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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

PREDICTING THE LOCATION AND DURATION OF TRANSIENT INDUCED LOW OR NEGATIVE PRESSURES WITHIN A LARGE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Svindland, Richard C. 01 January 2005 (has links)
Surge modeling is a tool used by engineers and utility owners in determining the surge pressures or transients that may result from routine pump and valve operations. Recent surge modeling work has focused on low and/or negative pressures within water distribution systems and how those occurrences could lead to intrusions. Effective surge modeling is needed in order to determine if the intrusion potential exists and what mitigation is needed to prevent intrusions. This work focuses on the generally unexplored area of using surge models to predict the location and duration of transient induced low and/or negative pressures within large complex water distribution systems. The studied system serves 350,000 people in the southeast United States, has 65 MGD of pumping capacity at two treatment plants, over 1500 miles of main and 12 storage tanks. This work focuses on the correlation between field data and the surge model using the author's extensive operational knowledge of the system, access to real-time SCADA data, and different celerity or wave speed values. This work also traces the steps taken by the author to locate areas within the system that experienced transient induced low and / or negative pressure.
2

Dynamique de bulles de cavitation dans des systèmes micro-confinés / Cavitation bubbles dynamics confined in microsystems

Scognamiglio, Chiara 15 December 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la cavitation, c’est-à-dire l’apparition d’une bulle dans un liquide soumis à une dépression. Le contrôle du processus est d’un grand intérêt dans plusieurs domaines, de l’hydrodynamique à la biologie. En fait ce phénomène, apparemment inoffensif, peut provoquer des graves dommages comme la fracture d’hélices ou la mort d’arbres. La première partie de la thèse se focalise sur la cavitation dans un système biomimétique. Il s’agit de micro-volumes d’eau encapsulés dans un milieu poro-élastique. L’évaporation de l’eau à travers l’hydrogel génère des pressions négatives et finalement l’apparition d’une bulle. Lorsque la première bulle de cavitation apparait dans une cellule, elle peut déclencher en quelques microsecondes l’apparition d’autres bulles dans les cellules voisines, en amorçant un effet d’avalanche ultra-rapide. Nous résolvons la dynamique et l’acoustique des bulles, dans le cas des événements uniques ou multiples. La réalisation d’un dispositif innovant ou les volumes du liquide sont encapsulés entre l’hydrogel et une lame de verre ouvre la voie à l’investigation de l’eau métastable. Une deuxième partie du travail a été consacrée à une étude interdisciplinaire où la microfluifique et la biologie sont combinées et appliqués à la livraison de médicament. Le dispositif est composé d’un vaisseau sanguin artificiel en communication avec un tissu cible placé dans un compartiment créé exprès. Les parois du canal microfluidique sont tapissées de cellules endothéliales pour reproduire la paroi réelle d’un vaisseau sanguin in vivo. Ce dispositif permet l’étude des effets des bulles activées par des ultrasons sur la barrière endothéliale. / The present thesis focuses on cavitation process, meaning nucleation and dynamics of a bubble within a liquid as a result of pressure decrease. In particular, we investigate the growth of the vapor phase in micrometric volumes of water confined by a poro-elastic material. In systems where water is encapsulated in a porous medium, molecules can evaporate from the pores resulting in a remarkable pressure reduction and bubbles nucleation. Once a vapor bubble nucleates, it can trigger within few microseconds the appearance of other bubbles in the neighbor cavities, activating an ultra-fast avalanche-like phenomenon. We resolved the dynamics and acoustics of cavitation bubbles, in case of singles or multiple nucleation events. The realization of an innovative device where water is encapsulated between a porous material and a glass window opens the way for metastable water investigation. A second part of the manuscript is devoted to a new project where microfluidics and biology are combined and applied to drug delivery. The device consists of an artificial blood vessel in communication with the target tissue accommodated in a purposely designed compartment (tissue-on-a-chip). The walls of the microfluidic channel mimicking the vessel are lined with endothelial cells to reproduce the actual walls of in vivo blood vessels. This device allows to investigate the effects of ultrasound-activated bubbles on the blood vessels wall.

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