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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Action potentials as indicators of metabolic perturbations for temporal proteomic analysis

Kolli, Aditya Reddy 01 January 2014 (has links)
The single largest cause of compound attrition during drug development is due to inadequate tools capable of predicting and identifying protein interactions. Several tools have been developed to explore how a compound interferes with specific pathways. However, these tools lack the potential to chronically monitor the time dependent temporal changes in complex biochemical networks, thus limiting our ability to identify possible secondary signaling pathways that could lead to potential toxicity. To overcome this, we have developed an in silico neuronal-metabolic model by coupling the membrane electrical activity to intracellular biochemical pathways that would enable us to perform non-invasive temporal proteomics. This model is capable of predicting and correlating the changes in cellular signaling, metabolic networks and action potential responses to metabolic perturbation. The neuronal-metabolic model was experimentally validated by performing biochemical and electrophysiological measurements on NG108-15 cells followed by testing its prediction capabilities for pathway analysis. The model accurately predicted the changes in neuronal action potentials and the changes in intracellular biochemical pathways when exposed to metabolic perturbations. NG108-15 cells showed a large effect upon exposure to 2DG compared to cyanide and malonate as these cells have elevated glycolysis. A combinational treatment of 2DG, cyanide and malonate had a much higher and faster effect on the cells. A time-dependent change in neuronal action potentials occurred based on the inhibited pathway. We conclude that the experimentally validated in silico model accurately predicts the changes in neuronal action potential shapes and proteins activities to perturbations, and would be a powerful tool for performing proteomics facilitating drug discovery by using action potential peak shape analysis to determine pathway perturbation from an administered compound.
2

Implication des protéines kinases C dans la signalisation cellulaire du récepteur AT[indice inférieur 2] de l'angiotensine II

Beaudry, Hélène January 2006 (has links)
Dans notre laboratoire, des études antérieures ont montré que la stimulation du récepteur AT[indice inférieur 2] par l'angiotensine II menait à l'activation des p42/p44[indice supérieur MAPK] (GENDRON et al., 1999) par une voie impliquant les protéines Rapt et B-Raf chez les cellules NG108-15 (GENDRON et al., 2003a) et que cette voie était nécessaire à l'élongation neuritique. Parallèlement à l'activation de la voie MAPK, il a été montré que le R-AT[indice inférieur 2] active la voie NOS/GCs/GMPc (GENDRON et al., 2002). Puisqu'il est connu que les protéines kinases C (PKC) participent à la différenciation neuronale dans certains types cellulaires, le but de mon travail a été de déterminer si les PKC pouvaient participer aux mécanismes initiaux menant à l'activation des voies précédemment décrites. Nos résultats indiquent que les isoformes [alpha], [epsilon], [iota] et [zéta] sont exprimées dans cette lignée cellulaire et que l'inhibiteur de PKC[alpha], le Gö6976, induit une élongation neuritique importante en plus d'une diminution de la prolifération. Lors de traitements courts avec l'Ang II, nos données indiquent qu'il y a translocation de PKC[alpha] de la membrane plasmique à la fraction soluble, entraînant ainsi son inactivation. De plus, le traitement des cellules avec le Gö6976 provoque l'inhibition de p21[indice supérieur ras] mais active Rap1 de façon similaire à l'Ang II. Par contre, l'inhibition de PKC[alpha] n'a pas d'effet sur la capacité de l'Ang II à activer les p42/p44 MAPK . L'ensemble de ces résultats indique que PKC[alpha] serait en amont de la cascade de signalisation des p42/p44[indice supérieur MAPK]. Ainsi, l'inhibition de PKC[alpha] mène à la diminution de l'activité de p21 ras et de la prolifération cellulaire, ce qui pourrait contribuer à favoriser l'activation de la voie menant à p42/p44[indice supérieur MAPK] et l'élongation neuritique. Les isoformes PKC[epsilon], et PKC[zéta] seraient impliquées dans des processus différents de PKC[alpha] puisque l'utilisation d'inhibiteurs pharmacologiques sélectifs, soit le Gö6983 (inhibe PKC[alpha] et PKC[zéta] ou le GF109203X (inhibe PKC[alpha] et PKC[epsilon]), a montré qu'ils induisent l'élongation neuritique de façon similaire à l'Ang II ou l'inhibiteur de PKC[alpha]. En conditions basales, PKC[zéta] est associée à l'actine tandis que l'activation du récepteur AT[indice inférieur 2] cause sa relocalisation dans le cytosol. Il pourrait s'agir d'un mécanisme de régulation de la polymérisation de l'actine. Pour sa part, l'isoforme [epsilon] semble impliquée dans la production de GMPc induite par le R-AT[indice inférieur 2]. De plus, la différenciation des cellules avec un traitement de 3 jours avec l'Ang II augmente l'association de PKC[epsilon] avec les microtubules. Cette isoforme pourrait être utile à la régulation de la ramification neuritique des cellules NG108-15. Ces résultats indiquent que les PKC sont impliquées dans la physiologie des cellules NG108-15, chacune ayant un rôle précis et distinct à jouer.
3

Applications of micro-3D printing to microfluidic cell dosing

Robinson, Michael Mayes 16 September 2014 (has links)
Cellular growth, development, differentiation, and death are mediated to some degree by the interaction of soluble factors with plasma membrane receptors. Traditionally the cellular response to chemical cues has been studied by exposing entire culture dishes to a desired reagent. While the addition of soluble reagents homogenously to cell culture dishes provides a basis for understanding much of cell biology, greater spatial resolution of reagent delivery is necessary in order to elucidate mechanisms on the subcellular scale. This dissertation explores techniques that may improve the quality and precision of delivering soluble factors to cultured cells in order to better understand the complex processes of cell biology. These advancements were made possible by applying high intensity, focused laser light to soluble materials to achieve microscopic three-dimensional (µ-3D) printing. In combination with a previously developed microfluidic cell dosing platform, microstructures were designed and µ-3D printed to hydrodynamically focus reagent streams for cell dosing. Structures were also µ-3D printed within micrometers of living cells from a solution of gelatin and bovine serum albumin with minimal cytotoxicity. When µ-3D printed, these proteins displayed both temperature and pH-responsive properties. In order to allow for on-the-fly control of reagent stream size and temporal pulse width, microstructures were µ-3D printed from temperature-responsive N- isoproplyacrylamide. To further improve the temporal resolution of the system, a technique for cycling between reagents with millisecond exchange times using laminar flow microfluidics was developed. The utility of these techniques was demonstrated by staining rat Schwann cells and mouse neuroblastoma rat glioma hybrid cells (NG108-15) with focused streams of fluorescent dyes. These advancements may allow future experiments to determine the placement of soluble factors necessary for bacterial quorum sensing or stem cell differentiation. / text

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