Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States and confronting its challenges has remained a problem to the United States health sector, especially among outpatient clinics. Guided by health belief model, the purpose of this needs assessment was to identify patients age 50 and older in outpatient clinic located in a large metropolitan city in Texas who should receive information on the need for colorectal cancer screening based on their risk for developing colorectal cancer as outlined by American Cancer Society. A sample of 70 charts of patients age 50-75 years was randomly selected and audited using descriptive statistics. Among the patients aged 50-75 years attending the outpatient clinic, 25.7% were African Americans, 71.4% were Hispanic, and 2.9% were Caucasians; 42.9% were male and 57.1% were female. The rate of colorectal cancer screening was 12.9%, a rate that is lower than the rate for all Texans, which was 54.1% - 59.2%. CRC screening was ordered for 62.9% of all patients; 24.2% of clinic patients were identified as being at high risk for colorectal cancer. The low rate of screening may hamper early detection of colorectal cancer in outpatient clinics setting. It is recommended that the outpatient clinic develop intensive campaign to increase patient awareness about the need for and benefits of colorectal cancer screening, especially for those at high risk for developing colorectal cancer. The findings of this study may raise awareness on the chasm in quality of health care availability and provide insight on colorectal cancer and its prevention.

This research presents data gathered through a needs assessment regarding approved supervision in Utah. A sample of ISO therapists in Utah gave descriptive facts about the current need for supervision in Utah as well as the number of therapists that are willing to provide supervision. Additionally, therapists that are not currently approved supervisors indicated whether or not they would be willing to become approved supervisors, what would make the designation more appealing, and what would impede them from becoming an approved supervisor. Therapists in agencies also gave information regarding how agencies currently view marriage and family therapy interns and their willingness to support approved supervision in Utah. Finally, therapists were given an opportunity to express their opinions in two open-ended questions. The findings indicate that there is an abundance of supervisors willing to provide supervision and many therapists are willing to become supervisors. The study also shows that many therapists are reluctant to become approved supervisors because of the time and cost that are associated with the current supervision process.

The purpose of this research was to gather the preferences of flight attendants for garment characteristics of the ideal flight attendant uniform, then translate those garment characteristics to design criteria. Using uniform silhouette, interior design lines and fabric characteristics as dependent variables, garment characteristics of clothing length and shape, sleeve length and shape, neckline, collar, pocket style, pocket placement, closing type, closing location, waist style, fabric care, color, type, stretch, weight, hand, surface and fabric design were selected as independent variables. The objectives of the study were to determine 1) the flight attendant preferences for an ideal uniform and 2) if a relationship existed between flight attendant age and garment characteristics and between flight attendant years of service and garment characteristics. A questionnaire was developed and tested as the instrument to be used to gather the wearer preferences and garment characteristics. The development of the questionnaire evolved through a series of pretests. Changes were made based on the reader comprehension of questions, terminology, illustrations and instructions. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, cross-tabulations and independent sample chi-square test. The data were gathered in the crew lounge of a major southeast airline. The sample consisted of 218 actively employed, Caucasian and non-Caucasian female flight attendants between the ages of 25 to 51 with 1 to 36 years of service. The findings indicated this group of flight attendants preferred three garments; shirt, slacks and cardigan sweater as uniform clothing, and no relationships existed between flight attendant age or flight attendant years of service and preferred garment characteristics. / Master of Science

A team of graduate students from Brigham Young University under the supervision of the main author, Dr. Henrichsen, collaborated on creating a book with an accompanying website, Basic Training and Resources for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (BTRTESOL). The entire program consists of 10 main sections with nearly 50 units addressing topics that novice teachers can choose from to help them prepare to teach English to non-native speakers. The BTRTESOL program answers the need for material designed for novice teachers, material that will help them to be better prepared in a minimalistic, non-overwhelming way. The goal of this program is that novice teachers will be more prepared to face the challenges and responsibilities that teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) brings. Each member of the BTRTESOL team created two units of the program. Each unit summarizes the information about each topic into a few pages of text that provides the minimum amount of information novices should know. The units then direct them to other sources in order to learn more. The program is still under development and is anticipated to be completed within the next few years with other TESOL MA students and Dr. Henrichsen completing subsequent units. This selected project details the making of two units of the BTRTESOL program, one in section one, "Basic Concepts," titled "Tutoring Guidelines," and one in section two, "Designing Programs and Lessons," titled "Designing an Overall Plan for a Course." The tutoring unit describes some guidelines for novice tutors, whether or not they have taught larger classes before. The course design unit describes the basics of creating a course curriculum. Novice tutors and teachers are frequently expected to plan everything for the tutoring sessions or courses as soon as they start their assignments. These units are designed to give them a starting point. In addition to an opening scenario, explanatory text, and resource connections, both of these units provide activities (i.e., a video clip or case studies) for visualization, analysis, reflection, and practical application.

Social isolation and loneliness (SIL) represent a growing public health and public policy concern, particularly among older adults. Half of older adults over the age of 60 are at risk of social isolation and one-third experience loneliness. SIL is a particular concern for individuals aging-in-place in low-density and rural areas. SIL increases the risk of premature death from all causes in older individuals, and results in $6.7 billion in additional Medicare spending annually. Tennessee is ranked tenth in the nation for risk of social isolation. Strategies to promote social connections are a critical step in designing age-friendly communities. A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of older adults (62 years and older) living in affordable housing apartment complexes in Hawkins County, TN was conducted in February and March 2023. Loneliness (UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale), social isolation (Lubben Social Network Scale 6-item), and sense of community (Brief Sense of Community Scale) were assessed. Data were also gathered on demographic characteristics, health status, social engagement, and strategies to support older adults aging-in-place. Data from 82 participants aged 62 to 95 (73.14 mean age; SD = 7.00) were analyzed. The majority of participants were female (67%), non-Hispanic White (93%), lived alone (90%), and were retired (84%) with an average annual income less than or equal to $14,225 (43%). Nearly half (44%) report their health as fair or poor compared to others their age and 79% of participants have 4 or more chronic conditions. Overall mean loneliness score indicated moderate loneliness (mean = 4.9; SD = 2.08; range 0-9). 48% were at risk of social isolation (mean = 13.35; SD = 6.14; range 0-29). The total mean sense of community score was moderate (mean = 22.9; SD = 1.09; range 0-40). Factors associated with SIL will be analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. Strategies to promote social engagement will be discussed. Living and growing older in rural communities is considered a primary risk factor for SIL. To support healthy aging, local efforts must include strategies to increase social engagement for rural older adults and their communities. Results from this needs assessment will be used to generate recommendations that can be used to improve social connectedness among older adults living in Hawkins County, TN.

With a majority of land in the United States being utilized for agricultural production, water resource conservation has become a significant topic of interest for natural resource agencies. In partnership with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and Natural Resources Conservation Service, Mississippi State University conducted a stream restoration project within its agricultural research properties in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi. Water sampling during storm-runoff events was conducted to assess changes in microbial, nutrient, and sediment concentrations and loads pre- and post-restoration. In addition to these water monitoring activities, a regional survey of Cooperative Extension Service agents with agriculture and natural resource responsibilities was conducted to assess the need for in-service training on water resource conservation topics. Water quality monitoring and agent survey data were used to evaluate the restoration project’s environmental impact and potential as a demonstration site for future agent training initiatives for water resource conservation.

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