Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Antonio Padilha Feltrin / Banca: Luiz Carlos Pereira da Silva / Banca: Eduardo Nobuhiro Asada / Resumo: O Problema de Planejamento da Expansão de Sistemas de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica consiste em se escolher, entre um conjunto pré-definido de circuitos candidatos, aqueles que devem ser incorporados ao sistema de forma a minimizar os custos de investimento e operação ao e atender a demanda de energia futura ao longo de um horizonte de planejamento com confiabilidade, assumindo como conhecido o plano de geração. É considerado um problema muito complexo e difícil por se tratar de um problema não linear inteiro misto, não convexo, multimodal e altamente combinatório. Este problema tem sido solucionado usando técnicas clássicas como Decomposição ao de Benders e Branch and Bound, assim como também algoritmos heurísticos e metaheurísticas obtendo diversos resultados, mais com uma série de problemas como, por exemplo, alto esforço computacional e problemas de convergência. Neste trabalho apresentam-se duas novas técnicas de solução para o problema, a saber, as metaheurísticas Busca em Vizinhança Variável e a Busca Dispersa. A Busca em Vizinhança Variável é uma técnica baseada em trocas de estruturas de vizinhança dentro de um algoritmo de busca local, e a metaheurística Busca Dispersa, um método evolutivo que combina sistematicamente conjuntos de soluções para se obter solucões melhores. Essas técnicas de solução oferecem novas alternativas de solução que oferecem solução aos problemas encontrados com outros métodos, como é um baixo esforço computacional é uma melhor convergência, sendo este o principal aporte do trabalho. Os algoritmos são apresentados sistematicamente, explicando os seus algoritmos e a forma como são adaptados para resolver o problema do planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão considerando-se a modelagem matemática conhecida com o modelo de transporte e o modelo DC. São realizados testes com os sistemas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Electric Energy Transmission Network Expansion Problem consist in choose among a set of pre-defined circuits candidates, who must be incorporated into the system so as to minimize the investment costs and operation and meet the future energy demand over a planning horizon with reliability, assuming the generation plan is known. It is a very complex and difficult problem because it is non linear, non convex, multimodal and highly combinatorial. This problem has been solved using traditional techniques such as Benders decomposition and Branch and Bound, as well as heuristic algorithms and metaheuristics getting different results, but with a series of problems such as high computational effort and convergence problems. This paper tests out two new techniques for solving the problem as are the metaheuristics Variable Neighborhood Search and Scatter Search. The Variable Neighborhood Search is a technique based on trading structures within a neighborhood of a local search algorithm, and the Scatter Search metaheuristic is a method which combines systematically sets of solutions in an evolutionary way to achieve better solutions. These solution techniques offer new alternatives to solve the problems encountered with other methods, such as a low computational effort and better convergence, which is the main contribution of this work. The techniques are presented systematically, explaining their algorithms and the way they are adapted to solve the network expansion planning problem based on the mathematical model known as the transportation model and the DC model. They are tested with the systems Southern Brazilian with 46 buses and the IEEE 24 buses system, results are compared with those obtained with other metaheuristics, obtaining excellent results with a best performance both in processing speed as in computational effort. / Doutor

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-23T15:51:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katia Valeria Alves de Lima - 2017.pdf: 5061098 bytes, checksum: 5ab2a3bbfa223d17d49e7e72f7a93991 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-23T15:55:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katia Valeria Alves de Lima - 2017.pdf: 5061098 bytes, checksum: 5ab2a3bbfa223d17d49e7e72f7a93991 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T15:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katia Valeria Alves de Lima - 2017.pdf: 5061098 bytes, checksum: 5ab2a3bbfa223d17d49e7e72f7a93991 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Outro / The present study is linked to the State, Policies, and History of Education research line from the graduate program in Education of UFG. Its main theme is “the creation of the Federal Education Network of Scientific and Technological Professional Education (RFECPT) and the creation of the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso (IFMT)”. This process is considered important because it allows the access to the professional education targeted to the socioeconomic reality of each region served by the institute. In this sense, this research focuses not only to the consolidation of the Federal Network in the state of Mato Grosso but it also questions: which were the political-administrative elements that influenced the expansion in the process of implementation of the IFMT in Mato Grosso? Thus, the research aims to identify and problematize such public policies and its implications in the IFMT area of influence, and also to analyze the objectives of diversification of formation areas, arising from the restructuring of the Federal Education Network of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso, and to examine if the expansion