The Constitution of South Africa, 1996, requires local government to be democratic and accountable to local communities. Municipalities are also constitutionally bound to encourage the involvement of the communities in the affairs of local government. Section 152 of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996, sets out the rights of communities to be involved in the affairs of local government.Participation is not only about communicating information and addressing the needs of the community. Participation is also about building partnerships with the community, being accountable to the community, allowing the community to take part in policy decisions, capacitating the community to understand their rights and obligations as citizens, and allowing the community to participate actively in social, political and economic affairs. Local government as a sphere of government closest to the peopleplays a critical role in advancing the participation of the community. Chapter 4 of the Municipal Structures Act of 1998 requires that municipalities should establish ward committees in order to enhance participatory democracy. Ward committees were therefore established, as community structures, to play a role in advocating needs, aspirations, potentials and problems of the community. However, studies appear to be critical on the functionality of ward committees and argue that most ward committees are not functioning as intended. The purpose of the study is to establish whether MatlosanaLocal Municipality has created the environment for active participation through the ward committee system in order to enhance participatory democracy. Thestudy further investigates whether the ward committees are functioning as intended and according to what the law requires. The researcher used a qualitative method to determine how Matlosana Local Municipality uses the ward committee system to enhance participatory democracy. The investigation revealed a number of challenges facing the ward committees which hinder their effectiveness. However, recommendations are recommended to assist the management of the municipality in making the system more effective. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

The Constitution of South Africa, 1996, requires local government to be democratic and accountable to local communities. Municipalities are also constitutionally bound to encourage the involvement of the communities in the affairs of local government. Section 152 of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996, sets out the rights of communities to be involved in the affairs of local government.Participation is not only about communicating information and addressing the needs of the community. Participation is also about building partnerships with the community, being accountable to the community, allowing the community to take part in policy decisions, capacitating the community to understand their rights and obligations as citizens, and allowing the community to participate actively in social, political and economic affairs. Local government as a sphere of government closest to the peopleplays a critical role in advancing the participation of the community. Chapter 4 of the Municipal Structures Act of 1998 requires that municipalities should establish ward committees in order to enhance participatory democracy. Ward committees were therefore established, as community structures, to play a role in advocating needs, aspirations, potentials and problems of the community. However, studies appear to be critical on the functionality of ward committees and argue that most ward committees are not functioning as intended. The purpose of the study is to establish whether MatlosanaLocal Municipality has created the environment for active participation through the ward committee system in order to enhance participatory democracy. Thestudy further investigates whether the ward committees are functioning as intended and according to what the law requires. The researcher used a qualitative method to determine how Matlosana Local Municipality uses the ward committee system to enhance participatory democracy. The investigation revealed a number of challenges facing the ward committees which hinder their effectiveness. However, recommendations are recommended to assist the management of the municipality in making the system more effective. / Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

This diploma thesis deals with basically unstudied topic of criminal liability of municipal representatives and other involved persons. At the beginning there is an attempt to create at theoretical level distinction between political decisions where no legal consequences should be brought and implementing decisions. This thesis pays special attention to questions of mens rea with respect to special conditions within municipal units. Therefore it is created different levels of duty of care based on relationship between subject and draft of decision. It is also remembered influence of an error to mens rea and a special situation of an error caused by improper advice or materials. The thesis pays attention also to basic criminal offences connected to this topic - breach of trust, abuse of authority and corruption. At the end there is a brief comparison with the system of liability of municipal representatives in chosen countries. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Le XIXème siècle marque les prémices de l'action sanitaire et sociale de la France. La capitale, Paris la voit se développer au travers de l'action de ces édiles, conseillers municipaux et maires. Peu étudiés dans l'historiographie française, ces hommes politiques locaux jouent un rôle fondamental dans l'apparition de cette politique publique micro-locale. Le conseil municipal comme les mairies sont composés majoritairement de membres de la bourgeoisie. Nombre d'entre eux exercent donc la philanthropie et la charité à l'instar de leurs prédécesseurs. Accompagnés dans cette pratique sociale par leurs parents, ils contribuent à développer des secours à l'ensemble des Parisiens. Ces actions se développent timidement à partir du Second Empire. L'Empereur, moteur de la politique sanitaire et sociale voit cette dernière être en proie à des réussites comme à des échecs. La Troisième République marque un tournant dans l'histoire de cette politique publique. A partir de 1871, fa défaite française conjuguées à l'influence des théories hygiénistes poussent les élus de la capitale à intervenir eux-mêmes dans le cadre de l'action sanitaire et sociale. Cela se traduit par la construction des premiers établissements sanitaires et sociaux municipaux, tandis que dans le même temps, ils participent aux débuts de l'éducation populaire. Les influences parisiennes ne viennent cependant pas uniquement de son corps médical. La capitale, s'inspire ainsi des expériences européennes au travers des expositions universelles et des congrès internationaux En 1914, Paris fait ainsi figure de pionnière sur ces questions, tout en conservant un retard relatif par rapport aux autres capitales européennes. / France's Sanitary and social action policies originate in the XIXth century. In its capital city Paris, these policies also develop through its municipal councillors and mayors. Few academic works focus on these elected officials, though they have a key part in creating these micro-local public policies. The urban bourgeoisie makes up for a large part of the town and district councils, so it's not surprising many of them and their close families providing the Parisians with some relief through philantropy and charity. The Emperor leads the first health and social policies through its Second Empire's few successes and many failures. From 1871, the rises of hygienist theories and 1870's defeat to Prussian armies heavily influence the young Third Republic. This urges the town's elected officials to get involved personally, and leads to the first municipal health and social services, while they do their part in popular education. The capital also gets inspiration from european experiments such as universal expositions and international hygiene conventions. At the dawn of the first World War, Paris is both France's example and leade, while being relatively late compared to other european capital cities.