The Greater Vancouver Region is in an era of growth, fundamental change, and reexamination of regional and local quality of life. Within this context, the complete community policies of the Livable Region Strategic Plan have been developed to help achieve a region where human community flourishes within the built and natural environment. At the same time as these policies respond to change, they also demand significant alterations to community and regional priorities and practices. Accepting and pursuing complete community objectives of compactness, diversity and choice in existing suburban communities represents particular challenges. While regional policy reflects a general appreciation of this fact, understanding these challenges from a local perspective is essential to successfully weaving complete community goals into the existing regional fabric, and is the problem addressed by this thesis. Through both a literature review and case study approach, the research sought to identify the factors which support and constrain progress towards more complete communities through local planning in established neighbourhoods. The thesis focuses on the case study of the Lynn Valley community planning process in order to explore how the local perspective might modify inherently regional complete community goals and expectations. The study concludes that achieving a balance between regional goals and local interests is most critical in the Greater Vancouver metropolitan setting. The Lynn Valley case suggests that factors affecting community planning outlined in the literature are realistic and valid in practice. It further suggests that the prospects for achieving complete communities in established neighbourhoods will be influenced by local perspectives on: growth, change, aging in place, and a spirit of fairness in accepting change among local communities. The complete community vision resonates at the local level. Complete community objectives and strategies may be accepted locally to the degree they are seen as a means to achieve community aspirations and improve the quality of life of residents over their life cycle.

The Greater Vancouver Region is in an era of growth, fundamental change, and reexamination of regional and local quality of life. Within this context, the complete community policies of the Livable Region Strategic Plan have been developed to help achieve a region where human community flourishes within the built and natural environment. At the same time as these policies respond to change, they also demand significant alterations to community and regional priorities and practices. Accepting and pursuing complete community objectives of compactness, diversity and choice in existing suburban communities represents particular challenges. While regional policy reflects a general appreciation of this fact, understanding these challenges from a local perspective is essential to successfully weaving complete community goals into the existing regional fabric, and is the problem addressed by this thesis. Through both a literature review and case study approach, the research sought to identify the factors which support and constrain progress towards more complete communities through local planning in established neighbourhoods. The thesis focuses on the case study of the Lynn Valley community planning process in order to explore how the local perspective might modify inherently regional complete community goals and expectations. The study concludes that achieving a balance between regional goals and local interests is most critical in the Greater Vancouver metropolitan setting. The Lynn Valley case suggests that factors affecting community planning outlined in the literature are realistic and valid in practice. It further suggests that the prospects for achieving complete communities in established neighbourhoods will be influenced by local perspectives on: growth, change, aging in place, and a spirit of fairness in accepting change among local communities. The complete community vision resonates at the local level. Complete community objectives and strategies may be accepted locally to the degree they are seen as a means to achieve community aspirations and improve the quality of life of residents over their life cycle. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Nanomanufacturing is critical to the future growth of U.S. manufacturing. Yet the process yield of current nanodevices is typically 10% or less. Particularly in nanomaterials growth, there may exist large variability across the sites on a substrate, which could lead to variability in properties. Essential to the reduction of variability is to mathematically describe the spatial variation of nanostructure. This research therefore aims at a method of modeling and estimating nanostructure morphology variation for process yield improvement. This method consists of (1) morphology variation modeling based on Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) theory, and (2) maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of morphology variation model based on measurement data. The research challenge lies in the proper definition and estimation of the interactions among neighboring nanostructures. To model morphology variation, nanostructures on all sites are collectively described as a GMRF. The morphology variation model serves for the space-time growth model of nanostructures. The probability structure of the GMRF is specified by a so-called simultaneous autoregressive scheme, which defines the neighborhood systems for any site on a substrate. The neighborhood system characterizes the interactions among adjacent nanostructures by determining neighbors and their influence on a given site in terms of conditional auto-regression. The conditional auto-regression representation uniquely