The emergence of the personal computer has had huge impact on society. Implications of which have been difficult to foresee. Following the arrival of the Internet, IT security has become an increasingly important aspect of business. If a firm does not take IT security seriously it may cause major financial loss, and reflect poorly on decision makers. To cater to the needs of businesses, and public sector organizations, the IT security industry has grown fast. Following this development, Secmaker has emerged as one of the leading IT security companies in Scandinavia. Secmaker AB was founded in 1994 in Stockholm. Their product NetID is a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) system, which allows information to be exchanged securely in a normally insecure environment, for example the Internet. Today they have grown to a staff of 34, consisting mainly of developers and a handful of sales and   anagement employees. Due the nature of the industry Secmaker has taken the strategic decision to outsource the sales force. Previously when Secmaker’s clients consisted mainly of public sector organizations they have dealt with the sales process themselves. This did not prove to work all the time so when moving into the private sector they decided on using sales partners in order to reach new customers. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and explore the potential risks in outsourcing a sales force. We limited us in investigating the sales process alone. This allowed us to leave the technical aspects of the product to the side, and focus on this phase in which they previously had issues. The method used in this thesis is a qualitative, inductive, case study. We have collected data  performing semi-­‐structured interviews with key figures in the industry both within Secmaker, and independent. Further this primary data will be analyzed with respect to our theoretical, secondary, data we have collected through a comprehensive literature study.

Lately the pharmaceutical industry is confronted with newly emerging needs which puts firms under a high cost pressure. As a result pharmaceutical equipment provider such as Sartorius Stedim Biotech (SSB) are affected by that in a similar way trying to deliver products and services that promise best value for money. A so-called go-to-market project should serve to evaluate each customers’ sales potential in order to allocate resources accordingly. Hence,  ome market segments such as the “academic market” which is comprised of research institutes and academic institutions (=colleges and universities) with biotech-oriented study programs needed to be disregarded. Therefore, this thesis investigated the organizational buying behavior of academic institutions in order to advise the product management department Fermentation Technologies (FRT) how to improve marketing efforts of the Biostat® A to get it marketed and sold, given the go-to-market limitations. To find a solution to this problem, a case study of FRT and their Biostat® A at SSB has been conducted. Data has been collected through five company interviews, six customer interviews with different institutions as well as through a customer survey with overall 69 respondents 59 from Germany, 10 from the UK). This study identified that there is a current misbalance of the Biostat® A’s marketing mix. Further, the academic institutions’ bioreactor procurement process could be outlined and everal aspects influencing their buying behavior were identified. In addition it was found that academic institutions demand the personal contact to their bioreactor suppliers, not wanting to be visited on a regular basis while using the internet as a main information source. Based on above findings, the advice to FRT is to establish a direct marketing approach with telesales to realize a market pull. Given the go-to-market limitations this presents a solution that creates a direct customer response, establishes customer relationships and is of a cost-efficient nature.

The progress of technology forces companies and organizations to alter their structure and operational procedures in order to stay alive, adapt to current incumbents and gain competitive advantage within their target markets. One of the major key concepts for this procedure is innovation. This was, and still is a timeless and demanding issue along with its consequences; how companies can achieve innovation and seize all benefits given. Innovation has many "faces", methods and models from which it can be approached. This thesis will analyze the basic strategies and types of innovation as well as their outcomes. To strengthen our investigations on the matter Alfa Laval was selected as the study case of this thesis, a company that has successfully been the leader in separation market for more than one century

How a couple shares parental leave following the birth of a child has important implications for time investments in children by each parent. Using a parental leave reform in Sweden that reserved a month of paid leave to each parent, I study the effects of increasing father’s participation in parental leave on children’s long-run educational outcome. The causal effect of the reform is identified using a ”difference-in-discontinuities” strategy that combines the before/after variation with the discontinuous below/above variation. The results provide tentative evidence that children’s long-run educational outcome improves as a result of the reform. I also show that the positive effect is mainly stemming from families where the father is highly educated irrespective of the education level of the mother. This highlights the importance of father-child time for children’s development.

