluated. For this purpose, previous research has been analysed and, using the municipality's own data, statistical and multi-criteria decision analyses have been carried out to obtain results that facilitate the strategic, tactical and operational decision-making processes that will improve the management of urban solid waste. From these analyses, important conclusions have been drawn that will make it possible to better manage future extraordinary situations (such as the recent health crisis), carry out actions aimed at improving separation at source, improve waste collection vehicle fleets and optimize municipal resources by prioritizing action plans. These results can be a very useful contribution for municipal waste management managers since, by using the methods defined here, theoretical and practical contributions are provided for decision making, as well as for the development of future research work. / Moreno Solaz, H. (2023). Análisis y mejora del sistema integral de gestión de resíduos sólidos urbanos en la ciudad de Castellón de la Plana respondiendo a demandas de sostenibilidad y circularidad [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/199548 / Compendio