The recent establishment of an impressive network of national parks within first the Soviet Union and then post-Soviet Russia can be viewed as representative of ongoing shifts in relationships between valuations of nature and of societal organization and empowerment. With dissipation of the country's centralized administrative structures, the designation of national parks has repeatedly been used to support regional claims to territorial autonomy under the auspices of environmental protection. Site selection, however, has been motivated primarily by attachments to the specifics of place and attendant proclamations of self-identity rather than to normative ecological or recreational national park criteria. As a consequence, Russian national parks embrace complex matrices of historical, cultural and natural landscape characteristics reflective of their respective constituencies. Appearing first in the outlying Republics, the national park formation process diffused inwards to the Russian heartland and eastwards into Siberia. This sequential development, not by chance, has mirrored the devolution of Soviet sovereignty and the deconstruction of its empire. Two national parks, Pribaikalski and Zabaikalski in the Lake Baikal region of south-central Siberia, have served as primary research sites for examining the validity of the above concepts and for observing and analyzing the processes involved. To maximize informational and perceptual access and to study site/societal interactions, a variety of constituencies have been incorporated into the study through extensive multitiered participatory roles. At an operational level, these activities have emphasized international agency/NGO consultancies, the development of a park-directed, village-based ecotourism program and the founding of a wider-ranging “Friends of the National Parks Society.” Research results have supported the contention that Russian national parks are primarily a product of regional socio-political forces intent on preserving representative natural/cultural landscapes rather than the result of centralized decision-making processes prioritizing recreation, education, or biodiversity objectives. Given the persistence of societal flux, the sites will continue to be highly susceptible to the influences of stakeholder/constituency interests and empowered individuals. / Graduate

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to explore the innovation of military service, and to find a system which not only meet the requirement of military establishment but defend the national security. The research adopts the comparative method and the document analysis method to analyze and compare the profile and characteristics of the service systems in the United States, Israel, Britain, and Germany. This study is expected to meet the needs of the armed forces for the future service system by applying the result. The results argue that the innovation of military service is the trend. Therefore, it is recommended that Taiwan take the mixed volunteer system, i.e., volunteer first, conscription aided, to maintain certain Taiwan military force in preventing the invasion from the mainland China. Thus, professional forces should be established, the quota of technology substitute service should be increased, and researchers should be cultivated, thus substantially promoting national defense forces. In addition, to comply with the principles of sexual equality and justice, and to meet the requirements of national defense, increasing the female service is also an important consideration and worthy of further studies for the future military service.

Finland has made considerable advances in generating a coordinated national innovation system and building its national technology strengths. According to Castells (2000), Finland has established itself as the first true information society, with one website per person, internet access in 100 % of school, a computer literacy campaign for adults, the largest diffusion of computer power and mobile telephone in the world, and a globally competitive information technology industry, spearheaded by Nokia. The purpose of this thesis is to study and define the high frequency of consultation, deliberation and effective linkage creation between Finnish Government, education system, research institutes and industry. The process begins with the recognition that in the knowledge-based economy, knowledge can be fostered to produce economic benefits and national wealth. The result of the thesis found that not only basic components like government, education system, research institutes, and industry, but also outside components, like international cooperation, human resource and culture, play very important roles while investigating the factors which help to facilitate and enforce Finland to develop its information society and national technology strength.

The Artical is about gender issue of nationalism.

Diss.--Universität Mannheim, 2002. / Bibliogr. p. 375-397. Index.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Lyman Miller. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Photocopy of transcript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1976. / Bibliography: leaves 313-326. / Microfiche. / vi, 326 leaves

Thesis (B.A.(Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Centre for Asian Studies, 2002? / Bibliography: leaves 52-56.