Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, (1998?). / Running title: Ancipatory nausea/vomiting. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2003. / Thesis advisor: Cheryl Watson. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Anesthesia in Bilogical Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-101). Also available via the World Wide Web.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine, Johannesburg, 2013 / Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a multifactorial, complex phenomenon that has been widely studied. Little work has been done in assessing the risk of PONV in South African population groups. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of racial background on the incidence of PONV in moderate to high-risk black versus non-black South African patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Methods A prospective, controlled observational study was carried out. After an initial power calculation, 82 patients in each group (164 in total) were required for the study. However, due to researcher availability, time constraints and a readjustment of the power calculation, 95 patients at moderate to high risk for PONV were enrolled onto the study over an extended study period of 20 months (initially the study period was planned to be 6 months). 89 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were divided according to race into two cohorts. Ondansetron and dexamethasone were used as PONV prophylaxis after induction of general anaesthesia. Propofol was used as the induction hypnotic with isoflurane to maintain anaesthesia. Nitrous oxide, ketamine and droperidol were avoided. Use of analgesics was unrestricted, but neuraxial and nerve plexus regional anaesthesia were avoided. If a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent was used, a maximum of 2.5mg of neostigmine was given to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Nausea and vomiting were assessed by means of a visual analogue scale in the recovery room and ward. Time intervals to assess degree of PONV were 0 hours (defined by first assessment of a modified Aldrete recovery score of at least 9 out of 10 and Glasgow Coma Scale of at least 14/15), 15 minutes, 90 minutes, 180 minutes, and 24 hours. Reports of incidents of vomiting and complaints of nausea between interviews were obtained from patients through questioning. Results There were 59 black participants and 30 non-black participants. There were 17 males and 72 females. There were no differences in the black and non-black groups with regard to gender, past history of motion sickness, past history of post operative nausea and vomiting, ASA status, smoking and anaesthetic time (p>0.05). There was a significant difference in the distribution of surgical procedures in the black and non-black participants (Mann Whitney U test, p= 0.02), although this did not affect the final result. On univariate analysis there were significant correlations between black South African ethnicity and nausea at all time intervals and also vomiting. Using multivariate regression analysis, non-black South African ethnicity was identified as a risk factor for PONV. It was found that black South African patients were protected against postoperative nausea, with a RR of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.28-0.60). Conclusion In this study we found that black South African ethnicity reduced the risk of PONV as compared with non-black South African ethnicity. We found that non-black South Africans had a similar risk of PONV to that published in international literature and predicted by the Apfel score, whereas the risk of PONV in similar Apfel scored black South African patients was much lower.

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Yes / Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms in palliative care. Haloperidol is often used as an antiemetic in this context, although direct evidence supporting this practice is limited. To evaluate the efficacy and clinical use of haloperidol as an antiemetic in nonpalliative care contexts to inform practice, the authors conducted a rapid review of (i) published evidence to supplement existing systematic reviews, and (ii) practical aspects affecting the use of haloperidol including formulations and doses that are commonly available internationally. In nausea and vomiting related to cancer treatment, haloperidol was superior to control in two small studies. In postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), two randomized controlledtrials found treatment with haloperidol comparable to ondansetron. In palliative care, an observational study found a complete response rate of 24% with haloperidol (one in four patients) which would be consistent with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 3 to 5 derived from PONV. There remains insufficient direct evidence to definitively support the use of haloperidol for the management of nausea and vomiting in palliative care. However, generalizing evidence from other clinical contexts may have some validity.

No description available.

No description available.

Nausea and vomiting are commonly experienced by women in pregnancy (NVP). Symptoms are usually limited to the first trimester, but can persist until birth. Both mild and more severe symptoms can have negative effects for the mother, her unborn child, and the family. Despite the frequency of NVP and associated distress, the exact cause is unknown and the condition remains poorly understood.<p> This secondary analysis explores nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, as determined by the Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy Instrument (NVPI), in a cohort of Canadian pregnant women at two gestational time points. The data analyzed in this study were originally from a longitudinal and epidemiological study of depression in pregnancy and into the postpartum. A population health approach has been used to examine psychosocial determinants of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.<p> During the second trimester, the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in this sample of 551 women was 63.3%, with 24% of women reporting moderate nausea and vomiting and 18.9% reporting severe symptoms. These rates are similar to other studies of women during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. In the final model, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy was associated with gestation (weeks), antiemetic medication use, employment status, worry, and symptoms of major depression.<p> During the third trimester, the prevalence of NVP in this sample of 575 women was 45.4%, with 8.2% reporting moderate nausea and vomiting and 14.3% reporting severe symptoms. These results exceed previous reports on prevalence beyond 20 weeks in pregnancy. In the final model, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy was associated with antiemetic medication use, worry, and symptoms of major depression. The presence of support and maternal smoking were found to have a protective effect.<p> The co-morbidity of nausea and vomiting, worry, and symptoms of major depression in this sample of pregnant women represents a significant public and mental health problem. Care providers need to screen pregnant women for nausea and vomiting and also screen women for depression in the presence of more severe NVP symptoms. Supportive measures that address both conditions may be necessary in order to improve the quality of life of pregnant women, their families, and to protect the unborn child from the effects of both nausea and vomiting and depression in pregnancy.

Nausea and vomiting are commonly experienced by women in pregnancy (NVP). Symptoms are usually limited to the first trimester, but can persist until birth. Both mild and more severe symptoms can have negative effects for the mother, her unborn child, and the family. Despite the frequency of NVP and associated distress, the exact cause is unknown and the condition remains poorly understood.<p> This secondary analysis explores nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, as determined by the Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy Instrument (NVPI), in a cohort of Canadian pregnant women at two gestational time points. The data analyzed in this study were originally from a longitudinal and epidemiological study of depression in pregnancy and into the postpartum. A population health approach has been used to examine psychosocial determinants of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.<p> During the second trimester, the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in this sample of 551 women was 63.3%, with 24% of women reporting moderate nausea and vomiting and 18.9% reporting severe symptoms. These rates are similar to other studies of women during the first and second trimester of pregnancy. In the final model, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy was associated with gestation (weeks), antiemetic medication use, employment status, worry, and symptoms of major depression.<p> During the third trimester, the prevalence of NVP in this sample of 575 women was 45.4%, with 8.2% reporting moderate nausea and vomiting and 14.3% reporting severe symptoms. These results exceed previous reports on prevalence beyond 20 weeks in pregnancy. In the final model, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy was associated with antiemetic medication use, worry, and symptoms of major depression. The presence of support and maternal smoking were found to have a protective effect.<p> The co-morbidity of nausea and vomiting, worry, and symptoms of major depression in this sample of pregnant women represents a significant public and mental health problem. Care providers need to screen pregnant women for nausea and vomiting and also screen women for depression in the presence of more severe NVP symptoms. Supportive measures that address both conditions may be necessary in order to improve the quality of life of pregnant women, their families, and to protect the unborn child from the effects of both nausea and vomiting and depression in pregnancy.

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing