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Multi-criteria assessment of wave and tidal power along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern USADefne, Zafer 11 January 2010 (has links)
The increasing demand for energy and the increased depletion rate of nonrenewable energy resources call for research on renewable alternatives. Mapping the availability of these resources is an important step for development of energy conversion projects. For this purpose, the wave power potential along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern USA, and the tidal stream power along the coast of Georgia are investigated in this study. Wave power potential is studied in an area bounded by latitudes 27 N and 38 N and longitudes 82 W and 72 W (i.e. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida). The available data from National Data Buoy Center wave stations in the given area are examined. Power calculated from hourly significant wave heights and average wave periods is compared to power calculated using spectral wave energy density. The mean power within 50 km of the shore is determined to be low, whereas higher power is available further offshore beyond the 3500 m contour line. The tidal stream power potential along the coast of the state of Georgia is evaluated based on the NOAA tidal predictions for maximum tidal currents and three dimensional numerical modeling of the currents with Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The modeling results are validated against the available measurements. This region has low to moderate average tidal currents along most of the coast, but with the possibility of very strong local currents within its complex network of tidal rivers and inlets between barrier islands. Tidal stream power extraction is simulated with a momentum sink in the numerical models at the estuary scale to investigate effect of power extraction on the estuarine hydrodynamics. It is found that different power extraction schemes might have counterintuitive effects on the estuarial hydrodynamics and the extraction efficiency. A multi-criteria method that accounts for the physical, environmental and socioeconomic constraints for tidal power conversion schemes is proposed to select favorable locations and to rank them according to their suitability. For this purpose, the model results are incorporated into a Geographical Information System (GIS) database together with other geospatial datasets relevant to the site selection methodology. The methodology is applied to the Georgia coast and the candidate areas with potential are marked.
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Coco-power : exploring copra-derived biodiesel for grid connected electricity in Vanuatu : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography /Hewitt, Timothy George. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--Victoria University of Wellington, [2008] / Includes bibliographical references.
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Hydrothermal growth and characterization of titanium dioxide nanostructures for use in dye sensitized solar cellsSorge, Judith D., January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-172).
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Hydrogen infrastructure: resource evaluation and capacity modelingMartin, Kevin Braun, January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed December 15, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-80).
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On some issues of integrating distributed generations in the smart gridLin, Yufeng, 林宇锋 January 2010 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Optimal dispatch and management for smart power gridLiu, Kai, 劉愷 January 2011 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Optimal planning and management of stochastic demand and renewable energy in smart power gridNg, Kwok-kei, Simon, 吳國基 January 2012 (has links)
To combat global climate change, the reduction of carbon emissions in different industries, particularly the power industry, has been gradually moving towards a low-carbon profile to alleviate any irreversible damage to the planet and our future generations. Traditional fossil-fuel-based generation is slowly replaced by more renewable energy generation while it can be harnessed. However, renewables such as solar and wind are stochastic in nature and difficult to predict accurately. With the increasing content of renewables, there is also an increasing challenge to the planning and operation of the grid.
With the rapid deployment of smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), an emerging approach is to schedule controllable end-use devices to improve energy efficiency. Real-time pricing signals combined with this approach can potentially deliver more economic and environmental advantages compared with the existing common flat tariffs. Motivated by this, the thesis presents an automatic and optimal load scheduling framework to help balance intermittent renewables via the demand side.
A bi-level consumer-utility optimization model is proposed to take marginal price signals and wind power into account. The impact of wind uncertainty is formulated in three different ways, namely deterministic value, scenario analysis, and cumulative distributions function, to provide a comprehensive modeling of unpredictable wind energy. To solve the problem in off-the-shelf optimization software, the proposed non-linear bi-level model is converted into an equivalent single-level mixed integer linear programming problem using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions and linearization techniques. Numerical examples show that the proposed model is able to achieve the dual goals of minimizing the consumer payment as well as improving system conditions. The ultimate goal of this work is to provide a tool for utilities to consider the demand response model into their market-clearing procedure.
As high penetration of distributed renewable energy resources are most likely applied to remote or stand-alone systems, planning such systems with uncertainties in both generation and demand sides is needed. As such, a three-level probabilistic sizing methodology is developed to obtain a practical sizing result for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system. The first-level consists of three modules: 1) load demand, 2) renewable resources, and 3) system components, which comprise the fundamental elements of sizing the system. The second-level consists of various models, such as a Markov chain solar radiation model and a stochastic load simulator. The third-level combines reliability indices with an annualized cost of system to form a new objective function, which can simultaneously consider both system cost and reliability based on a chronological Monte Carlo simulation and particle swamp optimization approach. The simulation results are then tested and verified in a smart grid laboratory at the University of Hong Kong to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model.
In summary, this thesis has developed a comprehensive framework of demand response on variable end-use consumptions with stochastic generation from renewables while optimizing both reliability and cost. Smart grid technologies, such as renewables, microgrid, storage, load signature, and demand response, have been extensively studied and interactively modeled to provide more intelligent planning and management for the smart grid. / published_or_final_version / Electrical and Electronic Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Rotational motion of pendula systems for wave energy extractionHorton, Bryan January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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Economic analysis of wind and solar energy sources of TurkeyErturk, Mehmet 13 July 2011 (has links)
Renewable energy sources have become very popular in the last years in
electricity generation thanks to the technological developments, the increase in the price
of fossil fuels and the environmental concerns. These factors have also prompted Turkey
to utilize her very rich renewable energy sources to meet the demand increasing around
7% annually. In this study, solar and wind energy potential of Turkey is analyzed in
terms of its economics to find out whether these sources are real alternatives to fossil
fuels in electricity generation. Before this analysis, wind and solar energy technologies
and costs and wind and solar energy potential of Turkey are discussed. Then, models are
set up for five technologies which are onshore wind, offshore wind, solar PV, solar
trough and solar tower technologies models to calculate cash flows which are used to
calculate payback, NPV, IRR, LCE and shut-down price to conduct economic analysis. In
addition to base case scenario, uncertainty analysis is done for the most promising
technologies which are onshore wind and solar tower technologies by evaluating NPV
and LCE under uncertain environment. The main finding of these analyses is that only
onshore wind projects are attractive in Turkey; none of other technologies is attractive.
