A national pension system, like most large government policies, does many things, some of which involve governing the population and steering citizens in certain directions. This study, on the transformation of Sweden’s national pension system, sheds light on who the actors involved at different sites and levels in the policy process are, what they do, and how they do it. By mapping out the policy process - and the actors, practices and technologies involved - the workings of new forms of governance come into focus. Of particular interest is the way policy-making works as a governing tool in the contemporary Swedish welfare state. On a broader level, this study is concerned with how new forms of governance may alter the roles of, as well as affect the relationship between, state and citizen. At the core of the study are the new forms of governance that are being brought forward in contemporary welfare state restructuring in which the logic, language and practices of the market are given increased salience also within the realm of government. Sweden’s new national pension system is seen as a ‘political technology’ with the power to transform society through its subjects; the citizens. The study shows how a set of interconnected technologies within the construction of the new national pension scheme brings about processes of both depoliticization and responsibilization. Anthropological fieldwork was carried out among politicians, experts, technocrats, bureaucrats, government information personnel as well as among ‘ordinary’ citizens in an attempt to study ‘all the way through’ a policy process with significance to the ongoing transformation of the Swedish welfare state.

En Perú, a diferencia de Chile, la reforma previsional que creó el sistema de capitalización individual no eliminó el sistema de reparto, en la actualidad, ambos sistemas operan en competencia. Esta dualidad genera grandes inequidades inter e intra-generacionales para los ciudadanos expuestos a diferentes niveles de pensión y riesgos, dependiendo del sistema elegido, decisión que sucede en un contexto de poca información financiera. En vista de que existen pocos estudios que analicen la elección de afiliación del individuo a un determinado sistema de pensiones, y teniendo en cuenta que anteriormente no se ha estudiado el efecto de variables relacionadas al conocimiento financiero sobre esta elección, el presente trabajo de investigación pretende conocer cuál es el efecto de la alfabetización financiera en la probabilidad de afiliación al Sistema Privado de Pensiones (SPP) o al Sistema Nacional de Pensiones (SNP). Para ello, se trabaja con el último panel de datos disponible de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO), y el periodo de análisis es 2016-2019. A través del modelo de probabilidad no lineal, Logit binomial, se encuentra que la alfabetización financiera es relevante en la afiliación al SPP o al SNP. Sin embargo, existe un efecto negativo en la probabilidad de afiliarse al SPP, y un efecto positivo en la probabilidad de afiliarse al SNP, lo cual puede deberse a que los individuos que cuentan con alfabetización financiera saben que, de afiliarse al sistema de reparto, sus futuras pensiones estarán siempre respaldadas, según Palomino (2015), por el presupuesto público. / In Peru, unlike Chile, the pension reform that created the individually funded system did not eliminate the pay-as-you-go system; currently, both systems operate in competition. This duality generates great inter- and intra-generational inequities for citizens exposed to different pension levels and risks, depending on the system chosen, a decision that takes place in a context of little financial information. In view of the fact that there are few studies that analyze the individual's choice of affiliation to a given pension system, and considering that the effect of variables related to financial knowledge on this choice has not been studied before, this research aims to determine the effect of financial literacy on the probability of affiliation to the Private Pension System (SPP) or to the National Pension System (SNP). For this purpose, we work with the latest panel of data available from the National Household Survey (ENAHO), and the period of analysis is 2016-2019. Through the non-linear probability model, binomial Logit, it is found that financial literacy is relevant in the affiliation to the SPP or the SNP. However, there is a negative effect on the probability of joining the SPP, and a positive effect on the probability of joining the SNP, which may be due to the fact that individuals with financial literacy know that, if they join the PAYG system, their future pensions will always be supported, according to Palomino (2015), by the public budget. / Trabajo de investigación