Micromirror scanners are the most significant of the micro-optical actuator elements with applications in portable digital displays, automotive head-up displays, barcode scanners, optical switches and scanning optical devices in the health care arena for external scanning diagnostics and in vivo scanning diagnostics. Recent development in microscanning technology has seen a shift from conventional electrostatic actuation to electromagnetic actuation mechanisms with major advantages in the ability to produce large scan angles with low voltages, remote actuation, the absence of the pull-in failure mode and the acceptable electrical safety compared to their electrostatic counterparts. Although attempts have been made to employ silicon substrate based MEMS deposition techniques for magnetic materials, the quality and performance of the magnets are poor compared to commercial magnets. In this project, we have developed novel low-cost single and dual-axis polymer hard magnetic micromirror scanners with large scan angles and low power consumption by employing the hybrid fabrication technique of squeegee coating to combine the flexibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the superior magnetic performance of fine particle isotropic NdFeB micropowders. PCB coils produce the Lorentz force required to actuate the mirror for scanning applications. The problem of high surface roughness, low radius of curvature and the magnetic field interaction between the gimbal frame and the mirror have been solved by a part PDMS-part composite fabrication process. Optimum magnetic, electrical and time dependent parameters have been characterized for the high performance operating conditions of the micromirror scanner. The experimental results have been demonstrated to verify the large scan angle actuation of the micromirror scanners at low power consumption.

The dissertation thesis deal with the design and the optimization of the permanent magnet synchronous machine (SMPM) based on the artificial intelligence. The main target is to apply potential optimization methods on the design procedure of the machine and evaluate the effectiveness of optimization and the optimization usefulness. In general, the optimization of the material properties (NdFeB or SmCo), the efficiency maximization with given nominal input parameters, the cogging torque elimination are proposed. Moreover, the magnet shape optimization, shape of the air gap and the shape of slots were also performed. The well known Genetic algorithm and Self-Organizing migrating algorithm produced in Czech were presented and applied on the particular optimization issues. The basic principles (iterations) and definitions (penalty function and cost function) of proposed algorithms are demonstrated on the examples. The results of the vibration generator optimization (VG) with given power 7mW (0.1g acceleration) and the results of the SMPM 1,1kW (6 krpm) optimization are practically evaluated in the collaboration with industry. Proposed methods are useful for the optimization of PM machines and they are further theoretically applied on the low speed machine (10 krpm) optimization and high speed machine (120 krpm) optimization.

Im Rahmen der Dissertation wurde das Phänomen der Wechselwirkungsdomänen sowohl experimentell als auch unter Zuhilfenahme mikromagnetischer Simulationen untersucht. Gegenstand der Untersuchungen waren einphasige NdFeB-Magnete, die durch Heißpressen und anschließender Warmumformung hergestellt wurden. Zusätzlich wurden über den gleichen Herstellungsweg Kompositproben aus NdFeB und Fe mit unterschiedlichen Partikelausgangsgrößen erhalten und studiert. Korrelationsuntersuchungen verschiedener Messmethoden haben gezeigt, dass im thermisch entmagnetisierten Zustand die Grenzen der Wechselwirkungsdomänen an der Oberfläche größtenteils entlang von Korngrenzen verlaufen. Mittels in-situ MFM wurden erstmalig Untersuchungen von Wechselwirkungsdomänen an massiven NdFeB-Magneten im Magnetfeld durchgeführt. Die Ummagnetisierung erfolgt dabei über die Bewegung der Domänengrenze durch schrittweises Wandern von einer Korngrenze zur benachbarten. Die Beweglichkeit der Domänengrenzen ist durch das Haften an den Korngrenzen gehemmt, was sich in der geringeren Suszeptibilität der warmumgeformten Magnete im Vergleich zu Sintermagneten bemerkbar macht. Aufgrund der eingestellten Mikrostruktur in den warmumgeformten Magneten kann folglich gesagt werden, dass die Ummagnetisierungsprozesse sowohl Merkmale von klassischen Nukleations-, als auch von klassischen Pinningmagneten aufweisen. Mit Hilfe von mikromagnetischen Simulationen konnte eine Eindomänenteilchengröße prismatischer Partikel mit quadratischer Grundfläche ermittelt werden. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Winkel des Streufeldvektors eine entscheidende Rolle bei Ummagnetisiserungsprozessen in solchen Partikeln spielt. Die Superposition des Streufeldvektors mit dem Vektor des angelegten Feldes führt zu einem Gesamtfeldvektor, dessen Winkelabhängigkeit ein Stoner-Wohlfarth ähnliches Verhalten zeigt.

