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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

ESTABLISHMENT OF A QUISCENCE HERPES SIMPLEX TYPE 1 INFECTION IN L929 FIBROBLASTS AND NEURO-2A CELLS BY A NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE ACYCLOVIR

Shaklawoon, Noura January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
2

Proposta de duas novas terapêuticas, extrato aquoso de Chrysobalanus icaco e rutina, em modelos experimentais de obesidade e resistência à insulina / Proposal of two new therapies, aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco and rutin, on experimental models of obesity and insulin resistance

White, Pollyanna Alves Secundo 13 August 2015 (has links)
Adiposity is a severe risk factor and it´s directly related to the development of several chronic diseases, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes. Numerous trials have been conducted to find and develop new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources to minimize adverse reactions associated with the present drugs used for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment. Researches conducted with the aqueous extract of Chrysobalanus icaco L (AECI) have demonstrated decrease in blood glucose levels and prevention of weight gain and fat accumulation in mice liver. The aim of this thesis was to develop new study basis for the development of new therapies and investigate the role of AECI and rutin in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The first chapter addresses the action of AECI on the adipose and glycemic profile of obese mice high-fat diet induced. To this end, a group of 34 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to standard chow or high-fat diet and and further treated with the AECI in two concentrations, 0,35 mg/mL e 0,7 mg/mL. Food intake, feed efficiency, metabolic efficiency, body weight, fat pads weight, serum lipid, fecal lipid excretion, locomotor activity and insulin and glucose sensitivity were evaluated at the end of the 14 weeks of experiment. Results showed that the AECI in the lower concentration increased locomotor activity (p<0.01) and lean mass (p<0.05), decreased fat mass gain (p<0.01), TG levels (p<0.05), and fecal lipid excretion (p<0.01), and normalized insulin (p<0.05) and glucose sensitivity (p<0.05). On the other hand, the AECI in the higher concentration increased food intake (p <0.0001 vs. SC SCA p <0.0001 vs. HFA2 HFD) and the feed efficiency (p <0.05 vs. SC SCA p <0.05 vs. HFA2 HFD), hindering the loss of the body fat and glucose homeostasis. These findings indicates that AECI in lower doses can prevent fat storage or enhance fat utilization, in part, due to the increase of locomotor activity, favoring the glucose homeostasis through the normalization of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. These effects may be related to the antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of the extract. The second chapter addresses the development of a model of insulin resistance TNF-α induced in neuron cells. In this study N2a were treated for 30 minutes with TNF-α, rutin or vehicle and then stimulated with insulin for 15 minutes. The protein lysate was extracted and total and p-Akt were measured, as well as total IkBα through Western blot. Results showed degradation of total IkBα protein in 64.2% (p<0.05) and significant decrease on p-Akt of 36.1% (p<0.001). The rutin, on the other hand, wasn´t able to prevent NF-κB activation, however, it tended to minimize the attenuation of Akt phosphorylation induced by the TNF- α. These findings indicates that TNF-α generated a N2a model of inflammation induced insulin resistance. Furthermore, rutin can contribute with the Akt activation reducing TNF- α damage in these cells. / A adiposidade é um grave fator de risco e está relacionada diretamente ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças crônicas, em especial a obesidade e o diabetes tipo 2. Diversas pesquisas têm sido conduzidas a fim de desenvolver novas drogas anti-obesidade por meio de fontes à base de plantas, favorecendo a minimização de reações adversas normalmente associadas às drogas mais comumente utilizadas. Estudos prévios com o extrato aquoso da Chrysobalanus icaco (AECI) demonstraram redução dos níveis de glicemia e prevenção do ganho de peso e acúmulo de gordura no fígado de camundongos. O objetivo dessa tese foi de desenvolver meios de estudo para o desenvolvimento de novas terapêuticas e investigar o papel do AECI e da rutina nos respectivos modelos de obesidade e resistência à insulina. O primeiro capítulo trata da ação do AECI no perfil adiposo e glicêmico de camundongos obesos induzidos por dieta hiperlipídica. Para isso, 34 camundongos C57BL/6J machos foram aleatoriamente designados à dieta padrão ou à dieta hiperlipídica e posteriormente tratados com o AECI em duas concentrações, 0,35 mg/mL e 0,7 mg/mL. Consumo, eficiência energética, eficiência metabólica, peso corpóreo, peso dos coxins adiposos, lipídios séricos, excreção fecal lipídica, atividade locomotora, sensibilidade à insulina e tolerância à glicose foram avaliados ao final do experimento. Os resultados mostraram que o AECI em sua menor concentração promoveu o aumento da atividade locomotora (p<0,01) e massa muscular (p<0,05), redução da massa adiposa (p<0,01), dos níveis de triglicérides sanguíneos (p<0.05) e excreção fecal de lipídios (p<0.01), e, normalizou a sensibilidade dos tecidos à ação da insulina (p<0.05) e tolerância à glicose (p<0.05). Por outro lado, o AECI em sua maior concentração promoveu aumento do consumo (p<0.0001 SCA vs SC e p<0.0001 HFA2 vs. HFD) e da eficiência energética (p<0.05 SCA vs SC e p<0.05 HFA2 vs. HFD), não favorecendo, dessa forma, à perda de gordura corporal e homeostase glicêmica. Esses achados indicam que o AECI, em concentrações menores, pode prevenir o armazenamento de gordura ou favorecer o gasto energético, em parte, por meio do aumento da atividade locomotora, promovendo também normalização da sensibilidade à ação da insulina e tolerância à glicose. Esses efeitos podem estar ligados à atividade antioxidante do extrato e seu conteúdo polifenólico. O segundo capítulo trata do desenvolvimento de um modelo de células neuronais resistentes à ação da insulina TNF-α induzida e investigação da ação da rutina sobre esse modelo. Neste trabalho células N2a foram tratadas com TNF-α, rutina ou veículo por 30 minutos e em seguida estimuladas com insulina ou veículo por 15 minutos. Foi extraído o lisato de proteínas e quantificada a Akt fosforilada e total, assim como a IkBα total por meio de Western blot. Os resultados mostraram degradação da proteína IkBα em 64.2% (p<0.05) e redução significativa da fosforilação da Akt em 36.1% (p<0.001) após estimulação com TNF-α. A rutina, por sua vez, não foi capaz de prevenir a ativação da via NF-κB, entretanto tendeu a minimizar a atenuação da fosforilação da Akt induzida pelo TNF-α. Esses dados indicam que o TNF-α gerou um modelo de resistência insulínica mediada por inflamação em células N2a. Ademais, a rutina pode contribuir com a ativação da via Akt na minimização dos dados causados pelo TNF-α.
3