determines the precision matrix of the GMRF. Simulation of nanostructure morphology variation is conducted for various neighborhood structures. Considering the boundary effects, both finite lattice and infinite lattice models are discussed. The simultaneous autoregressive scheme of the GMRF is estimated via the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. The MLE estimation of morphology variation requires the approximation of the determinant of the precision matrix in the GMRF. The absolute term in the double Fourier expansion of a determinant function is used to approximate the coefficients in the precision matrix. Since the conditional MLE estimates of the parameters are affected by coding the date, different coding schemes are considered in the estimation based on numerical simulation and the data collected from SEM images. The results show that the nanostructure morphology variation modeling and estimation method could provide tools for yield improvement in nanomanufacturing.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T13:50:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCMT.pdf: 3540141 bytes, checksum: e392913d01ce26b3d8bd932aa7e84611 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:31:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCMT.pdf: 3540141 bytes, checksum: e392913d01ce26b3d8bd932aa7e84611 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-27T19:31:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCMT.pdf: 3540141 bytes, checksum: e392913d01ce26b3d8bd932aa7e84611 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T19:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCCMT.pdf: 3540141 bytes, checksum: e392913d01ce26b3d8bd932aa7e84611 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The generation of Reactive Production Scheduling (PRP) in order to minimize the makespan is an important activity in the manufacturing industry, in view of the numerous articles reflecting this search today. Among these studies highlight the global search use in hybridization or collaboration with local search, especially of Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). But see that the neighborhood structures used are not related to the goal of makespan minimization or when they are, are difficult to obtain. In order to cover this topic, this thesis proposes the hypothesis that a strongly correlated neighborhood structure with objective of makespan minimization in PRP problems, based on spanning tree, and applied on a collaboration among a genetic algorithm with VNS, perform better or equal to those obtained by other studies using other neighborhood structures or without the use of local search. The purpose was to construct a collaboration of GA and VNS using a neighborhood structure based on the mapping of the solution in the spanning tree associated with the problem, in the local search time, and operating with the insert, swap and 2-opt operators. The planning of experiments for validation contemplated since the implementation and comparison of four variants of reactive production scheduling in three job shop scenarios of different sizes. Each pair of comparisons had its calculated sample size and has been tested with the appropriate hypothesis test. The four variants were compared: Genetic Algorithm only and three collaborations of GA with VNS using the neighborhood structure proposal and two other neighborhood structures (Critical Path and Natural Representation) found in the literature review. The scenarios came from Taillard base. The tests corroborate the hypothesis, with 95% confidence, compared to other works and the main contribution of this thesis is to create an efficient method for minimizing makespan in PRP. / A geração de Programação Reativa da Produção (PRP), com o objetivo de minimizar o makespan, é uma atividade importante na indústria manufatureira, tendo em vista os numerosos artigos que abordam esta pesquisa na atualidade. Dentre estas pesquisas, destaca-se o uso de hibridização ou colaboração de busca global com busca local, notadamente de Algoritmo Genético (AG) com Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). Porém, nota-se que as estruturas de vizinhança utilizadas não são correlatas à função de minimização de makespan ou, quando o são, são de difícil obtenção. Com o intuito de cobrir tal tópico, esta tese propõe a hipótese de que uma estrutura de vizinhança fortemente correlata ao objetivo de minimização de makespan em problemas de PRP, baseando-se em árvore de cobertura e aplicada em uma colaboração de algoritmo genético e VNS, obtém resultados melhores aos obtidos por outros trabalhos, que fazem uso de outras estruturas de vizinhança ou que não utilizam a busca local. A proposta é a construção de um método de colaboração entre AG e VNS usando uma estrutura de vizinhança baseada no mapeamento da solução, em tempo de busca local, na árvore de cobertura associada ao problema, atuando com os operadores insert, swap e 2-opt. O planejamento dos experimentos para validação contempla a execução e comparação de quatro variantes de solução de problemas de Programação Reativa da Produção em três cenários de job shop de diversas dimensões. Cada par de comparações tem seu tamanho amostral calculado e é examinado com o teste de hipótese adequado. As quatro variantes comparadas são: Algoritmo Genético e três colaborações entre Algoritmo Genético e Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) usando a estrutura de vizinhança proposta e outras duas estruturas de vizinhança (Caminho Crítico e Representação Natural) encontradas na revisão da literatura. Os cenários vem da base Taillard. Os testes corroboram a hipótese com 95% de confiança na comparação com outros trabalhos e a principal contribuição desta tese é a criação de um método eficiente para minimização de makespan em PRP.