The thesis investigates the solubility of various sodium salts present in the waste tanks at the Hanford nuclear site. The experiments were conducted in different concentrations of caustic and in water at 25°C and 50°C. The results obtained from these studies will be used to improve existing databases for the Environmental Simulation Program (ESP, available from OLI Systems, Inc.), thereby increasing its accuracy in predicting waste behavior under high ionic strength conditions. Experiments were performed on the following systems: 1) NaF - NaNO3 - NaOH, 2) Na3PO4 - NaNO3 - NaOH, 3) NaF - Na3PO4 - 1m NaNO3 - NaOH, and 4) NaF - Na3PO4 - 3m NaNO3 - NaOH. The results obtained from these experiments were then compared to the ESP predictions and the available literature data. Comparision of the experimental work with the available literature data revealed that the data obtained from this study is in agreement with previous studies for the NaF - NaOH, NaNO3 - NaOH, and Na3PO4 - NaOH systems. This is the first report on solubilities for the Na - F - PO4 - OH system with added nitrate. The presence of sodium hydroxide was found to lower the solubility of natrophosphate, Na7F(PO4)2.19H2O. The solubility of this double salt was also significantly lowered in the presence of sodium nitrate. Error analysis of the experimental data was performed and indicated that the experimental molalities were accurate to within an average of + 0.02.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Phase change material (PCM) through latent heat of molten salt, is a convincing way for thermal energy storage in CSP applications due to its high volume density. Molten salt, with (60% NaNO3 and 40% KNO3) has been used extensively for energy storage however; the low thermal conductivity and specific heat have limited its large implementation in solar applications. For that, molten salt with the additive of silver nanowires (AgNWs) was synthesized and characterized. This research project aims to investigate the thermophysical properties enhancement of nanosalt (Mixture of molten salt and silver nanowires). The results obtained showed that by simply adjusting the temperature, Silver nanowires with high aspect ratio have been synthesized through the enhanced PVP polyol process method. SEM results revealed a network of silver nanowires and TEM results confirmed the presence of silver nanowires with an average diameter of 129 nm and 16 μm in length.

Abstract Aim: The purpose of the study is to show the influence of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI in form of esomeprazole) on the bioactivation of dietary nitrate (sodium-nitrate solution) in submaximal exercise, through affecting the gastric pH. Method: Randomized, doubled-blinded, placebo-controlled and crossover study with six subjects (mean ± SD, age 29 ± 5years, height 170 ± 5 centimeters, weight 70 ± 5 Kg, BMI 24,36 ± 1,75 Kg/m2 blood pressure 119/ 77 ± 6 mmHg, 3 male and 3 female). They were tested in two different trials. Every trial consisted of two parts. One part was cycling on 4 different submaximal stages (80W/60RPM, 80W/90RPM, 120W/60RPM, 120W/90RPM) for 5 minutes each, with 90 minutes rest in between. The same protocol was repeated. In the beginning of the resting time a sodium nitrate solution (NaNO3-, 10mg/kg body weight) was ingested. VO2, VCO2, RER, VE, Lactate, Glucose, heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken. Whether esomeprazole (10mg) or a placebo were taken 24h, 12h and directly before being tested in both trials. Subjects were pleased to have a nitrate poor diet starting when taking the pills. An information sheet was provided. Results: No significant differences were found between the post values and the treatment. Tendencies of a higher oxygen consumption when taking esomeprazole (2,62%) in comparison to placebo (0,11%) were observed. Systolic BP decreased by 3,91% with the placebo while it decreased just 2,04% with esomeprazole after intake. Sex-specific differences occurred in the metabolism of esomeprazole and dietary nitrate. RER showed a significant post nitrate difference between the female and male participants with t=.006 and a significance in predietary nitrate intake. VE in female (40,79 ± 7,20 L/min) and (50,03 ± 10,09 L/min) in male were as well significant (t=.017). Conclusion: Tendencies of effects of PPI are seen in the post-values of VO2 and BP after intake of dietary nitrate. Gender-differences are shown in RER and VE. More research is needed to see the impact of dietary nitrate on the human body under submaximal load.