This study evaluated how the communication of the new performance management system by the City of Windhoek influenced the beliefs of its employees and consequently to determine the effects of the communication process on the degree to which buy-in and readiness is created. Armenakis, Harris and Field's (1999) five element model of examining the change recipient's beliefs, namely, discrepancy, appropriateness, principal support, efficacy, and valence was used as a framework for this study. These beliefs play a major role in affecting behaviours of the change recipients (employees) toward the implementation of a new change initiative in an organisation. Discrepancy involves assessing if employees believe that a need for change does really exist in the organization. Appropriateness seeks to find out from the change recipients whether the performance management system being introduced in the organization is an appropriate reaction to the need and the vision of the organisation. Principal support describes the support from change agents and opinion leaders for the organizational change. Efficacy refers to a belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments. Valence refers to the intrinsic and extrinsic attractiveness (from the change recipient's perspective) associated with the perceived outcome of the change. Literature on organizational change, organizational communication and change implementation were used, to gain and highlight insights regarding the role of change communication during change implementation, and to provide the conceptual framework for the research design and analysis. A single case study research method was used under a mixed research paradigm. The study used a survey questionnaire that was sent to 711 employees; a sufficient and representative 202 questionnaires were returned from all levels of the organization, yielding a response rate of 22.4%. In addition, three focus group interviews of a representative cross section of staff were conducted as also document analysis to collect data for the study. The summative average percentages of levels of agreements and disagreements of the respondents for each of the five change recipient's beliefs indicate a fairly high degree of agreement (buy-in) and considerably low degree of disagreement (resistance) among the respondents to nearly all five change recipient's beliefs. Discrepancy received the highest degree of agreement (buy-in) 84%; efficacy received 73%, appropriateness 66% and valence 59% whereas principal support scored the lowest degree of agreement of about 40% of the respondents. Despite the high degree of agreement (buy-in) for these elements, there was also a notable number of the respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed to some of the five change recipient's beliefs. In particular, principal support had 38%, valence had 28%, and appropriateness had 22% who neither agreed nor disagreed. The degree of disagreement (resistance) is relatively low in almost all five change recipient‟s beliefs except for principal support which indicated slightly higher levels of disagreement (19%). The results of the study indicate that the communication methods e.g., the road show, leaflets and brochures, discussions and training sessions used during the pre-implementation phase of the new performance management system influenced the change recipient‟s beliefs on the discrepancy for the new performance management system. The evidence is that these communication methods and actions helped to create a sense of urgency and the need to implement a new performance management system among employees. The new performance management system was also believed to be appropriate and its appropriateness was justified through the use of various communication methods which provided detailed explanations on how the new performance management system was different to the earlier performance appraisal system. Notwithstanding the belief in the appropriateness of the new performance management system, the study found that the absence of such a performance management system over a long period of time had cultivated a hidden but unifying shared set of values, beliefs and assumptions among employees that seem not to fit or be suitable to the demands of the new performance management system and the current challenges facing the organization. The employees themselves noted this discrepancy. Hence, they argued, there is a need to bring about new culture with new sets of values, beliefs and assumptions that will better suit and support the current demands facing the organisation and its members. The study found that although employees significantly believe that they have high levels of personal self-efficacy, the change message that was communicated to them did not in itself appear to help to create and further develop this employee self-efficacy. The change message mainly focussed on the need for training, and the design of job descriptions and technical aspects of the performance management system. The study revealed that the employees' belief in principal support of the new performance management system was that principal support was seen as less than sufficient or not as evident as they would have liked. Employees remarked that principal support was only conveyed during the initial stage of communication, thereafter, principal support from senior management was seen to have declined throughout the pre-implementation phase. Nonetheless, immediate supervisors and managers were believed to more supportive than senior management. The literature points to a lack of belief in principal support as an important cause of a loss momentum in change initiatives, which in turn may result in cynicism and greater resistance, especially by those who have vested interest in maintaining the status quo. Valence refers to the intrinsic and extrinsic attractiveness (from the change recipient's perspective) associated with the perceived outcome of the change. The results show that respondents have mixed beliefs about the personal benefits associated with the new performance management system. Thus, 63% of the respondents believe that it will benefit them, 75% believe that it will increase their self fulfilment, 68% believe that it will increase their feeling of accomplishment, 45% believe that their fringe benefit will remain the same after it is implemented, and 58% believe that they could earn high performance return. However, the result also shows that there are still many respondents who neither agree nor disagree to the presence of personal valance with regard to the new performance managements system. This study established that the use of various communication methods persuaded the majority of the City of Windhoek employees to view the new performance management system overall in a favourable light. However, interviewees criticised the communications process on the grounds that most of these methods were only used once and were not repeated, as they would have liked. Lessons on this item from other change studies are that when communicating new change initiatives, change agents should use different methods of communication and as many times as possible to influence the belief of employees. This report is structured as follows: Section 1 provides an abstract and introduction to the study. Section 1.2 presents a brief review of core theories and recent empirical studies relevant to the research problem. Section 1.3 provides a description of the research method followed in addressing aim and objectives of this study. Section 1.4 presents the results of the evaluation report and section 1.5 discusses the findings and make conclusive recommendations. Section 2 of this study complements subsection section 1.2 (in section 1) with a more detailed review of the literature on organizational change, organizational communication and change implementation. This more detailed review was conducted before the field work and write up of Section 1. The literature incorporated into Section 1 was distilled from this more detailed review. Similarly, Section 3 of this study complement subsection 1.3 (of section 1) with an extended description of the research design and research procedure followed in the study.

