This essay examines the relationship between national consciousness and the Communist Revolution in China between the years 1921 and 1928. / In tracing the trajectory of the national consciousness in our stipulated time period we can discern three distinct phases in its manifestation. Up until 1919 national consciousness was confined primarily to an intellectual elite whose primary concern was the decadence of the Imperial and Confucian state. Following the May Fourth movement (1919), these concerns came to be diffused amongst the urban population. / After the formation of the Chinese Communist Party, the Party addressed nationalist concerns by focusing on the role of imperialists and warlords. This continued following the alliance with the Nationalist Party, the Guomindang, under the United Front. / By 1925 there was the growth of populist movements with distinctly anti-imperialist overtones. The same time also saw a growing interest in the potential of the peasantry as the vanguard for the nationalist revolution. After the April 12, 1927 coup, the Party focused exclusively on the peasantry to carry on with the Nationalist Revolution.

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本項研究旨在探討近代中國男性知識分子性別與國族論述之間的互動關係，藉以突顯近年學者利用後殖民性別/國族理論模式解釋上述問題的盲點和不足之處。 / 根據後殖民性別/國族理論的觀點，反殖民男性精英的性別與國族論述之間呈現出對立和矛盾，這成為了學者們以性別角度，批評近代中國國族主義的基調。然而，本研究要論證的正是這種後殖民性別/國族理論難以完全解釋近代中國歷史語境中的相關議題。 / 本文第一章探討康有為的「男女平等」論述如何假借儒家傳統「聖人」的論述模式，開拓現代性別平等的論說空間；第二章分析金天翮在晚清國族主義脈絡下建構的「女權」論述，如何為當時女權主義者打開批判男權統治的論述場域；第三章闡述周作人五四時期的「女性」論述如何通過新性道德討論，以及批判父權意識型態，創建女性主體性的論述模式；第四章解析張競生的「女體」論述如何將女性情慾與國族論述連結起來，開創女性情慾自主論的空間。通過四位知識分子的思想分析，本文勾勒出晚清以迄五四這個歷史階段較突出的性別/國族論述模式，闡釋近代中國性別與國族論述之間的互動關係。 / This research aims to explore the interactive relation between gender and nation in the discourse of the Modern Chinese intellectuals. Through details examination of the interactive discourse of gender and nation, this study seeks to demonstrate the inadequacy of the postcolonial critique of the nationalist bias on gender. / According to the gender analyses of the post-colonialists, gender and nation appear to be placed in opposition and conflict with one another. It is from this perspective of gender that many Chinese study scholars advance their critique on Chinese nationalism. However what I want to argue in this thesis is that such application of the post-colonial critique on gender and nation is over-representation of the gender/nation discourse in the context of Modern China. / In the first chapter of this thesis, I shall demonstrate how the discourse of Kang Youwei on “equality between men and women (「男女平等」)has revised the conception of the “Confucian sagefor the alignment with the modern discourse on equality of gender. In the second chapter, I shall how Chin Sung-ts’en’s(「金天翮」) dissemination of the conception of“ Women’s Right(「女權」) has inspired the female elite to criticize the patriarchy in the context of the national discourse on Late Qing period. In the third chapter, I shall examine how Zhou Zuoren’s(周作人) discourse on women (「女性」)has, through his participation in the construction of the “New Sexual Morality and his critique of the ideology of patriarchy, constructed the discursive foundation of female subjectivity during May Fourth period. And finally, in the fourth chapter, I shall explain how the discourse of the “female body (「女體」) by Zhang Jingsheng (張競生) reinstates female sexuality into the nationalism discourse and how such connection creates the site of liberation for female sexuality. / By analysis these four different intellectuals, this thesis has traced the development of these distinctive models of discourse on gender and nation, and demonstrated a mutually implicated relation between the two from the Late Qing to the May Fourth period in Modern China. