by Kai-Hang Choi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-232). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiii / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Role of GIS in Health Studies --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Human cancer --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Environment and Cancer --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- Cancer Etiology and Epidemiology --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5 --- Observational Cancer Epidemiology --- p.15 / Chapter 2.6 --- Geography of Cancer --- p.17 / Chapter 2.7 --- Geographical Epidemiology of Cancer --- p.19 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Geographical Variation in Cancer Occurrence --- p.21 / Chapter 2.7.1.1 --- Cancer Mapping --- p.24 / Chapter 2.7.1.2 --- Spatial Autocorrelation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Identifying Causal Association --- p.29 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Environmental Factors of Cancer --- p.31 / Chapter 2.8 --- Geographical Information Systems --- p.40 / Chapter 2.9 --- GIS and Health --- p.41 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- GIS Applications in Health Planning --- p.42 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- GIS Applications in Health Research --- p.43 / Chapter 2.10 --- Cancer Studies with GIS --- p.45 / Chapter 2.11 --- Conclusion --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- THE STUDY AREA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Disease Transition in Hong Kong --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Cancer in Contemporary Hong Kong --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Trends of Cancer Mortality and Incidence --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- The Common Types of Cancer --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Geographical Variation of Cancer in Hong Kong --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4 --- The Research --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Cartographic Analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Statistical Analyses --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Cancer Variables --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Environmental Variables --- p.70 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.71 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- DATABASE CONSTRUCTION --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- Data Collection --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Base Maps --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Cancer Data --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Socio-demographic Data --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Air Pollution --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- ELF EMFs --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3 --- Data Input --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Spatial Data --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Base Maps --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Point Data --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Line Data --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Attribute Data --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4 --- Data Editing and Conversions --- p.80 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Spatial Data --- p.80 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- Standard Coverage Editing Procedures --- p.80 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- Specific Coverage Editing Procedures --- p.81 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Attribute Data --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Cancer Rates --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Socio-economic Status --- p.85 / Chapter 4.5 --- Data Pre-processing and Manipulation --- p.86 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Socio-economic Variables --- p.86 / Chapter 4.5.1.1 --- Interpretation of Factor Scores --- p.97 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Compromised Traffic Index --- p.99 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- ELFEMFs --- p.104 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.106 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS --- p.111 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.111 / Chapter 5.2 --- Geographical Analysis of Cancer Patterns --- p.111 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Results --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Total Cancer --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Cancer of the Female Breast --- p.118 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- Cancer of the Cervix Uteri (Cervical Cancer) --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2.1.4 --- Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (Colorectal Cancer) --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.1.5 --- Cancer of the Stomach (Gastric Cancer) --- p.129 / Chapter 5.2.1.6 --- Leukaemia --- p.129 / Chapter 5.2.1.7 --- Cancer of the Liver --- p.134 / Chapter 5.2.1.8 --- Cancer of the Lung --- p.143 / Chapter 5.2.1.9 --- Cancer of the Nasopharynx (NPC) --- p.149 / Chapter 5.2.1.10 --- Cancer of the Oesophagus --- p.154 / Chapter 5.3 --- Correlation among Cancer Variables --- p.160 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Correlation among Cancer types --- p.160 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Temporal Correlation among Cancers --- p.168 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Correlation between Cancer Mortality and Incidence --- p.170 / Chapter 5.4 --- Correlation between Cancer and Environmental Variables --- p.172 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Results --- p.174 / Chapter 5.5 --- Weighted Stepwise Regression Modeling --- p.182 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Results --- p.183 / Chapter 5.5.1.1 --- Total Cancer --- p.184 / Chapter 5.5.1.2 --- Cancer of the Female Breast --- p.186 / Chapter 5.5.1.3 --- Cancer of the Cervix Uteri (Cervical Cancer) --- p.188 / Chapter 5.5.1.4 --- Cancer of the Colon and Rectum --- p.189 / Chapter 5.5.1.5 --- Cancer of the Stomach (Gastric Cancer) --- p.191 / Chapter 5.5.1.6 --- Leukaemia --- p.193 / Chapter 5.5.1.7 --- Cancer of the Liver --- p.195 / Chapter 5.5.1.8 --- Cancer of the Lung --- p.197 / Chapter 5.5.1.9 --- Cancer of the Nasopharynx (NPC) --- p.199 / Chapter 5.5.1.10 --- Cancer of the Oesophagus --- p.201 / Chapter 5.6 --- Interpretations of Results --- p.203 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- CONCLUSION --- p.207 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of Findings --- p.207 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Summary on Geographical Analysis of Cancer Patterns --- p.207 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Summary on Statistical Analysis of Cancer Variables --- p.209 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Summary on Associations between Cancers and Environment --- p.211 / Chapter 6.2 --- Research Limitations --- p.212 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implications for Future Studies --- p.215 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.217 / APPENDICES --- p.233 / Appendix I Community Map of hong Kong --- p.234 / Appendix II List of Communities and their Components --- p.236 / Appendix III Tertiary Planning Units (TPUs) - Community Conversion Lists --- p.240 / Appendix IV BASIC Program for Calculating Moran and Geary Indices --- p.244

by Siu-Fai Leung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-81). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Mortality and Socioeconomic Status --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Plan and Difficulties Encountered in the Study --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- Imputation and File Merging --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Structure and Contents of Data Sets --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Imputation of Missing Values --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Merging Data Sets --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Merging Death Data and Census Data --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Merging Two Census Data Sets --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Final Data Set Used in Modeling --- p.31 / Chapter 3 --- Modeling and Estimation --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Discrete-Time Hazard Function Analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- The Hazard Function --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Logistic Regression --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Application of Discrete-Time Hazard Model on the Death Data Set --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Preparing the Person-Period Data Set --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Modeling the Person-Period Data Set --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Combining Results from different imputed data sets --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4 --- Estimation of Cell Probabilities --- p.51 / Chapter 4 --- Model Adequacy Checking --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Definition of Residuals in Multiple Imputation --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Residual Analysis of The Cancer Mortality Model --- p.59 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.63 / Chapter 5.1 --- The Cancer Mortality --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2 --- Competing Risk --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.72 / Appendix A: Coding Description of District --- p.75 / Appendix B: Results of the Heart Diseases Mortality Model --- p.76 / Bibliography --- p.80