Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-11T13:06:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2849167 bytes, checksum: da520bd6d31edcea082e420c9377e88f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-11T13:06:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2849167 bytes, checksum: da520bd6d31edcea082e420c9377e88f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / One of the main problems of the Distance Learning (DL) is the lack in communication and collaboration among students, which is mainly caused by the physical distance among them. Researches in education show that collaboration between students, where they assist each other in understanding the educational content, is one of the fundamental parts of the learning process. Virtual learning environments, such as Moodle, provide some resources such as Forums and Chats to support collaboration. However, such resources are not enough to motivate collaboration. This and other aspects are the main causes to the high number of retention and dropout of students in the DL courses, since they are not able to adapt themselves to the features of this type of learning modality. Our work uses concepts of mutual evaluation, integrated to gamification elements, as an alternative to motivate collaboration among students in small groups. In order, the literature indicates that collaborative processes are more efficient when applied to groups composed of 4 or 5 students. One of the main contributions of our work is to develop an automatic mutual evaluation process, which can be integrated to the mutual evaluation carried out by students, so that the final results are more reliable. The validation of this proposal was carried out with disciplines of the Informatics Graduation course of the Virtual UFPB. The results show that, apart to increase the reliability, our approach also enables the identification of biases along the mutual evaluation process and generates different ways to compare the performance of students and groups of students, considering different attributes proposed in this work. / Um dos problemas da educação a distância é a falta de comunicação e colaboração entre os alunos, o que é causado principalmente pela distância física entre eles. Pesquisas em educação mostram que a colaboração entre alunos, em que eles se ajudam no entendimento do conteúdo educacional, é uma das partes fundamentais do processo de aprendizagem. Ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, como o Moodle, disponibilizam recursos como Fóruns e Chats para suporte a colaboração. Porém, tais recursos são insuficientes para motivar tal colaboração. Esse e outros fatores têm causado um grande índice de retenção e evasão nos cursos a distância, uma vez que os estudantes não conseguem se adaptar as características dessa modalidade de ensino. Este trabalho utiliza conceitos de avaliação mútua, integrados a elementos de gamificação, como forma de motivar a colaboração de estudantes em pequenos grupos de estudo. De fato, a literatura indica que processos colaborativos são mais eficientes em grupos compostos por 4 ou 5 estudantes. Uma das principais contribuições do trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um processo de avaliação mútua automático, o qual pode ser integrado ao processo de avaliação mútua feita pelos alunos, de modo que os resultados das avaliações sejam mais confiáveis. A validação da proposta foi feita com turmas do curso de Graduação em Computação da UFPB virtual. Os resultados mostram que, além de garantir uma maior segurança no processo de avaliação, também é possível verificar grandes discrepâncias nesse processo, assim como gerar diferentes formas de comparação entre o desempenho de alunos e grupos de alunos, considerando diferentes atributos propostos neste trabalho.

Magister Legum - LLM / From failing to arrest and surrender Sudanese President Omar Al-Bashir1 in accordance with its obligations under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court2 (Rome Statute), to its President acting inconsistently with its Supreme law3, it is evident that the rule of law is under threat in South Africa. Furthermore, South Africa has witnessed the cultivation of a culture of impunity for corruption in high office. South Africa has also experienced an increase in heinous crimes committed against women and children. The South African Rand recently plummeted given that its Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan, recently faced charges of fraud4, as well as the ripple effect caused by the Fees Must Fall Movement.5 Against the backdrop of the above-mentioned issues that plague South Africa and hinder its development, the fight against money laundering hardly seems of pivotal importance in achieving the desired stability and development of the country. There is a public perception that money laundering is a crime of little consequence.8 This perception derives from the fact that money laundering does not have a direct impact on its victims and in some instances benefits the economy as it increases the profits for the financial sector and results in a greater availability of credit.9 Laundered money arguably is not harmful but rather beneficial to developing economies because money remains money, whether it is proceeds of crime or honestly earned.10 Although an increase in money is appealing to developing countries, the benefits that accompany laundered money are short-lived as the crime affects society adversely in the long run.11 However, where a country fails to prevent and prosecute money laundering offences, the prevalence of money laundering will impede the development of a state as it not only increases the profitability of crime and encourages the prevalence of corruption, but it also causes damage to critical financial sector institutions.12 Money laundering influences the commission of crimes that generate large amounts of profit, namely, organised crime, which is often described as the twin brother of money laundering.13 This is because criminals do not commit crimes to make money only but to enjoy this money as well.14 However, criminals need to launder their money in order to enjoy the proceeds of their criminal activities without drawing attention to these activities.15 Countries that combat money laundering effectively make it more difficult for criminals to launder the proceeds of their crimes. It becomes more risky for them to indulge in their ill-gotten gains, thus dissuading them from engaging in economic criminality.16 Money laundering is a process where the proceeds of crime are concealed and disguised in order to make them appear lawful.17 Criminals are thus able to enjoy the financial benefits of the crimes they commit.18 The pervasiveness of money laundering in a country does not only affect the confidence the public have in the country’s financial institutions but also undermines the confidence foreign investors and financial institutions have in a developing state’s financial institutions.19 A country can, therefore, run the risk of not benefitting from foreign direct investment.20 The financial institutions rely heavily on what the public think about their integrity.21