\"Validação de um novo método de isolamento de vírus rábico - prevalência do vírus rábico em morcegos albergados no parque estadual intevales, estado de São Paulo: estudo comparativo entre duas metodologias\" / Prevalence study of the rabies virus in bats lodged in the rain forest: a comparative study of two methodologies

Nogueira, Yeda Lopes 31 October 2001 (has links)
O estudo de prevalência do vírus rábico foi realizado em uma amostra de morcegos capturados na Mata Atlântica da região sudeste do Brasil. Os morcegos são um dos principais reservatórios silvestres do vírus rábico. No Brasil existem aproximadamente 144 espécies de morcegos, e pouco se sabe sobre a circulação do vírus rábicos nessas espécies. Foram realizadas estimativas – com duas metodologias de isolamento - para detectar a presença do vírus rábico na população estudada. Os resultados foram obtidos pelo cruzamento entre a variável infectividade (presença de vírus rábico) e as variáveis epidemiológicas (espécies de morcegos, sexo, idade, local de captura ). Observou-se que o método de isolamento que utiliza as células McCoy isolou com maior facilidade vírus de morcegos insetívoros, além de apresentar maior capacidade de detectar a infecção na fase latente (subclínica). Já as células N2A foram mais eficientes na detecção do vírus rábico em morcegos hematófagos D. rotundus. As duas metodologias utilizadas apresentaram maior proporção de isolamento do vírus rábico em morcegos insetívoros, nectarívoros e fitófagos. Tais resultados sugerem que os morcegos insetívoros desempenham importante papel na manutenção do vírus no reservatório cuja população foi estudada. Também foi possível constatar que a circulação do vírus ocorre inter e intra-espécies, mas estudos especificamente desenhados para avaliar esse aspecto devem ser implementados. / The prevalence study of the rabies virus was carried out in a sample of bats captured in the Brazilian southeastern São Paulo. Bats are one of the main wild reservoirs of the rabies virus. Brazil holds 144 species of bats and little is know about the circulation of such virus in these species. Two metodologies were used for the estimates of the presence of the rabies virus in the captured in the Parque Estadual Intervales. The results were obtained crossing the variable (presence of rabies virus) with epidemiological variables (bat species, sex, age, site of capture). The McCoy cell line method proved isolating more easily the virus of insectivorous bats besides presenting more capability of detection of infection in the latent phase (sub-clinic phase). On the other hand the N2A cell line were more efficient in detecting the rabies virus in D. rotundus hematophagous bats. It was also observed that for both cells the insectivorous, nectarivorous and phytophagous bats presented higher rabies virus isolation proportion. These results suggest that insectivorous bats play in important role in the maintence of the virus in this reservoir. Although could also be observed that the circulation of the virus occurs intra and inter species, but studies specially designed to asses this issue must be re-evaluated.
4

