The thesis goal was to evaluate the effect of selected breeding methods in Simmental cattle herd on chosen indicators calf birth weight, weight in the age of 120 and 210 days. The thesis deals with the evaluation of differences between sex and the comparison of calving seasons 2014 and 2015 and also shortly focus on the comparison of chosen sires and the evaluation of its effect on selected indicators. Proposal of measures in specific breeding based collected and statistically evaluated data in part of this thesis. As the first, using a linear model, analysed the effect of individual factors which can affect observed indicators was analysed. Afterwards the evaluation of difference between each factors category was done. Within first observed factor which was breeding method was found, that the best results are reached by embryotransfered calves with birth weight 46.81 kg, weight at 120 days 201.11 kg and weight at 210 days 318 kg. The weight at 210 days within artificial insemination group was only 304.33 kg and within natural breeding group 297.68 kg. Furthermore it was found that bulls reach better results in all observed indicators in comparison with heifers. In the light of birth difficultness is important birth weight which was 46.66 kg within group of bulls and 43.45 kg within group of heifers. Weight at 210 days was 321.59 kg, respectively 294.21 kg in case of heifers. It was also found that in 2015 the studied group of calves reached better results than in year 2014 in all observed indicators. Live weight in 210 days was 326 kg and 295.63 kg respectively. The evaluation of observed indicators according to sires showed that a sire significantly affects birth weight; however the effect was not significant on weight at 210 days. The best of compared sires was ZSI 478, birth weight of calves was 48.8 kg.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2013-10-14T17:49:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Ferreira de Oliveira. Identificação criadouro...pdf: 2425330 bytes, checksum: 8e57892a8663a4e761591208b7672960 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-14T17:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Ferreira de Oliveira. Identificação criadouro...pdf: 2425330 bytes, checksum: 8e57892a8663a4e761591208b7672960 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil. / Até o momento poucos microhábitats foram identificados como criadouros naturais de flebotomíneos, tendo maior sucesso trabalhos em regiões de clima úmido. O presente estudo, realizado em uma região de clima semiárido, investigou a ocorrência de criadouros naturais em uma série de microhábitats selecionados de acordo com a presença de umidade e matéria orgânica, além de redução de luminosidade. METODOS: 64 amostras de solo foram mensalmente coletadas no ambiente peridomiciliar ou intradomiciliar de cinco casas localizadas em Cavunge, distrito do município de Ipecaetá, uma região do semiárido do estado da Bahia, sendo analisada a emersão de flebotomíneos adultos pelas técnicas de observação direta e formas imaturas pela técnica de flutuação. Capturas de flebotomíneos adultos foram também realizadas, dispondo mensalmente armadilhas luminosas nos ambientes peridomiciliar e intradomiciliar. Das 1523 amostras de solo coletadas, 49 foram positivas para criadouros naturais, sendo encontrado um total de 64 flebotomíneos, a maioria (n = 40) pertencentes a espécie Lutzomyia longipalpis, encontradas principalmente em microhabitats como concavidades rochosas e em ocos de árvores. Dos 2002 flebotomíneos adultos capturados e identificados, a maioria (n = 1907) pertenceu a espécie L. longipalpis. Nas relações entre as variáveis climáticas e a emergência de flebótomos e os flebótomos capturados, observou-se uma relação de força moderada, e estatisticamente significativa na temperatura entre uma semana anterior à captura entomológica e densidade de flebótomos, indicando que para uma região semiárida este parâmetro climático é o mais apropriado na previsão de quantidade de formas adultas de flebotomíneos. Em conjunto, nossos resultados tanto acerca da caracterização dos criadouros naturais de flebotomíneos, quanto sua relação com variáveis climáticas, poderá servir como uma ferramenta auxiliar no direcionamento do controle biológico e controle da leishmaniose. / The majority of work attempting to identify new natural breeding sites for sandflies were performed in areas with humid weather. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the occurrence of natural breeding sites in a semi-arid region in a series of micro-habitats selected according to the presence of humidity, organic matter and reduced brightness. METHODS: Soil samples were collected monthly (n= 64) in the peridomestic and household environments of five houses located in the district of Cavunge Ipecaetá. Samples were analyzed by direct observation and floating technique. We also performed monthly entomological sand fly captures using light traps in the peridomestic and household areas. RESULTS: We were able to identify 49 positive samples from the 1523 soil samples collected and detected a total of 64 sand flies, the majority (n = 40) belonging to the species Lutzomyia longipalpis. Similarly, between 2002 sandflies captured and identified, the majority (n = 1907) belonged to the species L. longipalpis. There was a correlation of moderate strength between climatic data and the emergence and capture of sand flies and a statistically significant correlation between the temperature one week before the entomological capture and density of sandflies. These results indicate that in a semiarid region this climatic parameter is important to predict the amount of adult forms of sandflies. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results on the characterization of natural breeding sites of sand flies and the correlation with climatic variables could contribute as a tool in the direction of vector control.

The aim of this dissertation consists in analysing the results of the biotechnological techniques (insemination, embryotransfer) for a selected herd of meat-type cattle raised in a foothills countryside dutiny 5 years (2002 {--} 2006) and their comparison with natural breeding. The results this obtained are presented in dependence on the breed, fater{\crq}s origin and calving month. The analysis involves 795 Charolais calves and 450 meat-type Siemental calves. In the Charolais group insemination gave 275 calves, while natural breeding gave 520 calves. In the case of meat-type Siemental group the corresponding numbers are 179 and 271, accordingly. After embryotranfer we have got 4 Charolais calves and 15 calves of the other breed. The work evaluates the influence of the technique of breeding on to the rate of calf grow, with this investigation being performed in dependence on the breed. The meat-type Siemental bulls have shown a significant difference (p {>} 0,05) in the live weight of the calves 120 and 365 days old. In this age bulls born after insemination have been heavier (183,9 kg, 527,9 kg) in comparison with bulls born after natural breeding (172,4 kg, 497,0 kg). Concerming Charolais bulls, no statistically significant difference in the live weight have been found. In addition, no significant influence of the mode of breeding on to the live weight has been found for heifers of both breeds. Concerning the effect of the calving month on the rate of grow, the meat-type Siemntal calves have shown a highly statistically significant (p {>} 0,001) difference in the live weight of calves born in March. The live weights of calves born in March and weighed at 120, 210 and 365 days have been 181,17 kg, 289,2 kg and 510,31 kg, these values being valid for calves after insemination. The corresponding values for natural breeding are lower, particularly 168,26 kg, 271,37 kg and 439,59 kg. In addition a statistically considerable difference (p {>} 0,01) in the live weight has been found for calves 120 days old if the calves were born in April. Insemination has led to a live weight of 194,5 kg, while natural breeding to 168,9 kg. In the group of Charolais calves a statistically significant difference (p {>} 0,01 {--} 0,05) has been found at the age of 365 days. Calves born after insemination had a higher live weight (462,85 kg) as compared to those born after natural breeding (432,85 kg). As concerns the parameters characterising fertility, the following ones have been analysed: the service period (SP), the birth-to-birth interval and the percentage of becoming pregnanat after the first insemination. For the whole period under investigation, the SP value for the Charolais calves (T 100) has been 89,19 days while for the meat-type Siemental calves (S 100) 80,04 days. As concerns the birth-to-birth period found for Charolais (381,32 days) and the meat-type Siemental (390,35 days), it may be stated that these results are satisfactory. The percentage of becoming pregnant after the first insemination has shown a downword trend for both breeds in the course of the years under study. Investigated paramentrs of growth and reproduction are markedly influenced by the breed.