This thesis focuses on the impact of the notion of holiness of nature in ancient Greek thought and its reflection on urbanism and architecture with respect to the transformations that took place during the archaic period. The archaic period represented most fundamentally a shift from an era where everything was on the move to an era of territorialism which culminated in the establishment of the polis and the Greek temple. This shift was prominent in the sense that it pointed not only to a basic modification in the lifestyle of Greeks / but also to the formation of Greek identity as opposed to that of foreigners. In this respect, the thesis first concentrates on the foundation of the polis, followed by the emergence of the temple and lastly the orders of the columns. Doing so, it is aimed to analyze the transformation concerning the understanding of nature which was engendered by the Greek territorialist expansion and its effect on Greek urbanism and architecture.

The existence of two baths, if not more, in Roman Ankara reveals that a considerable amount of water was needed at least for the working of these baths. However, how and from where this water was supplied is not so clear because of the lack of both archaeological and historical evidence. In this regard, by bringing together all the archaeological data so far discovered and the available published information regarding the water supply scheme in order to see all this data collectively in a single picture, this thesis tries to investigate how and from where the water was supplied to Roman Ankara. In addition, this thesis reviews the available water potential of Ankara considering geography and hydrology of the site and also contains an analysis of how water was supplied in the more recent history of the city which is believed to contain invaluable information regarding the ancient water supply scheme of the city especially when the archaeological data is very scarce.

Almost all the sources on modernism originate material transformations in Western world to industrial revolution while mental ones to enlightenment. In all these narrations, technology, engineering, and modernism are considered as correlated. Besides these concepts, the everyday life rituals that were naturally constructed in the historical process also strengthen this attitude. Then, what are the meanings of the same concepts in a country that experience a reverse process instead of the modernization through industrialization? How new technologies had adapted to local circumstances of an unindustrialized country? While having these questions in mind, this study intends to identify the role of engineer and to reflect on the importance of technology on Turkish modernization project, hence, this dissertation is an historical inquiry into the role played by new building technologies and civil engineering. It covers a broad period extending from late Ottoman to 1960. Among many prestigious building types of engineering such as silos, dams, harbors, factories, railroad etc. that also became popular representations of development, prosperity and modernity, the bridges have been focused on with a particular emphasis because of both their importance for engineering and construction of transportation networks.

This dissertation examines five wooden hypostyle mosques built in Anatolia during the second half of the seventh/thirteenth century: the Sahip Ata Cami in Konya (656/1258) / the Ulu Camis of Afyon (671/1272) and Sivrihisar (673/1274-75) / the Ahi Serefettin Cami in Ankara (689/1289-90) / and the Esrefoglu Cami in Beysehir (696-698/1296-99). It aims primarily to explain how the condition of suzerainty prevailing after the Mongol Conquest in 641/1243 lead to the introduction of a new, wooden type of construction and caused it to proliferate. The dissertation employs a cultural-mode-of-production analysis to understand the circumstances of the type&rsquo / s introduction, with special emphasis on the place of wood in Islamic sacred building, the crisis of Islam after the Conquest, the cultural parameters of Seljuk patronage and the character of Mongol suzerainty.

This thesis aims to analyze the role of railways and railway stations in the construction of the capital city of an industrial empire with reference to the concept of &ldquo / territorialization.&rdquo / The main case is Russia, where the geographical factors are prominent in the creation of the economic, political, social and cultural structure of the country / and the focus of analysis is the city of Moscow, which acted as the center of this structure as connected to its territory by a developed system of railways. The continuous processes of &ldquo / territorialization&rdquo / , &ldquo / deterritorialization&rdquo / and &ldquo / reterritorialization&rdquo / of the Eurasian continent by Russians and the associated nations form the basic spatial backstage of this study. The built environment as basically materialized in the capital city, which serves as the control center of territoriality, and the way how human territoriality in the country and within the capital city are interrelated, are the key issues to be investigated. In this context railways emerged as new media for territorialization in the age of industry. In this study the Russian railways and the Moscow railway stations are analyzed in their positions in the territorial configuration of industrial Russia form the mid-nineteenth century onwards. Moscow as a leading industrial as well as historical and cultural center, was not the capital city when the country introduced the rapid construction of railway network and station buildings. In this study it is claimed that the rise of Moscow to become the capital city is, thus, related with its becoming the center of the Russian railway network.

