Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / This mini-dissertation discusses the application of the principles of corporate governance in the Musina Local Municipality. It further discusses the legislative framework and the institutions of government which are responsible for the effective implementation of corporate governance in the local government sphere. It further discusses the challenges faced by Musina Local Municipality which are ranging from fraud and corruption and poor financial management and this result in poor service delivery.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo -- 2016. / Refer to document

Thesis (M.A.(Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Alcohol consumption by young people continues to be a social problem that is associated with major health complications later in life. More youth engage in alcohol consumption frequently with a decreasing age of debut. The current study aimed at exploring and describing the prevalence, patterns and context of youth alcohol consumption in Musina Town, Limpopo Province. A convergence mixed method was employed. This was complemented by an exploratory-descriptive design. Using random stratified and purposive sampling techniques, data was collected from grade 11 learners by way of a survey and a focus group discussion. Data collected from the study show that there is a high prevalence of alcohol use amongst the youth in Musina as almost two thirds (61%) of the survey participants reported to be current alcohol users. Patterns of consumption include drinking during weekends and holidays with binge drinking and drinking until drunkenness being the main forms of alcohol consumption. There was no difference in binge drinking between male and female alcohol drinkers, with 22% of each gender reporting to consume more than five drinks a session. Contexts of alcohol consumption by the youth include drinking at various social gatherings, school, at home, unlicensed liquor outlets, drinking to have fun or as a coping mechanism. Young alcohol consumers have little to no concern about their drinking behaviour, which is exacerbated by alcohol drinking permissive culture and the availability of alcohol. Keywords: Youth, Alcohol consumption, Prevalence, Patterns, Availability

Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) --University of Limpopo, 2014 / This mini-dissertation discusses the application of the principles of corporate governance in the Musina Local Municipality. It further discusses the legislative framework and the institutions of government which are responsible for the effective implementation of corporate governance in the local government sphere. It further discusses the challenges faced by Musina Local Municipality which are ranging from fraud and corruption and poor financial management and this result in poor service delivery.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Hazardous wastes (HW) refer to wastes that may or tend to cause adverse health effects on the ecosystem and human beings. These wastes pose present or potential risks to human health or living organisms, due to the fact that they are: (i) non-degradable or persistent in nature, (ii) can be biologically magnified, (iii) are highly toxic and even lethal at very low concentrations. Various types of production activities in South Africa generate many by-products, which are usually discarded but often turn out to be sources of acute environmental hazards. If not contained and handled appropriately, waste, including HW can cause significant problems. Unattended HW lying around leads to unhygienic conditions resulting in health problems. Increasing population growth, accompanied by rapid urbanization and industrialization, increases the volume of HW generated in the country. Improper waste management is aesthetically unattractive and impacts negatively on tourism by creating blight on South Africa’s beautiful landscape. The aim of the study is to assess how HW is discarded across different land use zones in the Musina Local Municipality in order to reduce and manage the negative impacts that they exert to the environment and human health. The objective was to: (i) analyse the state and management of hazardous waste discarded by beauty salons of the central business district of Musina; (ii) Elucidate the state and management of hazardous waste discarded by households located in the suburbs of Musina; (iii) Document the state and management of hazardous waste discarded by automotive workshop located in the Industrial zone of Musina and (iv) Develop tailor-made recommendations for the safe management of hazardous waste in the town of Musina, Limpopo Province, South Africa The study was conducted in Musina Local Municipality in Limpopo province, South Africa. Musina is the northern town in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The study sites were divided into three land use zones; central business district (CBD), suburban area, and industrial zone. In terms of methodology observations, a datasheet and a semi-structured questionnaire were used to collect data on HW management across three different land use zones. A total of 73 semi-structured questionnaires (55 in suburban area and 10 in industrial zone and 8 in the Central Business District) were employed to document quantitative and qualitative data. Observations were used to identify the types and document quantity of HW discarded by all participants. The researcher opened the weekly municipal refuse bags that stored discarded products to list and count HW products. The information was captured on a datasheet, which recorded data on type, quantity and separation of hazardous waste from general waste. Data was analysed via descriptive statistics. Results from Central Business District (Salons) shows that nail varnish bottles were the most discarded HW product with 250 discarded per week by all eight salons. Other HW products discarded include artificial nails, hair dye containers, plastic combs, vinyl gloves and disinfectant containers. All salons practice the same disposal method; making use of municipal refuse bags for temporary storage, which is then transported to the municipal landfill site for final disposal. None of the participants separate waste; reasons being lack of awareness of separation management. Shop owners and employees’ attitude towards HW management was neutral while their level of knowledge on the environmental and human health impact was rated low. Seventy-five percent of the respondents were not aware that the products they discard are hazardous. Results from Suburban area (household hazardous waste) shows that home cleaning products were the most discarded Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) product with 237 discarded per week by all 55 sampled households. Other HHW products discarded include personal cleaning products, miscellaneous items, automotive maintenance and gardening products. The 50 households practice the same disposal method; making use of house bin (usually pedal bins). Once the bin is full, they dispose it to the outdoors wheelie bins. The remaining five household dispose of their waste directly to the outdoor bin. None of the participants separated waste; main reasons being lack of awareness of separation management. Participants’ attitude towards HW management was neutral while their level of knowledge on the environmental and human health impact was rated medium. Seventy-three percent of the respondents were aware that the products they discard are hazardous. Results from Industrial Zone (hazardous waste) shows that plastic components were the most discarded hazardous waste (HW) product with 31 discarded per week by all 10 sampled automotive workshops. Other HW products discarded include lead-acid batteries, automotive used oil and paint containers. Automotive workshops practice different storage and disposal method; making use of drums, large containers and old scrap car as a temporary storage place. Once the temporary storage is full, 50% opted for recycling while 30% dispose of their waste to the landfill site; the remaining 20% burn their waste in their premises. A large majority (80%) did not separate their waste; main reasons being a lack of awareness of separation management. Participants’ attitude towards HW management was positive while their level of knowledge on the environmental and human health impact was rated low. Half of the respondents were aware that the products they discard are hazardous. Many studies have looked at the comparison between wastes discarded in the rural versus urban area with little attention on specific enterprises. It is more realistic to consider other enterprises because different activities generated different waste. This study was able to assess how waste is discarded in different enterprises such as salons and automotive workshop with an addition of residential waste. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study of this kind. Future research can look at other enterprises such as HW from restaurant or as far as HW discarded by mining sector. The study recommends that the salon enterprise obtains a HW certificate prior to operating a salon, this will increase awareness and make employees more knowledgeable on issues relating to the management of HW. Most of the wastes discarded by sub-urban area were recyclable materials. The municipality can look into collecting recyclable materials separately and taking it to the recycling facilities. It was shocking to find out that there are automotive industries that burn their waste (without even separating). This poses a serious danger in terms of air pollution and the possibilities of containers exploding; therefore, there is an urgent need to educate people in the automotive industry. Keywords: Hazardous waste, Household Hazardous Waste, Musina, Central Business District