to the countryside coheres with the reality of the socioeconomic aspects of the regions in which it was installed. That way, this is a bibliographic study of qualitative approach, for which were realized a survey of documental information made available by the institutions and legislation available in the government database. The study of authors who studied the theme, such as Pacheco, Machado, Bordignon, Grabowski, Jucá, Padim, Ramos, Silva, Schmidt, Frigotto, Libâneo, Oliveira and Toschi, among others, were also important for the researching basis. It was found that the expansion process was strategically treated by the federal government and institutional managers so that the institution would comply with the purpose to which it was created. Therefore, all the movement on behalf of the expansion were targeted to local and regional aspects. / O presente estudo está vinculado à linha de pesquisa Estado, Políticas e História da Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da UFG, e tem como tema central “a criação da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional Científica e Tecnológica (RFECPT) e a origem do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso (IFMT)”. Considera-se que esse processo foi importante por possibilitar o acesso à educação profissional direcionada para a realidade socioeconômica de cada região atendida. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa atém-se não apenas à consolidação da Rede Federal no estado de Mato Grosso, como também questiona: Quais foram os elementos político-administrativos que influenciaram a expansão no processo de implantação do IFMTem Mato Grosso? Objetiva-se assim identificar e problematizar tais políticas públicas e suas implicações na área de abrangência do IFMT, bem como analisar os objetivos da diversificação de áreas de formação, decorrentes da reestruturação da Rede Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, e avaliar se a expansão para o interior do estado é coerente com a realidade dos aspectos socioeconômicos das regiões em que foram implantados. Dessa forma, trata-se de um estudo de caso de natureza bibliográfica e abordagem qualitativa para o qual foram realizados levantamento de informações documentais disponibilizadas pela instituição e legislações disponíveis em banco de dados governamentais. Também foram importantes para o embasamento da pesquisa os estudos de autores que estudaram o tema, como Pacheco, Machado, Bordignon, Grabowski, Jucá, Padim, Ramos, Silva, Schmidt, Frigotto, Libâneo, Oliveira e Toschi, dentre outros também foram importantes para o embasamento da pesquisa. Constatou-se que o processo de expansão foi tratado estrategicamente pelo governo federal e gestores institucionais, para que a instituição cumprisse com a finalidade para a qual foi criada; todo o movimento em prol da expansão foi voltado para aspectos locais e regionais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 taglialenha_sls_dr_ilha.pdf: 776756 bytes, checksum: ee3e13f4456bb0d2f6f5faaf48d8309f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Problema de Planejamento da Expansão de Sistemas de Transmissão de Energia Elétrica consiste em se escolher, entre um conjunto pré-definido de circuitos candidatos, aqueles que devem ser incorporados ao sistema de forma a minimizar os custos de investimento e operação ao e atender a demanda de energia futura ao longo de um horizonte de planejamento com confiabilidade, assumindo como conhecido o plano de geração. É considerado um problema muito complexo e difícil por se tratar de um problema não linear inteiro misto, não convexo, multimodal e altamente combinatório. Este problema tem sido solucionado usando técnicas clássicas como Decomposição ao de Benders e Branch and Bound, assim como também algoritmos heurísticos e metaheurísticas obtendo diversos resultados, mais com uma série de problemas como, por exemplo, alto esforço computacional e problemas de convergência. Neste trabalho apresentam-se duas novas técnicas de solução para o problema, a saber, as metaheurísticas Busca em Vizinhança Variável e a Busca Dispersa. A Busca em Vizinhança Variável é uma técnica baseada em trocas de estruturas de vizinhança dentro de um algoritmo de busca local, e a metaheurística Busca Dispersa, um método evolutivo que combina sistematicamente conjuntos de soluções para se obter solucões melhores. Essas técnicas de solução oferecem novas alternativas de solução que oferecem solução aos problemas encontrados com outros métodos, como é um baixo esforço computacional é uma melhor convergência, sendo este o principal aporte do trabalho. Os algoritmos são apresentados sistematicamente, explicando os seus algoritmos e a forma como são adaptados para resolver o problema do planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão considerando-se a modelagem matemática conhecida com o modelo de transporte e o modelo DC. São realizados testes com os sistemas... / Electric Energy Transmission Network Expansion Problem consist in choose among a set of pre-defined circuits candidates, who must be incorporated into the system so as to minimize the investment costs and operation and meet the future energy demand over a planning horizon with reliability, assuming the generation plan is known. It is a very complex and difficult problem because it is non linear, non convex, multimodal and highly combinatorial. This problem has been solved using traditional techniques such as Benders decomposition and Branch and Bound, as well as heuristic algorithms and metaheuristics getting different results, but with a series of problems such as high computational effort and convergence problems. This paper tests out two new techniques for solving the problem as are the metaheuristics Variable Neighborhood Search and Scatter