Abstract Our exploration study is a preface on Body Worn Cameras (BWC) technology in health-tech vertical. BWC is quite a common outfit used in the law enforcement segment. BWC has been well received and widely used by police officers for a variety of use-cases in the law enforcement segment. There are a lot of explorations that are grounded in BWC for law enforcement segment. But our question is what possibilities for body worn technologies exist in other vertical such as health-tech vertical. We chose to study the healthcare vertical which is another important assiduity that is further affiliated to the public. Background: Body Worn Cameras (BWC) is one of the finest innovative inventions to track down workplace violations in law enforcement. The use-case and applications of body-worn cameras perfectly fit the requirements of the law enforcement agencies. The introduction of body-cameras into law enforcement agencies such as the police department has bought in a lot of positive effects such as reduction in public complaints against police officers. Objectives: Among all the professionals in the world, healthcare workers face the highest violence and aggression. The violence and aggression are not only limited to the healthcare staff but also to the patients. Thus, the safety, security, and well-being of both the staff and the patients are vital. Surveillance through BWC is not only effective in law enforcement sectors, but it could also be beneficial in non-law enforcement verticals. This research study helps health workers to obtain safe working conditions and environment. Based on the aim of this research, we set out to ask the following research questions research question 1: What is the perception of BWC tech by the health-tech vertical? Research question 2: How can the BWC tech adopt to the health-tech vertical? Methodology: We chose to conduct interview among health care workers to understand their perception. Our research is qualitative in nature with non-randomized selection of participants which limits the scope of the research to certain locality and particular context from which generalized results might not be obtained. Results: The healthcare workers perceive that body worn cameras can help them in solving their challenges. These challenges vary with respect to background, department, and role of the healthcare worker. Conclusions: BWC has very good technological potential and features which helps in increasing efficiency, scalability, innovation, and effective care towards their patients. This would in turn improve the relationship and trust between the patients and the healthcare workers which is important for a long-term sustainable healthcare organization. Recommendations for future research: Further research is required to understand how other departments such as IT department, legal department, finance department would welcome and adopt BWC technology to cater to the needs of the healthcare workers. The geographical scope in this research is limited to Sweden. For more generalized results, a quantitative approach could be used from a larger randomized participant group to obtain research results for a broader scope and context. Keywords: Body worn cameras, non-law enforcement, health-tech.

ABSTRACT The aim of the research is to investigate the role of internal audit in enhancing corporate governance and mitigating risks associated with digital transformation in private hospitals in Pakistan.Furthermore, the study aims to understand the significance of internal audit in ensuring effective governance practices and managing the challenges and hazards introduced by digital transformation in the healthcare industry. By examining the specific context of private hospitals in Pakistan, the research intends to provide insights into the unique challenges faced by these organizations and identify best practices for managing digital transformation risks.

Title: Green marketing or greenwashing? A quantitative study on how greenwashing affects Generation Z:s trust and purchase intentions for food products in Sweden.Date: juni- 2023Author: Filip Dawidowicz & Wesam ShawanSupervisor: Blanca Astrid MorenoLevel: Bachelor's degree thesis in business administration. Keywords: Generation Z, greenwashing, green marketing, trust, purchase intentionPurpose: : The purpose of this essay is to investigate how greenwashing affects Generation Z:s trust in green marketing in the food industry in Sweden, as well as how trust affects their purchase intentions for green food products.Method: : By using a quantitative research strategy and a deductive approach, the study is based on the theory around how members of Generation Z perceive greenwashing and how their trust and intentions to make purchases are affected. Based on this theory, three hypotheses are formulated which are tested empirically through quantitative data analysis.Conclusion: As the prevalence of greenwashing increases, the results of the essay show that it is positive that members of Generation Z are aware of this problem. Their relative caution and relationship of trust towards green products can be seen as a constructive development. The results of the study clearly show that the occurrence of greenwashing has a negative impact on trust in green food products within the Swedish Generation Z group. This reduced level of trust, in turn, has an adverse effect on their intention to complete purchases within this category.Contribution of the thesis: The thesis contributes by examining the relationship between Generation Z:s trust in green food products and their perception of greenwashing, and how this relates to their purchase intentions. Through an analysis of previous research on factors influencing Generation Z:s purchase intentions of green food products, including attitudes, trust, and perceptions of greenwashing, our 5understanding of Generation Z:s behaviors and attitudes towards green food products is enhanced.Suggestions for future research: Green marketing is a vast field with several possible research avenues to explore further. An interesting approach would be to analyze the various factors underlying consumers', especially Generation Z's, lack of trust in green marketing, as well as to investigate which forms of green marketing actually generate trust. An in-depth study aimed at identifying the most effective design and communication of green marketing towards the intended target audience would be valuable for companies and organizations

