Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 D45 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 E32 / Master of Science

With the current trends in integrated management of childhood diseases in developing countries, it is important to resolve the controversies of coinfections between helminths and malaria, and properly evaluate the epidemiology of diarrhegenic parasites with molecular study, which sometimes cause overlapping infections. Again, the major challenge facing the global success of mass deworming initiative aimed at controlling helminths is lack of sustainability due to limited donor funds. We therefore decided to evaluate the effectiveness of a school based deworming program using only the school teachers without spending money on training and logistics. Demographic information, height and weight were measured and stool samples were collected from pupils in a semi-rural area of Nigeria during the initial visit by the study team. Malaria cases were recorded over a 3 month malaria transmission period prior to stool sampling. Four hundred and seventy six (33%) of the study population was infected with one Soil transmitted helminth (STH) or the other, especially with Askaris lumbricoides (26.0%) and Hookworm (8.4%). We found a negative association between malaria and STH in this community. Helminth infection rate of 18.3% was observed in children with malaria compared to 34.4% in controls. We also found a high carriage rate of Giardia (37.2%), low Cryptosporidium (1%) and no E. histolytica infection contrary to previous studies that were based on traditional diagnostic techniques. There was 7.9% reduction in the number children with low weight-for-age in the helminth infected children at 6 months after mass deworming, the number of uninfected children with low weight-for-age also reduced by 3.2%. There was also a reduction in the number of children with more than 25% absenteeism among both helminth infected (13.9%) as well as uninfected (7.2%). The association between malaria and STH in our study calls for the need for integrated approach to health problem in Africa instead of the common vertical campaigns. Results from our molecular study also shows the need to strengthen collaborations between researchers from developed and developing countries to be able to map out the true epidemiology of these parasites and hopefully produce novel, inexpensive diagnostics that circumvent the need for advance technological infrastructure

The study investigated the effectiveness of Problem-based learning (PBL) in the Further Mathematics classrooms in Nigeria within the blueprint of pre-test-post-test non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The target population consisted of all Further Mathematics students in the Senior Secondary School year one in Ijebu division of Ogun State, Nigeria. Using purposive and simple random sampling techniques, two schools were selected from eight schools that were taking Further Mathematics. One school was randomly assigned as the experimental while the other as the control school. Intact classes were used and in all, 96 students participated in the study (42 in the experimental group taught by the researcher with the PBL and 54 in the control group taught by the regular Further Mathematics teacher using the Traditional Method (TM)). Four research questions and four research hypotheses were raised, answered, and tested in the study. Four research instruments namely pre-test manipulated at two levels: Researcher-Designed Test (RDT) (r = 0.87) and Teacher- Made Test (TMT) (r = 0.88); post-test manipulated at two levels: RDT and TMT; pre-treatment survey of Students Beliefs about Further Mathematics Questionnaire (SBFMQ) (r = 0.86); and post-treatment survey of SBFMQ were developed for the study. The study lasted thirteen weeks (three weeks for pilot study and ten weeks for main study) and data collected were analysed using Mean, Standard deviation, Independent Samples t-test statistic, and Analysis of Variance. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the mean post-test achievement scores on TMT (t=-3.58, p<0.05), mean post-test achievement scores on RDT (t=-5.92, p<0.05) and mean post-treatment scores on SBFMQ (t=-6.22, p<0.05) between students exposed to the PBL and those exposed to the TM, all in favour of the PBL group. Results also revealed that there was statistically significant difference in the post-test achievement scores on TMT at knowledge (t= -23.97, p<0.05) and application (t= -11.41, p<0.05) but not at comprehension (t= -0.50, p>0.05, ns) levels of cognition between students exposed to the PBL and the TM. Based on the results, the study recommended that the PBL should be adopted as alternative instructional strategy to the TM in enhancing meaningful learning in Further Mathematics classrooms and efforts should be made to integrate the philosophy of PBL into the pre-service teachers’ curriculum at the teacher-preparation institutions in Nigeria. / Science and Technology Education / D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)

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The purpose of this study is to describe the historical development of secondary education in Eastern Nigeria, taking into consideration the following periods: (1). before the coming of the British, (2) from 1842 to 1960 when Nigeria received her independence from Britain, and (3) from 1960 to 1986. The period between 1960 and 1986 is further subdivided into (a) 1960 to 1967 when the civil war began, (b) 1967 to 1970 when the civil war ended, and (c) the post-civil war era—1970 to 1986.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts of International Relations in the Faculty of Humanities Department of International Relations, Johannesburg 2017 / The growing role of Private Military Companies (P.M.C) has led to a magnitude of security concerns internationally. Due to their past reputation, P.M.Cs have been demonised by the international community in the form of scholars as well as journalists, as their personnel have been misunderstood for mercenaries (De Nevers 2009). It is therefore important to clarify the difference between contractors and mercenaries. However due to the growth of different actors and security threats, Private Military Companies have emerged as an effective alternative solution in engaging non-traditional threats in the international arena, a role states have increasingly failed in. Private Military Companies have become more successful in applying counterinsurgency tactics due to their structural setup, skills and expertise as well as technological advancement and understanding of warfare. This has led to an increase in reliance from states including the United States, Angola, and more recently Nigeria. Through the examination of the Nigerian case study, the thesis paper aims to understand how the P.M.C (S.T.T.E.P) was able to apply its COIN tactics effectively in combating Boko Haram. It is important to examine the Nigerian case study as P.M.C success could possibly be used to combat the proliferation of terrorist manoeuvres such as Al-Shabaab. The Nigerian case is also important as it displays how S.T.T.E.P working together with the N.D.F could strengthen their COIN campaign against Boko Haram. / XL2018

D. Tech. Drama / Environmental degradation and climate change are issues of significant global interest in the twenty first century. Though there is widespread acknowledgment that natural disasters often stem from causes and foundations which may be difficult to explain, scientific evidence is beginning to emerge of human influence on global climate change and ecosystem destabilization. Development and environmental studies researchers are of the opinion that solutions to environmental problems also require input from social science and the humanities because the environment itself is naturally subject to sociological variables, especially in the interaction between people and the environment. A multi-disciplinary approach for engaging environmental issues has given rise to environmental humanities and other applied disciplinary perspectives. There is global concern about environmental issues and their impact on development, however in the field of communication and applied media there is inadequate amplification of how the environmental problems hamper the development of many societies, especially in developing countries. The mainstream media is the established communication network for environmental and other education campaigns, such as radio, television, and newspapers, yet its impact appears stifled by the absence of cultural relatability and participatory requirements. Development communication researchers have determined there is an opportunity to use alternative media channels and a participatory form of communication which is effective at sensitisation and conscientisation of the populace, especially indigenous peoples in rural locations, towards environmental issues. The dramatic arts have been identified as a creative and strategic communication field capable of addressing this problem in environmental communication and development advocacy. This research explores the role of theatre and performance in integrating cultural resources through communal interaction, education and social change. The accessing of the catalytic role of cultural resources in development communication using theatre is tested in a local context involving people-led participatory activities for creating awareness about the environment. This research is therefore an assessment of a practical applied theatre exercise for mitigating environmental problems.

No description available.

No description available.