M.A. (Development Studies) / This report evaluates the response of the South African government to migrant unaccompanied minors at Musina and Beitbridge Limpopo province. The report begins by outlining the migration situation at the Beitbridge Border post and the reasons for UAMs‘ migration to South Africa. It also highlights the processesthey follow in migrating, services available and their vulnerability to sexual and gender based violence as they cross the border through irregular routes. The second section outlines the responsibilities of host states in as far as the needs of migrant UAMs are concerned. As this study is focusing on the South African government, the section further develops a narrative informed by international law and the South African Constitution as well as policies and legislationin force in South Africa. This section points to a well developed legal and policy framework for securing the rights of migrant children. The third section concludes by summarising the needs of UAMs and by stating some of the measures that should be implemented by the South African government in responding to the situation. The fourth section of this study presents evidence crucial for evaluation of state responses to its obligations towards UAMs. This section presents evidence gathered over a period of time in Beitbridge and Musina that enables me to evaluate the South African state‘s respond to UAMs in Musina and Beitbridge. The outcomes of this research indicate that South Africa has failed to implement international law and the Constitutional, legal and policy frameworks in as far as the rights of migrant UAMs are concerned. The majority of UAMs are from Zimbabwe and they are running away from social, economic and political instabilities in that country. In addition, these children are migrants in their own right and existing research indicates that where children migrate alone, they are particularly vulnerable to exploitative working conditions, violence and denial of basic rights.Page ix Many children migrated in order to pursue their education as well as to work in order to support themselves and families back home. However, many of the migrant‘s organisations that exist do not specifically address the rights of children or response to their needs. Migrant children‘s ability to satisfy their basic needs is extremely compromised; much of the work is currently done by a few non-governmental organisations and faith based organisations especially with regard to shelter and food provision with very minimal support from the South African government. UAMs have very limited access to government departments and services. The majority of UAMs are crowded in the streets in Musina and others in towns such as Louis Trichardt, Thohoyandou, Dzanini and on farms wherein they fend for their own living and there is no one to cater for their needs. This report concludes by making recommendations for interventions to the South African government for implementing Children‘s rights and strengthening migrant children‘s access to basic rights in South Africa.

MA (Youth Development) / Institute for Gender and Youth Studies / See the attached abstract below

Thesis (M. A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Southern Africa encounters an exceptional international human mobility. Several studies view South Africa as a host country for a large number of immigrants, particularly migrant youth who come from other African countries. Upon their arrival in South Africa, studies show that migrant youth encounter a vast number of challenges such as being excluded from welfare services of South Africa. It is from this background that this study sought to explore survival strategies that migrant youth in Musina Town employ for their sustainability. This study presents qualitative findings on the survival strategies employed by migrant youth in Musina Town, Limpopo Province of South Africa. Ten migrant youth in Musina Town who are accommodated in shelters managed by churches were used as a case study and were purposively and conveniently selected to participate in the study. Data was collected through face to face semi-structured interviews and analysed thematically through the assistance of the Nvivo software. The resilience, neoclassical and network theories were used to guide the study. However, the resilience theory served as the over-arching theory of the study as it is more relevant and appropriate in explaining how migrant youth bounced back to normality after the hardships they experienced in South Africa. Findings reveal that bad economic conditions from countries of origin pushed young people to South Africa for better livelihoods. However, due to lack of funds, some crossed borders fraudulently for their survival. Upon their arrival in South Africa, findings further revealed that some migrant youth engage in criminal acts to make a living. It was also found that some migrant youth are involved in sex work to make a living. Social networking with their counterparts, street vending, cheap and exploitative labour were also found to be strategies employed by migrant youth for their sustainable livelihoods. It is thus concluded that migrant youth in South Africa are exposed to bad conditions upon their arrival in the country for their sustainable livelihoods. Findings also reveal various coping strategies that migrant youth employ to mitigate their exclusion from South African welfare services. Recommendations which include integrated intervention and future research are provided in this study