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 凌子威. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-164). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Ling Ziwei. / 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章： --- 傳統與現代性的角力：晚清「男女平等」論的開展 --- p.21 / 康有為的《大同書》：「男女平等」論的「聖人」模式 --- p.27 / 打破「內外之防」：女子獨立人格的肯定 --- p.34 / 推翻家庭專制：「去家界」的激進主張 --- p.38 / 結論 --- p.45 / Chapter 第二章： --- 女權主義與國族主義之間：晚清「女權」論的催生 --- p.47 / 歐洲「女權」說翻譯與移植 --- p.51 / 金天翮的《女界鐘》：「女權」與「新中國」論的互涉 --- p.62 / 化私為公：塑造「國民之母」形象 --- p.65 / 「女權」與「民權」：建構中國女子革命論 --- p.72 / 結論 --- p.82 / Chapter 第三章： --- 「反傳統」與主體建構：五四「女性」論的確立 --- p.88 / 周作人及其「靈肉一致」女性觀的探索 --- p.91 / 重建新性道德：貞操、自由戀愛與婚姻制度 --- p.96 / 打破性禁忌：「不淨觀」與「假道學」 --- p.105 / 結論 --- p.111 / Chapter 第四章： --- 「性」與國家：五四「女體」論的爭議 --- p.113 / 強種與優生：由晚清「反纏足」到五四「產兒限制」 --- p.116 / 張競生及其「第三種水」論：女體歡愉/強種救國的另類想像 --- p.124 / 反客為主：女性情慾自主權 --- p.131 / 結論 --- p.136 / Chapter 結論： --- 近代中國「性別」與「國族」論述的互動 --- p.139 / 徵引書目 --- p.143

吳偉強. / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 151-156. / 中英文摘要. / Wu Weiqiang. / Chapter 第一章 --- 問題闡述 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 前言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究背景 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻综述 --- p.10 / Chapter 第一節 --- 民族國家理論 --- p.10 / Chapter 第二節 --- 敎育對民族國家的貢獻 --- p.15 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中國近代知識份子的民族國家觀念述評 --- p.19 / Chapter 一. --- 建構内的主張一魏源「師夷之長技以制夷」和 早期議院論 --- p.20 / Chapter 二. --- 建構外的迥響一由王韜至譚嗣同 --- p.21 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究設計 --- p.28 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究問題 --- p.28 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究對象 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究方法 --- p.31 / Chapter 一. --- 定性研究 --- p.31 / Chapter 二. --- 内容分析法 --- p.32 / Chapter 三. --- 研究限制 --- p.35 / Chapter 第四章 --- 梁啓超、張之洞「民族國家觀念」的比較 --- p.37 / Chapter 第一節 --- 新觀念的發韌 --- p.38 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《新民¨®Ơ》中的「自甴主義」民族國家思想 --- p.45 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《開明專制論》透示的集體主義 --- p.51 / Chapter 第四節 --- 張之洞「中體西用論」文化觀 --- p.59 / Chapter 第五章 --- 民族國家底下的「民」 --- p.67 / Chapter 第一節 --- 張之洞的「子民」觀念 --- p.68 / Chapter 一. --- 「民」惟邦本，本固邦寧 --- p.68 / Chapter 二. --- 「保」民而王，天下莫之能禦也 --- p.70 / Chapter 三. --- 精忠「報」國 --- p.74 / Chapter 第二節 --- 梁啓超的「公民」性格 --- p.76 / Chapter 一. --- 主權在民 --- p.77 / Chapter 二. --- 「動」與公民性格 --- p.78 / Chapter 三. --- 「群性」與公民 --- p.82 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「子民」和「公民」的社會功能 --- p.84 / Chapter 第六章 --- 變法與敎育 --- p.91 / Chapter 第一節 --- 張之洞高度結構分殊取向與君權神授的協奏曲 --- p.92 / Chapter 一. --- 《勸學篇》中高度結構分殊取向 --- p.92 / Chapter 二. --- 「癸卯學制」的中體西用精神 --- p.97 / Chapter 第二節 --- 梁啓超普遍參與的取向 --- p.105 / Chapter 一. --- 「群性j與普遍參與取向 --- p.109 / Chapter 二. --- 《敎育政策私議》下「動」的敎學法 --- p.111 / Chapter 三. --- 從湖南時務學堂回顧「動」和「群性」 --- p.116 / Chapter 第三節 --- 報刊和學會的社會敎育 --- p.119 / Chapter 一. --- 官報宣國是，民報達民内情 --- p.121 / Chapter 二. --- 學會報刊的公共空間與普遍參與取向 --- p.123 / Chapter 第七章 --- 總結 --- p.128 / Chapter 第一節 --- 民族國家觀念再詮釋 --- p.128 / Chapter 第二節 --- 民族國家在當代的困境與契機 --- p.131 / Chapter 第三節 --- 結語 --- p.136 / 附錄 --- p.138 / 參考書目 --- p.151