The fundamental questions in this licentiate thesis are why we do not have better lighting in our buildings and what can be done to improve the situation. Focus is how issues related to lighting are handled during the construction process and one hypothesis is that good intentions concerning lighting in the early stages of the process to a large extent can disappear during the later stages of the process. Beside a literature review, the report is built on a combination of my own experiences from many years of work in the sector and interviews with actors in a number of selected projects. The theoretical framework used is transaction cost analysis where contract design and its effects is a central question. It is difficult to write a complete contract that captures all important aspects and what the result will be then depends on the short- and long term incentives of the actors. A key question is how to create incentives for different types of contractors to do the "right" thing. Results concerning current problems can be summarized as follows: Lack of commitment, competence and knowledge among actors in different stages of the construction process. Competence and knowledge may exist but are not used in the right way at the right time. Decisions are made with a too short time horizon. The focus on private gain overshadows ambitions to take a holistic perspective. The construction process has characteristics that might it difficult to learn from earlier projects. Control and follow-ups are often inadequate. The proposals that are put forward concerns three key areas - Competence, Incentives and Resources - and can be summarized as follows: More resources should be allocated to early stages of a project. Design should be made in closer cooperation between client, architect and technical consultants. Long-term partnering-like relations should be established between the client and especially the architect/technical consultant. This also creates room for development of competence and knowledge on both sides. The project should be carried out as a Design-Bid-Build project as the possibilities to control details of the project then are higher. / <p>QC 20121109</p>

QC 20101125

Climate change has risen to become one of our most critical global issues to resolve. Greenhouse gas emissions have been identified as one of the main causes for increased global temperature. As most energy production causes emission of greenhouse gases, a more energy efficient real estate sector could reduce the global greenhouse gas emissions. This reduction could be dramatic, as the real estate sector accounts for quite a large share of the society’s total energy usage. However, it is argued that even economically profitable investments are not being conducted to the full extent, leaving an “energy efficiency gap”. From an economic perspective there are multiple hinders that hampers environmental and/or energy efficiency investments (e.g. transaction costs, split incentives, capital constraints). This licentiate thesis studies environmental issues from an economic point of view in the commercial built environment in Sweden. The main purpose is to illustrate how different real estate actors respond to building environmental and/or energy performance, with focus on barriers, actions and economic outcome/impact. The thesis consists of an introductory essay and two articles. The first article studies the implementation of green leases. The study showed that complex contract structure involving different parties easily create so called “split incentives”, which can be very hard to resolve by additional agreements. This could be one explanation to why some profitable energy efficiency investments are not being realized. Furthermore, the study showed that the building owners were quite risk averse, in the sense that they were reluctant to conduct energy efficiency investments with longer pay-off periods than the current lease term. As Swedish commercial leases have a short contract length, this myopic view hampers energy efficiency investments with longer pay-off periods. An additional result from the study was the emotional aspect, from the tenant’s point of view, to invest in somebody else’s property. In general, the tenant considered building improvements to be the landlord’s responsibility. All in all, a conclusion that could be drawn is that the separation of building ownership and usage may have a negative impact on the leased commercial building stock’s energy performance. The second article studies whether energy performance affects the appraised value of office buildings. The overall result was that the energy performance rating had no impact on the commercial office buildings’ market values. The study indicated that rents, “time of valuation”, changes in vacancy rates, location and “low building age” had the greatest impact on assessed market values. This result could be due to that the correlation between energy usage and maintenance costs is low. Further explanation could be that the specified model suffers from multicollinearity, as the effect of improved energy efficiency cannot be separated from the building age or rent. The including studies support the notion that energy efficiency measures are difficult to implement and appraise to the full extent. Hence, future research is going to focus on how “green” features better could be incorporated into real estate valuation practices as well as evaluation of how environmental certified buildings are actually performing (concerning rents, energy usage, user satisfaction etc.). / <p>QC 20130121</p>