Kunststoffgebundene Dauermagnete kommen bereits seit einem dreiviertel Jahrhundert in diversen Anwendungen zum Einsatz. Dabei werden die gängigen Kunststoffverarbeitungsverfahren wie beispielsweise Spritzgießen, Extrudieren, Pressen und Kalandrieren angewandt. Ähnlich zu der Aufteilung in der Verarbeitung von herkömmlichen Kunststoffen, werden auch für die kunststoffgebundenen Dauermagnete nur selten duroplastische Matrixmaterialien im Spritzgießverfahren eingesetzt. Dabei bringt gerade diese Werkstoffklasse hervorragende Eigenschaften mit sich, die eine Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von kunststoffgebundenen Dauermagneten zur Folge haben können. Neben der Medien- und Temperaturbeständigkeit dieser Werkstoffklasse spielt dabei auch deren Viskosität eine bedeutende Rolle für diese Anwendung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit soll geprüft werden, ob der Einsatz duroplastischer Matrixmaterialien zu einer Verbesserung der Eigenschaften kunststoffgebundener Dauermagnete führen kann. Hierfür werden anisotrope Magnetpartikel in den Kunststoff eincompoundiert und während der Verarbeitung im Spritzgießverfahren orientiert. Dies geschieht durch ein integriertes Magnetfeld im Spritzgießwerkzeug. Insbesondere sollen der Einfluss des Matrixmaterials, der Partikelgeometrie, der Fließrichtung sowie des Richtfeldes auf die Partikelorientierung untersucht werden. Zusammen mit grundlegenden analytischen Untersuchungen der Ausgangsmaterialien sollen abschließend Richtlinien für eine Bauteilauslegung definiert und erste Ansätze für eine Simulation der magnetischen Bauteileigenschaften erarbeitet werden. / Polymer bonded magnets are used for different applications for over 70 years yet. These materials are produced within known polymer processing procedures as injection molding, extruding, compression molding and calendaring. However, as for standard plastics thermoset materials are seldom used in injection molding even though they show great potential regarding temperature and media resistance as well as in terms of a low viscosity. These properties could be of use in case of polymer bonded magnets. Within this work the use of thermoset matrix materials for polymer bonded magnets should be evaluated and thus their properties shall be improved. Therefore anistotropic magnetic particles will be incorporated in the thermoset matrix and they will be oriented during the injection molding process which requires a magnetic field in the cavity during processing. Especially the influences of the matrix material, the particle geometry, the flow direction and the aligning field on the particle orientation should be investigated and together with fundamental analytical procedures guidelines for engineering of parts should be generated as well as first approaches for a simulation of the part properties shall be given.

The work describes the design and implementation of compact inverter for brushless DC motor, which have mechanical power 600 W and rated torque 1.6 Nm. Motor is designed for DC link voltage with value 300 V. The focus is placed on the cost and simplicity. On this basis, the inverter is designed for uses single purpose power and control circuit. The power part is solved using a circuit FSBB15CH60C. The circuit is placed on a separate board of power electronics. Cooling of the power circuit is performed by the surface structure of BLDC motor. Control of the inverter ensures circuits LB11696V and NE566. The both circuits are placed on separate board of control electronics. Circuit LB11696V contains a control algorithm, as well as protections, which are necessary for safe operation of the inverter. Power supply of electronics is performed using step-down converter from MYRRA company.

The aim of this master thesis is to design and analyse a FSCW PMaSynRM (Permanent Magnet assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor) for industrial applications. The design process includes analytical calculations (initial design and PM amount minimization) and nite element method (FEM) based design optimization. An overcompensated design is proved to be advantageous for a 10-pole reluctance motor. A comparative analysis with other rotor topologies was made, where motor performance, temperature e ects and production costs are taken into account. Detailed curves which describe eciency, power factor and current with respect to ambient temperature are studied for the proposed motor designs at di erent working points. The demagnetization risk is also taken into account and the safe working temperature ranges have been dened for all the considered motors. The results show that the initial motor design with 10 poles/12 slots PMaSynRM with NdFeB magnets has poor performance in terms of eciency and power factor, with huge amount of PM inserted. This is mainly due to the lack of reluctance torque for this relatively higher number of poles solution. Moreover, it has been found in literature and conrmed in this investigation that this negative e ect for the 10-pole motor is amplied due to the presence of the concentrated winding. Indeed, it is shown by simulations that the motor performance is improved by employing 8 poles/12 slots PMaSynRM conguration with a relatively lower NdFeB magnet amount, thanks to the improved rotor anisotropy. The 10 poles/12 slots interior permanent magnet (IPM) and surface mounted permanent magnet (SMPM) topologies present higher performance due to the e ective utilization of PM, mainly or completely producing the torque. Hence, IPM and SMPM do not su er the lack of anisotropy. / Syftet med detta examensarbete ar att utforma och analysera en FSCW PMaSynRM (Permanent Magnet assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor) for industriella applikationer. Designprocessen omfattar analytiska berakningar (ursprungliga konstruktion och PM belopp minimering) och nita elementmetoden (FEM) baserad design optimering. En overkompenserad design visat sig vara fordelaktigt for en 10-polig reluktansmotor. En jamforande analys med andra rotor topologier gjordes, dar motor prestanda, temperature ekter och produktionskostnader beaktas. Detaljerade kurvor som beskriver e ektivitet, e ektfaktor och strom med avseende pa omgivningstemperatur studeras for de foreslagna motorn for vid olika arbetspunkter. Den avmagnetisering risken ocksa beaktas och sakerhetstemperaturomraden har denierats for alla ansag motorerna. Resultaten visar att den initiala motordesign med 10-polig/12 spar PMaSynRM med NdFeB magneter har daliga e ektivitet och e ektfaktor, med enorma mangder PM insatt. Detta ar framst pa grund av bristen pa reluktansvridmomentet for denna relativt hogre poltal losning. Dessutom har man funnit i litteraturen och bekraftat i denna unders okning att denna negativa e ekt for 10-polig motorn forstarks pa grund av narvaron av den koncentrerade lindningen. Faktum ar att det framgar av simuleringar att motorprestanda forbattras med en 8-polig/12 spar PMaSynRM konguration med en relativt lagre NdFeB magnet belopp, tack vare den forbattrade rotor anisotropi. Den 10-polig/12 spar interior permanentmagnet (IPM) och ytmonterade permanent magnet (SMPM) topologier presentera hogre prestanda tack vare ett e ektivt utnyttjande av PM och deras produktion vridmoment, huvudsakligen eller helt anfortrotts PM effekten.

In this thesis analysis and inovation of electric machines for cars is discused. There are described principles of basics DC and AC electric machines. In detail this thesis deals with small electric machines used in cars. At least, electro motor for wiper is investigated and possibilities of its inovation in different ways are also mantioned.