No description available.

Les biopiles enzymatiques constituent une alternative intéressante de production d'électricité renouvelable. On s'est intéressé dans ce travail au compartiment cathodique d'une biopile utilisant la laccase, une oxydase multi-cuivres, comme biocatalyseur pour la réduction de l'oxygène (ORR) par transfert direct des électrons. Plusieurs stratégies ont été mises en œuvre afin d'optimiser la cinétique de l'ORR sur électrode de graphite. Une des stratégies a consisté à déposer un film mince de nitrure de carbone amorphe (a-CNx) sur le graphite. La présence de groupements amines de surface a ensuite permis le greffage covalent de la laccase. Des groupements carboxyliques peuvent également être introduits par un traitement électrochimique. En alliant plusieurs techniques de caractérisation, notamment des mesures d'impédance, on a démontré que notre système se comporte comme un réseau de microélectrodes. Pour ce type d'électrode on a mesuré une densité de courant maximale de -44,6 µA/cm2. Dans une autre stratégie, la surface du graphite a été nanostructurée par formation de nanowalls de carbone (CNWs) par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma. On a optimisé les conditions du traitement ultérieur de fonctionnalisation de la surface par APPJ en ayant recours à des plans d'expériences, ce qui a permis d'atteindre des densités de courants de l'ordre de -1 mA/cm2. On a également étudié l'orientation et la cinétique de greffage de l'enzyme sur une surface d'or en utilisant la technique PM-IRRAS. / Enzymatic biofuel cells are an attractive alternative for renewable electricity generation. In this work, we are focusing on the cathodic compartment of a biofuel cell using laccase, a multi-copper oxidase, as biocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) by direct electron transfer of electrons. Several strategies have been used to optimize the kinetic of ORR on graphite electrode. One strategy was to deposit thin film of amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx) on graphite. The presence of surface amine groups then allowed the covalent grafting of the laccase. Carboxylic groups can also be produced by an electrochemical treatment. By combining several characterisation techniques, especially impedance measurements, we have demonstrated that our system behaves like microelectrodes network. For this type of electrode, we have measured a maximal current density equal to -44,6 µA/cm2. In another strategy, the surface of graphite was nanostructured by forming carbon nanowalls (CNWs) using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique in a CO/H2 microwave discharge. We have optimized then the APPJ functionalization conditions using experiments design. We reached current densities of the order of -1 mA/cm2. We have also studied the orientation and the kinetic of enzyme immobilisation on gold surface using PM-IRRAS technique.

No / Here we report a hierarchical composite structure composed of few-layers molybdenum disulfide nanosheets supported by vertical graphene on conductive carbon cloth (MDNS/VG/CC) for high-performance electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In the fabrication, 3D vertical graphene is first prepared on carbon cloth by a micro-wave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) and then few-layers MoS2 nanosheets are in-situ synthesized on the surface of the vertical graphene through a simple hydrothermal reaction. This integrated catalyst exhibits an excellent HER electrocatalytic activity including an onset potential of 50 mV, an overpotential at 10 mA cm(-2) (eta(10)) of 78 mV, a Tafel slop of 53 mV dec(-1), and an excellent cycling stability in acid solution. The excellent catalytic performance can be ascribed to the abundant active edges provided by the vertical MoS2 nanosheets, as well as the effective electron transport route provided by the graphene arrays on the conductive substrate. Moreover, the vertical graphene offers robust anchor sites for MoS2 nanosheets and appropriate intervals for electrolyte infiltration. This not only benefits hydrogen convection and release but also avoids the damaging or restacking of catalyst in electrochemical processes. / This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 61176007, 51372213, and 51402343).