\"Validação de um novo método de isolamento de vírus rábico - prevalência do vírus rábico em morcegos albergados no parque estadual intevales, estado de São Paulo: estudo comparativo entre duas metodologias\" / Prevalence study of the rabies virus in bats lodged in the rain forest: a comparative study of two methodologies

Yeda Lopes Nogueira 31 October 2001 (has links)
O estudo de prevalência do vírus rábico foi realizado em uma amostra de morcegos capturados na Mata Atlântica da região sudeste do Brasil. Os morcegos são um dos principais reservatórios silvestres do vírus rábico. No Brasil existem aproximadamente 144 espécies de morcegos, e pouco se sabe sobre a circulação do vírus rábicos nessas espécies. Foram realizadas estimativas – com duas metodologias de isolamento - para detectar a presença do vírus rábico na população estudada. Os resultados foram obtidos pelo cruzamento entre a variável infectividade (presença de vírus rábico) e as variáveis epidemiológicas (espécies de morcegos, sexo, idade, local de captura ). Observou-se que o método de isolamento que utiliza as células McCoy isolou com maior facilidade vírus de morcegos insetívoros, além de apresentar maior capacidade de detectar a infecção na fase latente (subclínica). Já as células N2A foram mais eficientes na detecção do vírus rábico em morcegos hematófagos D. rotundus. As duas metodologias utilizadas apresentaram maior proporção de isolamento do vírus rábico em morcegos insetívoros, nectarívoros e fitófagos. Tais resultados sugerem que os morcegos insetívoros desempenham importante papel na manutenção do vírus no reservatório cuja população foi estudada. Também foi possível constatar que a circulação do vírus ocorre inter e intra-espécies, mas estudos especificamente desenhados para avaliar esse aspecto devem ser implementados. / The prevalence study of the rabies virus was carried out in a sample of bats captured in the Brazilian southeastern São Paulo. Bats are one of the main wild reservoirs of the rabies virus. Brazil holds 144 species of bats and little is know about the circulation of such virus in these species. Two metodologies were used for the estimates of the presence of the rabies virus in the captured in the Parque Estadual Intervales. The results were obtained crossing the variable (presence of rabies virus) with epidemiological variables (bat species, sex, age, site of capture). The McCoy cell line method proved isolating more easily the virus of insectivorous bats besides presenting more capability of detection of infection in the latent phase (sub-clinic phase). On the other hand the N2A cell line were more efficient in detecting the rabies virus in D. rotundus hematophagous bats. It was also observed that for both cells the insectivorous, nectarivorous and phytophagous bats presented higher rabies virus isolation proportion. These results suggest that insectivorous bats play in important role in the maintence of the virus in this reservoir. Although could also be observed that the circulation of the virus occurs intra and inter species, but studies specially designed to asses this issue must be re-evaluated.
5

Le rôle du récepteur NOD-like, Nlrx1 dans la neuroprotection et la mort cellulaire / The role of the NOD-like receptor, Nlrx1 in neuroprotection and cell death