The role of traffic officials in road management is very important not only to ensure a smooth flow of traffic, but also to prevent negligent and reckless driving, which could result in road accidents. In light of this, the current study embarked on a research journey to investigate the challenges facing traffic officials in Windhoek (Namibia) to reduce road accidents. To achieve the goal of this study, the researcher embarked on a qualitative research approach to obtain in-depth information from traffic officials regarding their experiences in reducing road accidents in Windhoek. Following a purposive sampling method to identify the research participants, the researcher also used semi-structured interviews to guide his interviews with the research participants. The problem in this study concerns the high number of road accidents within the Windhoek area. Between 2012 and 2016, the Namibian Police Force Report (2015/2016) recorded 3 052 accidents on Namibian roads, in which 5 289 people were injured and 524 killed. Motorists’ negative attitudes towards traffic laws and regulations, unroadworthy vehicles and poor road conditions were identified as the leading causes of road accidents and presented the biggest challenges to traffic officials. Some of the challenges that traffic officials encounter are in respect of law enforcement for motorists driving under the influence of alcohol, enforcement of speed restrictions, the limited number of traffic officials to do patrols, an insufficient number of cameras monitoring traffic lights, uncooperative witnesses during car accidents as well as corruption on the side of fellow traffic officials. In order to reduce the high rate of road accidents in Windhoek, this study recommends an increase in traffic officials’ visibility on the roads, clear standards and guidelines for vehicle inspection pertaining to roadworthiness, toll free lines for reporting corrupt traffic officials, cooperation among stakeholders as well as multilingual road safety educational programmes. / Seabe sa batlhankedi ba pharakano mo tsamaisong ya tsela se botlhokwa thata mme e seng fela go netefatsa gore pharakano e elela sentle, fela le go thibela go kgweetsa go go botlhaswa go go ka bakang dikotsi tsa tsela. Go lebeletswe seno, thutopatlisiso ya ga jaana e nnile leeto la patlisiso go batlisisa dikgwetlho tse di itemogelwang ke batlhankedi ba pharakano kwa Windhoek (Namibia) malebana le go fokotsa dikotsi tsa tsela. Go fitlhelela maitlhomo a thutopatlisiso eno, mmatlisisi o tsere molebo wa patlisiso o o lebelelang mabaka go bona tshedimosetso e e tseneletseng go tswa mo batlhankeding ba pharakano malebana le maitemogelo a bona mo go fokotseng dikotsi tsa tsela kwa Windhoek. Ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go tlhopha sampole go ya ka maikemisetso a thutopatlisiso go supa bannileseabe ba patlisiso, mmatlisisi o ne a dirisa gape dipotsolotso tse di batlileng di rulagane go kaela dipotsolotso tsa gagwe le bannileseabe ba patlisiso. Bothata jo bo mo thutopatlisisong eno bo malebana le palo e e kwa godimo ya dikotsi tsa tsela mo tikologong ya Windhoek. Magareng ga 2012 le 2016, Pegelo ya Sepodisi sa Namibia (2015/2016) e rekotile dikotsi di le 3 052 mo ditseleng tsa Namibia, moo batho ba le 5 289 ba gobetseng mme ba le 524 ba tlhokafetse. Maitsholo a bakgweetsi a a nyatsang melao le melawana ya pharakano, dikoloi tse di sa siamelang tsela mmogo le maemo a a sa siamang a ditsela di supilwe e le mabaka a magolo a a bakang dikotsi tsa tsela mme e le kgwetlho e kgolo mo batlhankeding ba pharakano. Dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse di itemogelwang ke batlhankedi ba pharakano di malebana le tiragatso ya molao mo bakgweetsing ba ba kgweetsang ba nole nnotagi, tiragatso ya dipeelo tsa lebelo, palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batlhankedi ba pharakano ba ba paterolang, palo e e tlhaelang ya dikhamera tse di tlhokomelang mabone a pharakano, dipaki tse di se nang tirisanommogo ka nako ya dikotsi tsa tsela gammogo le bobodu mo ntlheng ya badirammogo ba batlhankedi ba pharakano. Gore go fokodiwe kelo e e kwa godimo ya dikotsi tsa tsela kwa Windhoek, thutopatlisiso eno e atlenegisa gore go okediwe ponagalo ya batlhankedi ba pharakano mo ditseleng, dipeelo le dikaedi tse di malebana le tlhatlhobo ya dikoloi malebana le go siamela go nna mo tseleng, megala e e sa duelelweng gore go begwe batlhankedi ba pharakano ba ba tletseng bobodu, tirisanommogo magareng ga baamegi gammogo le mananeo a dipuodintsi a thuto ya ipabalelo tseleng. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Policing)

Factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding in Namibia are important, especially in light of the implementation of the Baby and Mother Friendly Initiative. Infant feeding practices, especially breastfeeding, are important public health issues, particularly in the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child. This thesis determined the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and measures the association of demographic and service-related factors on exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding practices.

Factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding in Namibia are important, especially in light of the implementation of the Baby and Mother Friendly Initiative. Infant feeding practices, especially breastfeeding, are important public health issues, particularly in the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child. This thesis determined the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and measures the association of demographic and service-related factors on exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding practices.

Master of Public Health - MPH / Factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding in Namibia are important, especially in light of the implementation of the Baby and Mother Friendly Initiative. Infant feeding practices, especially breastfeeding, are important public health issues, particularly in the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child. This thesis determined the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and measures the association of demographic and service-related factors on exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding practices. / South Africa

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between antenatal care (ANC) adequacy and preterm births. The researcher used the quantitative, descriptive, correlational, retrospective, case control design on a sample size of 40 cases and 80 controls. A checklist was used to collect data at one state hospital in Windhoek. When the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Use (APNCU) index was applied, premature birth was found to be less likely for women in the higher categories of care (OR 0.121; 95% CI 0.124–0.613) as compared to those in the lower categories. Similarly when the Content and Timing of care in Pregnancy (CTP) tool was used; women in the higher categories of care, were less likely (OR 0.114; 95% CI 0.012–1.056) to give birth prematurely as compared to those in the lower categories / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between antenatal care (ANC) adequacy and preterm births. The researcher used the quantitative, descriptive, correlational, retrospective, case control design on a sample size of 40 cases and 80 controls. A checklist was used to collect data at one state hospital in Windhoek. When the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Use (APNCU) index was applied, premature birth was found to be less likely for women in the higher categories of care (OR 0.121; 95% CI 0.124–0.613) as compared to those in the lower categories. Similarly when the Content and Timing of care in Pregnancy (CTP) tool was used; women in the higher categories of care, were less likely (OR 0.114; 95% CI 0.012–1.056) to give birth prematurely as compared to those in the lower categories / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The study was conducted to explore the relationship between active learning processes emerging from the use of O’Donoghue’s (2001) active learning framework and a series of education quality indicators proposed by Nikel and Lowe (2010). To achieve this aim a professional educational intervention was conducted encouraging the use of this active learning framework in the Namibian Environmental Studies Curriculum, in order to strengthen educational quality within the Environmental Studies Curriculum. The research was conducted in the Windhoek region at the school where I am currently teaching. Four teachers took part in this study, including myself in the role of a participantobserver. The active learning framework was used to guide us in the planning and presentations of environmental learning lessons. The study was conducted within the interpretive paradigm and was qualitative in nature as well as focusing on a quantitative aspect to analyse some of the data (learners’ written work). Qualitative data were generated through individual interviews, focus-group discussions, lesson observations and document analysis. The key findings of the study were that: a) prior to the intervention with the active learning framework the teachers who took part in the study did not ask learners to explore environmental issues in the environment or to respond to particular environmental issues; b) active learning processes have the potential to facilitate the exploration of environmental issues in the environment, and responses to particular environmental issues. Active learning also have the potential to strengthen all aspects of education quality indicated in Nikel and Lowe’s (2010) quality model, namely effectiveness, efficiency, equity, relevance, responsiveness, reflexivity and sustainability; c) the active learning framework