However, with a minor increase in the regulated price for solar thermal electricity, tower
plant projects will also be attractive. / text
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Οικονομοτεχνική και περιβαλλοντική αξιολόγηση συστημάτων ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας για άρδευση γεωργικών εκτάσεωνΒαρούχου, Φωτεινή 12 June 2015 (has links)
Ο αγροτικός τομέας αποτελεί ένα σημαντικό παράγοντα οικονομικής και κοινωνικής συνοχής στην Ελλάδα, τόσο σε εθνικό όσο και σε περιφερειακό επίπεδο. Είναι ένας τομέας με μεγάλα περιθώρια αναπτύξεως, διότι η χώρα μας κατέχει σημαντικά συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα για την ανάπτυξή του. Για την ανάπτυξη του αγροτικού τομέα ακρογωνιαίο λίθο αποτελεί η οργανωμένη διαχείριση των καλλιεργειών. Ο κύριος παράγοντας για την ανάπτυξη των καλλιεργειών είναι η άρδευσή τους, και ακόμη περισσότερο ο βέλτιστος τρόπος άρδευσης. Σημαντικό ρόλο παίζει η εκπαίδευση των καλλιεργητών στην εξοικονόμηση νερού, για παράδειγμα σχετικά με τις ανάγκες σε χρόνο άρδευσης, τη ρύθμιση της ποσότητας νερού ανάλογα με το είδος της καλλιέργειας.
Στην Ελληνική πραγματικότητα σε πολλές περιοχές δεν υφίσταται υποδομή της ΔΕΗ, και αυτός είναι ένας από τους βασικούς λόγους για τον οποίο οι καλλιεργητές χρησιμοποιούν πατροπαράδοτους τρόπους για την άρδευση, όπως τα αυλάκια, οι λεκάνες και διαδικασίες που στηρίζονται στη χρήση πετρελαίου. Οι συγκεκριμένοι τρόποι έχουν αρνητικές περιβαλλοντικές και οικονομικές επιπτώσεις. Σκοπός αυτής της μεταπτυχιακής διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι οικονομοτεχνικής αξιολόγησης συστημάτων ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας για την άρδευση γεωργικών εκτάσεων στο Θεσσαλικό κάμπο με τη χρήση φωτοβολταϊκών στοιχείων ή συστήματος Βιομάζας, σε μία περιοχή στην οποία δεν είναι συνδεδεμένη με το δίκτυο της ΔΕΗ.
Το πρώτο στάδιο περιλαμβάνει µία γενική αναφορά στις Ανανεώσιμες Πηγές Ενέργειας (ΑΠΕ), στην ανάπτυξή τους και η χρήση τους στον Ευρωπαϊκό Χώρο. Σε δεύτερο στάδιο παρουσιάζονται πληροφορίες για την ηλιακή ενέργεια και τα φωτοβολταϊκά στοιχεία, σχετικά µε την κατασκευή, τη λειτουργία και τις εφαρμογές τους. Το τρίτο στάδιο αναπτύσσεται η έννοια της Βιομάζας, οι επιπτώσεις και οι προοπτικές της. Στο τέταρτο στάδιο γίνεται αναφορά στους τρόπους άρδευσης γεωργικών εκτάσεων και τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα μειονεκτήματα αυτών. Το πέμπτο στάδιο αναφέρεται στη μεθοδολογία αξιολόγησης συστημάτων άρδευσης με την χρήση φωτοβολταϊκών και με τη χρήση συστήματος Βιομάζας. Στη συνέχεια ακολουθεί η παρουσίαση του προβλήματος, η πιλοτική εφαρμογή με τη χρήση διαφόρων παραδοχών και τα αποτελέσματα αυτών. Στο τέλος παραθέτονται τα συμπεράσματα. / The agricultural sector constitute an important factor for the economic and social cohesion of Greece, both at national and regional level. It is a sector, which has great growth margins, because our country holds major comparative advantages for development. The rational crop management is the cornerstone of agricultural sector. The optimal way of irrigation influence the crop growth. Grower have to be educated so as understand the importance to save water in the procedure of irrigation, for example how often they have to irrigate their crops, the amount of water considering the type of crop, et all..
In the Greek reality there are areas that have no electric power supply by the grid system, and this is one of the main reasons why irrigation is achieved using traditional ways such as furrows, basins and by fuel powered individual pumps. These ways have negative environmental and economic consequences. The aim of this graduate diploma thesis is the study of the financial and technical assessment of renewable energy systems for the irrigation of agriculture areas in Thessaly (Greece) using photovoltaic (PV) elements or biomass system, in an area which is not connected to the grid.
In the first stage of the dissertation are presented a general introduction to the Renewable Energy Sources (RES), their development and their use in the European Area. In a second stage we proceed with the solar energy systems and the PV elements (construction, operation, applications and cost).. The third stage are mentioned the system of biomass, the impacts and prospects. Following we refer to the ways of farmland irrigation and their advantages/disadvantages. The whole irrigation problem is examined and alternative solutions are proposed. Finally, the results are presented and conclusions are drawn.
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