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Syftet med den här studien var att öka kunskapen om olika sätt förskollärare arbetar på när det kommer till det enskilda barnets inflytande och delaktighet i samband med omfattande gruppaktiviteter inom naturvetenskap. Jag valde att använda mig av kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna genomfördes med sex förskollärare på samma förskola. Resultatet visar att förskollärarna anpassar aktiviteten efter gruppstorleken, ser till att det finns en vuxen i närheten av barnet samt utgår från individens intressen för att tillmötesgå individen. I studien framkommer även att förskollärarna upplever svårigheter med att bemöta barnet som är kopplade till barngruppens storlek, miljön samt deras egna kunskaper i ämnet. / The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge of how the preschool teachers work when it comes to the individual child’s influence and participation in comprehensive group activites in science. I used a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with six preshool techers at one preschool. The study shows that the preschool teachers think it is important that all children should be seen based on their conditions and needs. To accommodate to the individual child it appears that the preeschool teachers choose activities suitable to the size of the group, make sure there is an adult near the child and assume the interests of the individual child. The study also found that the preschool teachers’ experienced difficulties in responding to the child related to the size of the child group, the environment and their own knowledge of the subject.

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Sojdmyr is a small wetland located 3 km east of Lina mire in eastern Gotland, Sweden, in an area highly affected by shoreline displacement. Archaeologists believe Lina mire was once part of a major inland water system used for commerce, and signs from several cultures around the Baltic Sea have been found in the area. This study aims to investigate the vegetational changes in the Sojdmyr area from about 4000 cal BP to the present, as well as discussing the human impacts that have contributed to these changes. Methods used have been pollen analysis, charcoal fragment counting and interpretation of the stratigraphy. The core was dated by correlation the results with other studies from Gotland. From the start of the Bronze Age, ca 4000–3000 cal BP, Sojdmyr was a freshwater lake. The vegetation in the landscape was open, with high presence of thermophilous taxa such as oak and elm and indications of pastoral land use. From the late Bronze Age to the Roman Iron Age (ca 3000–2000 cal BP) the mire Sojdmyr was characterized by fen peat. The thermophilous taxadropped quickly in abundance, whilst taxa more tolerate to cold conditions increased and the area became less open. From the Roman Iron Age (2000–1550 cal BP) to the present, Sojdmyr has changed intermittently between shallow freshwater lake and wetland conditions. According to the pollen analysis the first sign of cultivation in the area appeared with the introduction of rye during the Roman Iron Age, soon followed by barley at approximately ca 1500 cal BP. From the Iron Age to modern times the vegetation in the area became more open with signs of both agriculture and pastoral lands. The pollen record from Sojdmyr suggests that the land use in the area has been affected by shifts in climate during the Migration and Vendel Periods and the Little Ice Age.

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The fishing industry is a very important source of food and will be also used in the future. Therefore it is essential to study the impact of fishery on marine mammals. Whales (cetaceans) interact with fishing vessels because the catch is easy prey for them. Cetaceans are caught everyday as bycatch and often get entangled in fishing gear. The result could be starvation, drowning or infection of the cetacean. This study focused on injuries on dorsal fins on orcas occurring in Norwegian waters. In Norway, Tiu Similä, Sanna Kuningas and Norwegian Orca Survey have taken pictures and matched these to an ID-catalogue of orcas. This ID-catalogue was used in this study. 842 pictures of individuals were categorized by the size of the injury on the dorsal fin and the location of the nicks. Percent of total amount of injured males and females/subadults was estimated. Females and subadults were grouped together because of the difficulties of distinguishing the subadults from the females. 34% of the females/subadults and 54% of the males had nicks on their dorsal fins. The amount of damaged fins was 2% in females/subadults and 4% in males. This result was expected as my theory was that orca males swim closer to fishing boats, than females/subadults do. The most common location of the nicks was the upper hind part. It might be because that is the thinnest part of the dorsal fin.