encouraged teachers to use a variety of situated learning approaches, such as the collaborative method, the cooperative method, the problem-solving method and the enquiry method, in order to strengthen the educational quality in Environmental Studies classrooms; and d) teachers find the active learning framework useful as a tool for planning and presenting environmental learning lessons. The findings of the study have the potential to inform curriculum developers, materials developers and educators with an interest in improving education quality through environmental learning processes within the Environmental Studies Curriculum in Namibia. Furthermore, Nikel and Lowe’s education quality indicators provided an informative and comprehensive understanding of education quality and provided a useful tool in evaluating and reflecting on education quality as well as my own work as a teacher.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There have been new infections of HIV despite campaigns aimed at arresting the further spread of the epidemic particularly the new infections. This study sought to investigate whether HIV positive individuals disclose their status to their sexual partners. The study looked at both longtime partners and casual partners. The overall aim was to find the factors that contribute to non-disclosure or to disclosure to sexual partners by HIV positive individuals. The specific objectives were to identify prevailing levels of HIV sero-status disclosure among people living with HIV who were attending the ARV clinic; to identify people living with HIV’s attitude towards HIV status disclosure; to establish factors contributing to disclosure or non-disclosure among people living with HIV; to establish if there is a difference between disclosure rates between ‘long time’ sex partners and casual/’once-off’ sex partners and to provide guidelines to counsellors on how to educate HIV positive people on disclosure. The objectives were achieved by using a quantitative research design through the use of questionnaires targeting 50 HIV positive individuals attending the ARV clinic at Katutura Hospital in Windhoek Namibia. The questionnaire was self-administered and consisted of close-ended questions and one open-ended question which helped collect the quantitative data. The quantitative data was then analyzed using statistical tools (graphs, tables and charts). Results showed that HIV positive individuals are aware of the importance of disclosure. The results showed that majority of the participants did not disclose for fear of abandonment. Some did not disclose because they thought that their partner was also already infected. As for casual sex partners, some did not disclose because they wanted ‘to infect someone since they were also infected by someone’. Some said that they were drunk and hence did not disclose. Participants disclosed because they wanted moral support, they did not want to infect their partners and that they wanted their partners to get tested as well. One of the recommendations was that there is a need to encourage couple counselling in cases of married couples or ‘live-in’ couples to reduce the need for disclosure. It was also recommended that HIV/AIDS health workers need special training to enhance their skills on how to educate HIV positive individuals about disclosure. The link between risky sexual behavior and alcohol abuse was highlighted and it was recommended that there is a need to educate people, particular teenagers, the link between the two. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was die bepaling van die mate waartoe persone wat MIV-positief is en klinieke bywoon hulle MIV-status bekendmaak. Die studie is by die Katutura hospitaal in Windhoek, Namibië gedoen en 50 MIV-positiewe pasiënte is as steekproef gebruik. ‘n Vraelys wat die pasiënte self ingevul het is in die studie gebruik en data is op ‘n beskrywende wyse ontleed. Resultate het aangetoon dat MIV-positiewe pasiënte wel bewus is van die belangrikheid om hulle MIV-status bekend te maak. Laasgenoemde pasiënte doen dit egter nie, hoofsaaklik uit vrees vir stigma, diskriminasie en verwerping. Sommige pasiënte maak ook nie hulle status bekend nie omdat hulle bloot aanvaar dat die persoon met wie hulle saambly ook MIV-positief is en die bekendmaking van status dus onbelangrik is. Een van die belangrikste aanbevelings wat in die studie gemaak word is dat getroude paartjies aangemoedig moet word om MIV-voorligting by te woon, hulle te laat toets en hulle status bekend te maak. Dit word ook verder aanbeveel dat MIV/Vigs-gesondheidswerkers spesiale opleiding moet kry in hoe om persone wat MIV-positief is te oorreed om hulle MIV-status bekend te maak. Die studie sluit af deur te wys op die belangrike verwantskap tussen seksuele risikogedrag en die misbruik van alkohol. Daar word sterk gepleit dat die gemeenskap, en veral tienderjariges, bewus gemaak moet word van hierdie gevaar.