Com o desenvolvimento e disseminação dos protocolos de rede, o surgimento dos chips de ASIC e queda dos preços do silício (estes dois últimos fatores possibilitando com que os sensores e atuadores pudessem ser equipados com interfaces de rede e com isso se tornarem nós independentes em uma rede de controle em tempo real), viabilizaram o desenvolvimento dos sistemas de controle em rede que hoje em dia vêm sendo amplamente utilizados. Juntamente com o aparecimento dos sistemas de controle em rede, novos problemas surgiram sendo um deles o atraso de transporte nas comunicações dos sensores/atuadores/controladores e as conseqüências relacionadas a este fator. Este trabalho tem por objetivo contextualizar sistemas de controle em rede no que concerne novas metodologias de sistemas de controle, escalonamento e apresentar as influências causadas pela comunicação em redes Foundation Fieldbus no desempenho de sistemas de controle. / The development and dissemination of network protocols, the arising of ASIC chip and price drops in silicon (these two last factors allow sensors and actuators be equipped with network interfaces and thus become independent nodes in a real-time control network), make the development of Networked Control Systems possible, which became widely used. New issues - such as an increase in the communication delay among distributed sensors, controller, and actuators have to be handled by designers when developing networked control systems in order to ensure that stability and other usual control performance requirements are met. In this work, the timing behavior of a networked control developed using a Foundation Fieldbus-based network is studied and in particular the impact that communication parameters as jitter, macrocycle, and message scheduling have on control performance metrics like overshoot and settling time are evaluated both theoretically as well as experimentally.

Com o desenvolvimento e disseminação dos protocolos de rede, o surgimento dos chips de ASIC e queda dos preços do silício (estes dois últimos fatores possibilitando com que os sensores e atuadores pudessem ser equipados com interfaces de rede e com isso se tornarem nós independentes em uma rede de controle em tempo real), viabilizaram o desenvolvimento dos sistemas de controle em rede que hoje em dia vêm sendo amplamente utilizados. Juntamente com o aparecimento dos sistemas de controle em rede, novos problemas surgiram sendo um deles o atraso de transporte nas comunicações dos sensores/atuadores/controladores e as conseqüências relacionadas a este fator. Este trabalho tem por objetivo contextualizar sistemas de controle em rede no que concerne novas metodologias de sistemas de controle, escalonamento e apresentar as influências causadas pela comunicação em redes Foundation Fieldbus no desempenho de sistemas de controle. / The development and dissemination of network protocols, the arising of ASIC chip and price drops in silicon (these two last factors allow sensors and actuators be equipped with network interfaces and thus become independent nodes in a real-time control network), make the development of Networked Control Systems possible, which became widely used. New issues - such as an increase in the communication delay among distributed sensors, controller, and actuators have to be handled by designers when developing networked control systems in order to ensure that stability and other usual control performance requirements are met. In this work, the timing behavior of a networked control developed using a Foundation Fieldbus-based network is studied and in particular the impact that communication parameters as jitter, macrocycle, and message scheduling have on control performance metrics like overshoot and settling time are evaluated both theoretically as well as experimentally.

Com o desenvolvimento e disseminação dos protocolos de rede, o surgimento dos chips de ASIC e queda dos preços do silício (estes dois últimos fatores possibilitando com que os sensores e atuadores pudessem ser equipados com interfaces de rede e com isso se tornarem nós independentes em uma rede de controle em tempo real), viabilizaram o desenvolvimento dos sistemas de controle em rede que hoje em dia vêm sendo amplamente utilizados. Juntamente com o aparecimento dos sistemas de controle em rede, novos problemas surgiram sendo um deles o atraso de transporte nas comunicações dos sensores/atuadores/controladores e as conseqüências relacionadas a este fator. Este trabalho tem por objetivo contextualizar sistemas de controle em rede no que concerne novas metodologias de sistemas de controle, escalonamento e apresentar as influências causadas pela comunicação em redes Foundation Fieldbus no desempenho de sistemas de controle. / The development and dissemination of network protocols, the arising of ASIC chip and price drops in silicon (these two last factors allow sensors and actuators be equipped with network interfaces and thus become independent nodes in a real-time control network), make the development of Networked Control Systems possible, which became widely used. New issues - such as an increase in the communication delay among distributed sensors, controller, and actuators have to be handled by designers when developing networked control systems in order to ensure that stability and other usual control performance requirements are met. In this work, the timing behavior of a networked control developed using a Foundation Fieldbus-based network is studied and in particular the impact that communication parameters as jitter, macrocycle, and message scheduling have on control performance metrics like overshoot and settling time are evaluated both theoretically as well as experimentally.