Imbeault, Emilie January 2015 (has links)
Résumé : La mort cellulaire neuronale est un phénomène qui se produit pendant le développement du cerveau, mais aussi dans les conditions pathologiques. Selon l’environnement où la cellule se retrouve; l’apoptose ou la nécrose peuvent contribuer à cette mort neuronale. La nécrose produit un environnement qui promeut l’inflammation ainsi que la cytotoxicité. L’apoptose est un processus hautement organisé qui permet l’homéostasie tissulaire. Un récepteur NOD récemment découvert, Nlrx1, jouerait un rôle dans la régulation de l’inflammation et de la mort cellulaire pendant les infections. Par conséquent, notre hypothèse suppose que Nlrx1 joue un rôle neuroprotecteur en contrôlant la mort neuronale. Afin de déterminer le mécanisme protecteur de Nlrx1 in vitro, un Knock-Down, un Knock-In et un témoin Scrambled de Nlrx1 dans les cellules N2a ont été générés. Des essais LDH de mort cellulaire avec la staurosporine ou le stress oxydatif comme la roténone, le MPP+ ou le H[indice inférieur 2]O[indice inférieur 2] ont été exécutés. Suite au traitement de 24 heures à la staurosporine, les cellules N2a Knock-In subissent plus de mort cellulaire que les cellules N2a Knock-Down et les cellules Scrambled. Quand ces cellules sont traitées à la roténone ou au H[indice inférieur 2]O[indice inférieur 2], les cellules Knock-In subissent moins de mort cellulaire que les cellules Scrambled. Les cellules N2a Knock-Down ont plus de mort cellulaire que les cellules Scrambled quand elles sont traitées à la roténone ou au MPP+. Les analyses par immunobuvardage de type Western des protéines HSP90 et HMGB1 ainsi que par cytométrie en flux ont montré que les cellules Knock-In ont moins de cellules nécrotiques lorsque traitées à la roténone comparé aux cellules contrôles Scrambled. Le ratio des cellules nécrotiques/cellules apoptotiques était aussi plus élevé dans les cellules Knock-Down comparé aux cellules Scrambled. Par microscopie électronique, il a été possible d’observer que les cellules N2a Knock-In contiennent plus de mitochondries que les cellules Knock-Down et Scrambled en conditions témoins. Ces résultats ont aussi été confirmés par marquage au mitotracker en cytométrie de flux L’immunobuvardage de type Western a montré que dans les cellules Knock-In, il y avait une augmentation de la protéine phosphorylée-DRP1 active, une protéine impliquée dans la fission mitochondriale. Ces résultats pourraient expliquer le nombre augmenté de mitochondries observé dans les cellules Knock-In. Des expériences d’immunoprécipitation ont montré une association entre Nlrx1 et DRP1, ainsi qu’avec la forme active phosphorylée de DRP1. En ajoutant le Mdivi, un inhibiteur de la fission mitochondriale, aux traitements de roténone ou H[indice inférieur 2]O[indice inférieur 2], la mort cellulaire était augmentée dans les cellules Knock-In comparé aux cellules Scrambled. Également, la nécrose était augmentée dans les cellules Knock-In à des niveaux semblables à ceux retrouvés chez les cellules Scrambled et Knock-Down. Ces résultats suggèrent que Nlrx1 serait impliquée dans la régulation de l’équilibre entre la nécrose et l’apoptose, en favorisant la survie cellulaire. Nlrx1 pourrait alors servir de molécule neuroprotectrice dans les maladies médiées par le stress oxydatif. / Abstract : Neuronal cell death is a phenomenon that occurs during brain development as well as in pathological diseases. Depending on the environment in which the cells are; a poptosis or necrosis can contribute to neuronal cell death. Necrosis produces an environment that promotes inflammation and cytotoxicity and apoptosis is a highly organized process that maintains tissue homeostasis. A recently discovered NOD receptor, Nlrx1, is thought to play a role in regulation of inflammation and cell death during infection. Therefore, we hypothesize that Nlrx1 plays a neuroprotective role by controlling cell death in neurons. To determine the protective mechanism of Nlrx1 in vitro, a Knock-Down, a Knock-In and a Scrambled control of Nlrx1 in N2a cells was generated. LDH assays for cell death detection with staurosporine or oxidative stress, such as rotenone, MPP+ or H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2], have been done. After 24h treatment of staurosporine, N2a Knock-In cells showed higher cell death than N2a Knock-Down and Scrambled. When cells were treated with rotenone or H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2], N2a Knock-In cells had less cell death than Scrambled cells. N2a Knock-Down cells resulted in more cell death than Scrambled cells when treated with rotenone or MPP+.Western Blotting of HSP90 and HMGB1 as well as flow cytometry of cell death demonstrated N2a Knock-In cells to have less necrotic cells when treated with rotenone compared to Scrambled. The ratio of necrotic cells on apoptotic cells was also higher in N2a Knock-Down cells compared to Scrambled cells. Electron microscopy of control cells showed that Knock-In cells contains more mitochondria than Knock-Down and Scrambled cells. These results were confirmed by mitotracker staining by flow cytometry. Western blotting showed that there was an increased in Knock-In cells of active phosphorylated-DRP1 protein, a protein implicated in mitochondrial fission. Thus, it could explain the increased number of mitochondria seen in Knock-In cells. Immunoprecipitation showed that Nlrx1 protein interacts with DRP1 as well as active phosphorylated-DRP1. Adding Mdivi, a mitochondrial fission inhibitor, to rotenone or H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2] treatments, cell death was increased in Knock-In cells compared to Scrambled. Also, necrosis was also augmented in Knock-In cells to levels comparable to Scramble and Knoc k-Down cells. These results suggest an implication for Nlrx1 in regulating the balance of necrosis to apoptosis, permitting cells to survive. Nlrx1 could serve as a neuroprotective molecule in diseases mediated by oxidative stress.
6

The Role of N2A and N2B Titin Isoforms in Muscle Cell Development

Nyaboke, Roseline, Nyaboke 23 August 2016 (has links)
No description available.
7

An Interdisciplinary Study of SARS-CoV2’s and Post-COVID-19Syndrome: Cellular and Clinical Considerations

Singh, Aditi 15 May 2023 (has links)
No description available.

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