Magister Legum - LLM

本國為因應2018年亞太防制洗錢組織（APG）相互評鑑事宜，相關單位陸續參照國際規範，如防制洗錢金融行動工作組織（FATF）2012年發布之「防制洗錢及打擊資恐與武器擴散國際標準40項建議」、巴塞爾銀行監理委員會(BCBS)2014年發布之「健全有關防制洗錢及打擊資恐之風險管理」文件等，以及他國作法進行有關防制洗錢及打擊資恐法制規約、監管措施及自律規範等之修正，並促請義務機構強化執行，以期順利通過第三輪相互評鑑。 銀行向為洗錢及資恐犯罪喜好之金流管道，基於銀行提供之金融服務具安全性、便利性及多元化、全球化等優點，不僅吸引一般金融消費者與銀行緊密往來，亦同時受到不良分子之青睞，致金融體系資源易遭不當利用。銀行為金融體系之核心主體，負有防制洗錢及打擊資恐之義務與責任，本文爰就銀行業防制洗錢及打擊資恐實務切入，針對本國銀行應採行之因應措施基本架構進行探討。 本文將先介紹FATF之評鑑流程及方法論，以立下銀行進行防制洗錢及打擊資恐工作之目標，復就達成前開目標為方向，引述金融機構防制洗錢及打擊資恐機制之國際標準，繼而回歸國內外對銀行實際作為之法規要求，試行建構銀行防制洗錢及打擊資恐基本機制，末則就銀行於執行面可改善空間提出重點觀察建議。 隨著工業4.0、Bank3.0及Fintech（金融科技）之快速演進，銀行客戶樣貌及交易型態正在改變，健全防制洗錢及打擊資恐機制是所有銀行業共同面臨之進階版挑戰，本文謹提出銀行機制基本實務報告，俾作為開展細緻化措施之參考。另本文為一般性原則之探討，並非針對特定機構主體之描述，併此敘明。 / For the Mutual Evaluation which will be conducted by the Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) in 2018, basing on the following consulting international norms, such as “International Standards on combating Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism & Proliferation (The FATF Recommendations)” published by Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in 2012, “Sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism” published by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in 2014 and foreign advanced practices, the Taiwan authorities have amended the legal system, laws and regulations, supervision measures and self-disciplines referred to Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorism Financing(CTF). Meanwhile, every relevant entity is enhancing the prevent measures and internal control on AML/CFT (Counter-Financing of Terrorism) as well. The satisfactory result of the Third Round Mutual Evaluation will be expected. As people know, the banks are always the favorite cash flow channel of money laundering and terrorism financing, since the banks provide the financial services with advantages of safety, convenience, diversification and globalization, etc. Both general financial customers and criminals on ML/FT are attracted to make transactions with the banks. Thus, the financial system’s resources could be utilized improperly. Due to the role of the core of financial system, the banks should take the responsibility and bear the liability of Anti-Money Laundering and combating the financing of terrorism. In this paper, the primary framework on AML/CFT of domestic banks will be outlined according to the real practice. First, this paper has an introduction of mutual evaluation process and methodology in order to set the goal related to AML/CFT of the bank. Next, the model practices of international standards are presenting to achieve the goal for references. Then, this paper will focus on domestic and foreign regulatory requirements on banking, and try to construct the bank’s primary internal system of AML/CFT. Finally, there are some observations of the bank’s performance related to this issue. With the rapid evolution of Industry 4.0, Bank 3.0 and Fintech, the customers’ financial behaviors and transaction types are changing. Therefore, to keep sound internal system of AML/CFT is an advanced challenge to all the banks. This paper is trying to set a primary framework on AML/CFT of domestic banks, and to be taken reference for banks to start developing appropriate prevent measures. In addition, the statement of this paper is an approach to general principles, not indicating any specific institution.