Neste trabalho, estuda-se o sistema de controle distribuído de um veículo submarino não tripulado, assumindo-se um sistema com recursos computacionais limitados. A princípio, são discutidos as fontes e os efeitos dos atrasos de tempo introduzidos pela escassez de recursos. Após o detalhamento da modelagem do veículo LAURS, compara-se o desempenho de alguns compensadores de atraso encontrados na literatura. Para isso, um simulador do sistema de controle do veículo LAURS é desenvolvido com o auxílio de uma ferramenta para Matlab que permite simular os aspectos temporais de um sistema limitado. A partir dos resultados das simulações, incluindo-se o estudo de um cenário, conclue-se que embora os compensadores de atraso melhorem o desempenho do sistema de controle, o custo reduzido de um sistema computacional limitado não justifica a incerteza de desempenho que uma aplicação crítica, como é o caso do veículo submarino não tripulado, apresentará. O resultado das simulações é validado estatisticamente. / This work studies the networked control system of the unmanned underwater vehicle LAURS considering a resource-constrained computer system. At first, delays sources and effects are discussed. The LAURS model is obtained and used for comparison of delay compensation strategies found in the literature. A simulator for the LAURS control system is developed with the aid of a Matlab Toolbox that emulates timing aspects of the limited operating system and network. Considering the simulation results, including a case scenario, it is argued that despite improving performance, the control system with delay compensation strategies remains unpredictable and prone to fail. Therefore, it is not recommended for critical systems such as the unmanned vehicle LAURS, even with the reduced costs of a resource-constrained computer system. The simulation results are statistically validated.

Networked predictive control is a new research method for Networked Control Systems (NCS), which is able to handle network-induced problems such as time-delay, data dropouts, packets disorders, etc. while stabilizing the closed-loop system. This work is an extension and complement of networked predictive control methodology. There is always present model uncertainties or physical nonlinearity in the process of NCS. Therefore, it makes the study of the robust control of NCS and that of networked nonlinear control system (NNCS) considerably important. This work studied the following three problems: the robust control of networked predictive linear control systems, the control scheme for networked nonlinear control systems (NNCS) and the robust control of NNCS. The emphasis is on stability analysis and the design of robust control. This work adapted the two control schemes, namely, the time-driven and the event driven predictive controller for the implementation of NCS. It studied networked linear control systems and networked nonlinear control systems. Firstly, time-driven predictive controller is used to compensate for the networked-induced problems of a class of networked linear control systems while robustly stabilizing the closed-loop system. Secondly, event-driven predictive controller is applied to networked linear control system and NNCS and the work goes on to solve the robust control problem. The event-driven predictive controller brings great benefits to NCS implementation: it makes the synchronization of the clocks of the process and the controller unnecessary and it avoids measuring the exact values of the individual components of the network induced time-delay. This work developed the theory of stability analysis and robust synthesis of NCS and NNCS. The robust stability analysis and robust synthesis of a range of different system configurations have been thoroughly studied. A series of methods have been developed to handle the stability analysis and controller design for NCS and NNCS. The stability of the closed-loop of NCS has been studied by transforming it into that of a corresponding augmented system. It has been proved that if some equality conditions are satisfied then the closed-loop of NCS is stable for an upper-bounded random time delay and data dropouts. The equality conditions can be incorporated into a sub-optimal problem. Solving the sub-optimal problem gives the controller parameters and thus enables the synthesis of NCS. To simplify the calculation of solving the controller parameters, this thesis developed the relationship between networked nonlinear control system and a class of uncertain linear feedback control system. It proves that the controller parameters of some types of networked control system can be equivalently derived from the robust control of a class of uncertain linear feedback control system. The methods developed in this thesis for control design and robustness analysis have been validated by simulations or experiments.

Neste trabalho, estuda-se o sistema de controle distribuído de um veículo submarino não tripulado, assumindo-se um sistema com recursos computacionais limitados. A princípio, são discutidos as fontes e os efeitos dos atrasos de tempo introduzidos pela escassez de recursos. Após o detalhamento da modelagem do veículo LAURS, compara-se o desempenho de alguns compensadores de atraso encontrados na literatura. Para isso, um simulador do sistema de controle do veículo LAURS é desenvolvido com o auxílio de uma ferramenta para Matlab que permite simular os aspectos temporais de um sistema limitado. A partir dos resultados das simulações, incluindo-se o estudo de um cenário, conclue-se que embora os compensadores de atraso melhorem o desempenho do sistema de controle, o custo reduzido de um sistema computacional limitado não justifica a incerteza de desempenho que uma aplicação crítica, como é o caso do veículo submarino não tripulado, apresentará. O resultado das simulações é validado estatisticamente. / This work studies the networked control system of the unmanned underwater vehicle LAURS considering a resource-constrained computer system. At first, delays sources and effects are discussed. The LAURS model is obtained and used for comparison of delay compensation strategies found in the literature. A simulator for the LAURS control system is developed with the aid of a Matlab Toolbox that emulates timing aspects of the limited operating system and network. Considering the simulation results, including a case scenario, it is argued that despite improving performance, the control system with delay compensation strategies remains unpredictable and prone to fail. Therefore, it is not recommended for critical systems such as the unmanned vehicle LAURS, even with the reduced costs of a resource-constrained computer system. The simulation results are statistically validated.