Today, computers enabled architects to represent their ideas in a fast and more efficient way compared to making drawings by hand. It enabled architects to visualize their ideas in a way that hand drawings cannot. This thesis is an attempt to make digital reconstructions to provide the visual experiences of the ancient city Aphrodisias in western Asia Minor and its temple dedicated to divine emperors known as the Sebasteion of Aphrodisias. Its aim is to show that by using common architectural softwares one can overcome the possible problems of graphic representations in the history of architecture. Moreover, this study focuses not only on the interpretations of the data at hand but also demonstrates how the missing information defines and shapes the digital models in order to convey the meaning of the buildings.

The history and ideology of preservation increasingly arouse interest in parallel with the rising importance of the cultural heritage and preserving it. Hagia Sophia is one of the monuments that comes to mind immediately when the cultural heritage of Turkey is mentioned. Both as a Byzantine and an Ottoman ecclesiastical and imperial monument, Hagia Sophia bears political and religious importance besides its artistic and architectural uniqueness, 1500 years after its construction. This study aims to expose the change in the official attitudes towards preserving antiquities in the transition period from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic, through examining the ideological and physical approaches to Hagia Sophia. In the Late Ottoman Period important leaps about two important components of cultural life, museology and archeology, were realized in terms of both preservation and exposition of the antiquities, besides the political, economical and judicial changes. Thus, the emergence of museological and archeological studies and related legislations in the Late Ottoman Empire Period and their development in the Early Republican Period are examined chronologically in this study. The reasons behind the changes in the usage of Hagia Sophia, from a church to a mosque and then to a museum, are researched in order to understand the ideology of the adaptive re-use and its results while evaluating the impact and meaning of the afterlives. The selected time period is very critical because the changes occurring in the social and political life of the country, together with the change of the ruling power, paved the way for the present situation in Turkey.

The subject of this thesis study is &Ccedil / ukur Hamam, one of the remarkable edifices in Birgi town in &Ouml / demis district of Izmir. The aim of the study is to create a restoration project for &Ccedil / ukur Hamam to provide its survival by integrating its neighbourhood to the social life of the city. During the study the edifice and its periphery was documented carefully by using 3D Laser Scanner. In the historical and comparative study the original status of the edifice was researched. With respect to the data gathered from the studies, a restoration project which includes the intervention decisions for the conservation of the physical condition and authentic elements of the edifice.

The aim of the thesis is to investigate the standing of Olympic victor statues in Greece and Rome. The major focus is on how the meaning and the perception of the statues become transformed in different contexts. Throughout the study the reception alongside the location and meaning of athletic sculpture are primary points of concern. The standing of the patron and the viewer with respect to transformed models and their perception in relation to context constitute a significant part while formal details of artistic creativity and workmanship are dealt with only as necessary. It is known that Roman victor sculptures go back to Greek models / however remarkable change is revealed in the context and meaning of display &ndash / such as the emergence of statues for the decoration of private villas or public baths &ndash / rather than major stylistic changes in the statues themselves. So, the goal of the study is to understand how the Romans looked to the past and to Greeks in particular. An attempt is made to understand how Romans used their own values to appropriate and transform earlier Greek models, by focusing especially on the display and context.

This thesis reviews the architectural context of four churches in western Cilicia. These churches, namely the East Church at Alahan, the Cupola Church at Meryemlik, the Domed Ambulatory Church at Dagpazari, and the Tomb Church at Corycus, have been tentatively grouped by Stephen Hill under the name of Domed Basilicas based on their resemblance to the early 6th century models in Constantinople, the most famous being the Hagia Sophia. However, the dome comes forward in the Constantinopolitan context mainly as a feature in the establishment of a new architectural scheme that integrates a vertical axis into the oblong horizontal axiality of the basilica. Firstly, this thesis suggests that a similar integration visible in the planning of the Cilician churches is the essential point that needs to be studied. This seems to have been ignored by previous research. Consequently, the analytical approach that has concentrated on the possibility of a dome is criticized and a spatial interpretation is attempted. Moreover, as some scholars propose, these provincial examples might be the possible source of influence for the capital, if they are a local model dated to the end of the 5th century. Thus, issues pertaining to function, dating and patronage are overviewed, in order to obtain a wider perspective of interpretation. Finally, the general information concerning the Cilician examples was found to be based on surprisingly scanty and unverifiable physical testimony which points to the urgency and necessity of further fieldwork.