This thesis examines the political and literary reception in Spain of the figure of Pedro Calderon de la Barca, Golden Age playwright, during the years comprising the start of the querella calderoniana until the end of the nineteenth century; a period dominated by the intellectual figure Marcelino Menendez Pelayo. The nineteenth century is characterized by widespread social, political, economic, religious and cultural change, as much as for the development of the intention, on the part of political ideologies in positions of power, to generate a concrete idea of the Nation; in short, a specific way of interpreting Spanish national identify. This changes and the process which followed the configuration of this idea of the nation are recorded in little studied and highly politicized print media of the time, as well as in various verbal polemics maintained over the course of the century. / The study of these has allowed me to demonstrate that the reception of Calderon has been strongly influenced by the presence and interaction of these aspects. As the century progresses, the figure of the playwright becomes increasingly identified with the ideals of the National identify established by political conservatives. / In the first chapter, I analyse what happened in this intellectual conflict contextualizing it ideologically in the calderonian polemics of the eighteenth century, and frame it within relevant events in the formation of national identity. / The next two chapters analyse the development of the querella calderoniana and the subsequent appropriation of Calderon, in one of the darkest moments for the written press in Spain, corresponding with Fernando VII's absolutist regime. This study has been achieved through close readings of various periodicals, literary and ideological discourses of this epoch. / The final chapter concentrates on the conservative appropriation of Calderon effectuated by Menendez Pelayo, one of the most important intellectual figures of nineteenth century in Spain, who attempted to integrate this appropriation with others preceding it. A brief section of conclusions summarizes the theses, followed by a selected bibliography.

Nation-building novels are novels which attempt to weave the experiences, values and richness of a variety of cultures, language groups and social contexts into a national heritage that creates a sense ofnational identity and identification for all people within a particular nation-state. This dissertation explores how Midnight's Children by Salman Rushdie, Keri Hulme's The Bone People and Margaret Laurence's The Diviners all use the particularly illuminating metaphor of family to explore nation-building in India, New Zealand and Canada respectively. In questioning traditional definitions of family through the image of the adopted child (or changeling in the case of Midnight's Children), the novels also explore new ways of understanding "belonging" and the "other". Since the meaning of these terms is rooted in the past, these novels also question the "truth" of the past by exposing the fallibility of memory. In chapter one a working definition of "nation" and "nation-building" is given and the vision, purpose and characteristic features of nation-building novels are discussed. Chapter two focuses on Rushdie's novel in which the metaphor of pickling is used to explore history not as a collection of hard facts but as a conglomeration of subjective, sensuous, manufactured and carefully created and preserved flavours. In chapter three Hulme's novel is discussed, particularly in relation to what is "other" and the importance of names. The narrator's idea of "commensalism" is explored as an ideal of syncrecity which does not deny individual identity. Chapter four looks at the development from consolation to contradiction to construction in the development of a hybrid national identity in Laurence's novel. Chapter five looks at the narrative techniques used in order to convey the prophetic nature of the novels' message and discusses the importance of the intertexts of each novel. Chapter six focuses on belonging as it looks at the return of each narrator to her/his symbolic or literal home. The chapter also discusses how the novels attack linearity by separating "time" and "space" (instances of social interaction) from "place" (specific geographical locations) in order to "disembed" their message to emphasise its universal applicability. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

Thesis--Université de Paris IV, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, p. 423-471) and index.

Thesis--Université de Paris IV, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, p. 423-471) and index.

Thesis--Université de Paris IV, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, p. 423-471) and index. Also issued online.

xi, 284 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / My dissertation delves into the recent articulation of popular nationalism in Mainland China, with particular emphasis on the changes that globalization and transnationalism have brought about to the representation of the Chinese nation in sentimental terms. Complementing the rich existing literature of Chinese nationalism that focuses mainly on the pre-1949 period, my study explores the less-treaded contemporary era characterized by the new historical condition of postsocialism, which features a residual of the socialist past as well as its reinvention under new overwhelming trends of globalization. Postsocialism and its consequences-the deepening of a neoliberalist economic refonn, the state-intellectual promotion of cultural economy, the emergence of a dominant consumer culture, etc.-have produced new issues existing scholarship on Chinese nationalism has yet to address. One such issue is how the paradoxical entity of the "nation" in time and space has been fragmented by the accretion of diversified voices from a wide spectrum of Chinese society. In postsocialist China, the agents imagining the nation include not only regulars like the state and intellectuals, but also new players like mass-media elites and netizens (wangmin). I argue that these voices of different social forces that break up the hegemony of the state in representing the nation-the result of which being not that the state is excluded from this enterprise but that it now tells only part of the story-become expressed as modes of national sentiments (minzu qinggan) when the nation is imagined under the historical condition of postsocialism. My study then explores in detail the fashioning and refashioning of contemporary Chinese subjectivity, as it relates through the joining of national sentiments to the literal and figurative body of the nation and the social power structure, by analyzing these specific voices in a broad range of popular texts from TV, film, and the Internet. The detailed examination includes four chapters dealing with specific modes of national sentiments articulated by the intellectuals, the state, the mass-media elites, and the netizens, respectively. / Committee in charge: Tze-lan Sang, Co-Chairperson, East Asian Languages & Literature; David Leiwei Li, Co-Chairperson, English; Maram Epstein, Member, East Asian Languages & Literature; Bryna Goodman, Outside Member, History

Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document / Thesis (DLitt (English))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / English / unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MA (Literary Theory))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

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Die hooffiguur is mev. Maria Elizabeth Rothmann (1875 1975), in die Afrikaanse letterkunde alombekend as M.E.R. Die sleutelbegrippe is Afrikaner en Afrikanernasionalisme. Oor die betekenis van die benaming Afrikaner is daar meningsverskil, maar hier beteken Afrikaner 'n blanke Afrikaanssprekende. Afrikanernasionalisme is oor die afgelope eeu deur leiers soos Kruger, Steyn, Reitz, De la Rey, De Wet, Hertzog, Malan, Strydom en Verwoerd uitgespel. Die tweede hoofstuk bevat 'n aantal verteenwoordigende skrywers en politici se beskouinge oor die Afrikaner en Afrikanernasionalisme. In die derde hoofstuk word M.E.R. se beskouinge in die verband behandel en vergelyk met die menings van Van Wyk Louw, 'n geslag na haar, en J.C. Steyn, 'n geslag na Louw. Degenaar, gebore twee dekades na Louw en 13 jaar voor Steyn, word vernaamlik as klankbord betrek omdat sy siening radikaal verskil van M.E.R., Louw en Steyn s 'n, hoewel Louw na die begin van die jare sestig veel meer "liberaal" geword het. Voorts word M.E.R. se eerstehandse vertellings oor Kruger, Steyn, Hertzog en Verwoerd aan die aanvaarde kenmerke van goeie biografie gemeet. Waar moontlik word haar siening met die drietal vergelyk. 'n Volgende hoofstuk gaan oor M. E. R. se taksering van en deernis vir brandarm Afrikaners, soos vervat in Deel V B van die Carnegie Verslag. Haar verklaring van die oorsake van Afrikanerarmoede word uitgespel. Ook haar betrokkenheid by die Afrikanerkind deur haar talryke kinderboeke word toegelig. Dan volg 'n hoofstuk oor M.E.R. se siening van die Afrikaner se godsdiens. die beurt, waarop M.E.R. se My beskeie Voorts kom volkereverhoudings aan deel as outobiografie van 'n Afrikanervrou bespreek word. Die laaste twee hoof stukke gaan oor die viertal se taal en styl, en~as leermeesters van die Afrikanervolk. Ten slotte word die vier se beskouinge saamgevat. M.E.R. en Steyn glo aan die selfbeskikkingsreg van die Afrikaner. Sedert die begin van die jare sestig het Louw beweer dat die Kaapse bruinmense deel van die Afrikanervolk uitmaak, maar dat daar gebiedskeiding met die swart volke moet wees. Degenaar bepleit 'n unitere staat met die nodige verskansings van regionalisme, 'n handves van menseregte en 'n onafhanklike regbank. / Pride of place belongs to Mrs Maria Elizabeth Rothmann (1875 - 1975), in Afrikaans literature widely known as M.·E.R. The key conceptions are Afrikaner and Afrikanernationalism. Theye are differing opinions about the meaning of the name Afrikaner, but for our purpose it means an Afrikaans speaking white. Afrikaner nationalism has been defined over the past century by leaders like Kruger, Steyn, Reitz, De la Rey, De Wet, Hertzog, Malan, Strydom and Verwoerd. The second chapter portrays the views of some representative authors and politicians on the Afrikaner and Afrikaner nationalism. In the next chapter M.E.R.'s opinion in this regard is discussed and compared and contrasted with the opinions of Louw, a generation after her, and J.C. Steyn, a generation after Louw. Degenaar, born two decades after Louw and thirteen years before Steyn, is used mainly as resonator because his views differ radically from the other three. although Louw turned more "liberal" since the early sixties. Forthwith M. E .R. 's first-hand narratives about Kruger, Steyn, Hertzog and Verwoerd are tested by the accepted standards of good biQJZraphy. Where L.o.tw) Sbe-1vi ....a ~~tLLy. possible her views are compared with those of the trio,.., The next chapter treats M.E.R. 's estimate of and compassion with desperately poor Afrikaners, as portrayed in her Chapter V B of the Carnegie Commission Report. Her indication of the causes of Afrikaner poverty is noted. Her concern with Afrikaner children by way of her many children's books occupies a subsequent chapter. Then follow her views on the Afrikaner's religion and on racial relations, whereafter her My beskeie deel (My allotted portion) is assessed as the autobiography of an Afrikaner woman. The last two chapters discuss the language and style of the four writers concerned as well as their role as teachers of the Afrikaner nation. In conclusion their views are summarised. M.E.R. and Steyn believe in the Afrikaner's right of self-determination. Since the early sixties Louw has regarded the Cape Coloureds as part of the Af rikanervolk, al though he has advocated territorial separation of the Black peoples. Degenaar is in favour of a unitary state entrenched by regionalism, a human rights charter and an independent judiciary. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / D. Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)