Search. The Variable Neighborhood Search is a technique based on trading structures within a neighborhood of a local search algorithm, and the Scatter Search metaheuristic is a method which combines systematically sets of solutions in an evolutionary way to achieve better solutions. These solution techniques offer new alternatives to solve the problems encountered with other methods, such as a low computational effort and better convergence, which is the main contribution of this work. The techniques are presented systematically, explaining their algorithms and the way they are adapted to solve the network expansion planning problem based on the mathematical model known as the transportation model and the DC model. They are tested with the systems Southern Brazilian with 46 buses and the IEEE 24 buses system, results are compared with those obtained with other metaheuristics, obtaining excellent results with a best performance both in processing speed as in computational effort.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T11:41:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelamirandademendonca.pdf: 1432328 bytes, checksum: 68aebf134272c7d3ee8daad48baf21cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T13:30:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelamirandademendonca.pdf: 1432328 bytes, checksum: 68aebf134272c7d3ee8daad48baf21cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T13:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelamirandademendonca.pdf: 1432328 bytes, checksum: 68aebf134272c7d3ee8daad48baf21cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-02 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo a realização do planejamento estático da expansão de sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica via otimização por Enxame de Partículas (EP). A metodologia proposta faz uso de um Algoritmo Heurístico Construtivo (AHC) que tem a finalidade de pré-selecionar as linhas candidatas à expansão mais relevantes, de modo a reduzir o espaço de busca e consequentemente, aumentar a eficiência do processo de otimização bioinspirado. Desta forma, a metodologia proposta pode ser dividida em duas etapas: (i) Obtenção do conjunto reduzido de rotas através do AHC, com o objetivo de identificar os caminhos relevantes à expansão e, assim, diminuir o espaço de busca; (ii) Utilização da otimização por enxame de partículas e das informações heurísticas advindas da primeira etapa, com o objetivo de encontrar o custo mínimo de expansão através de um número reduzidos de partículas. Em ambas as etapas a rede de transmissão é representada pelo modelo linearizado de fluxo de carga, onde as decisões de expansão são incorporadas ao problema através das equações originais do modelo CC. O critério de seleção da expansão é realizado através de heurística, de modo a evitar a explosão combinatória referente às alternativas de investimento. A metodologia proposta é aplicada ao sistema Garver e a dois sistemas reais equivalentes a região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. / This dissertation aims at the realization of the static transmission network expansion planning (STNEP) of electric power systems using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The proposed methodology uses a Constructive Heuristic Algorithm (CHA) in order to pre-select the most relevant candidates lines for expansion, so as to reduce the search space and thereby increasing efficiency of the bioinspired optimization process. Thus, the proposed methodology can be divided into two steps: (i) Obtaining the reduced set of routes through the CHA, in order to identify relevant routes for expansion and thus reduce the search space; (ii) Using the Particle Swarm Optimization and heuristic information provided by the first stage, in order to find the minimum expansion cost using a reduced number of particles. In both stages the transmission network is represented by a linearized load flow model, where the expansion decisions are incorporated into the optimization problem using the original equations of the model DC. The selection of expansion criterion is done through heuristic in order to avoid combinatorial explosion associated with expansion alternatives. The proposed methodology is applied to the Garver system and two real equivalent South and Southeastern Brazilian systems.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-06T14:13:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelamirandademendonca.pdf: 2220110 bytes, checksum: 5dc0f4e3929098da2984e16872a06681 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T11:27:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelamirandademendonca.pdf: 2220110 bytes, checksum: 5dc0f4e3929098da2984e16872a06681 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 isabelamirandademendonca.pdf: 2220110 bytes, checksum: 5dc0f4e3929098da2984e16872a06681 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / Este trabalho apresenta uma nova estratégia visando à redução do espaço de busca e à inicialização do processo de otimização multimodal para resolução do problema de planejamento estático da expansão de sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica. Para tanto, a metodologia proposta faz uso de um algoritmo heurístico construtivo baseado em índices de sensibilidade, no qual as decisões de expansão são relaxadas e representadas através da função tangente hiperbólica. Através da consideração de diferentes inclinações da função tangente hiperbólica, dentro de um intervalo previamente determinado, associadas aos principais índices de sensibilidade existentes na literatura é possível extrair um conjunto reduzido de alternativas de expansão. Sendo assim, com base nas informações heurísticas obtidas, é utilizado um algoritmo bioinspirado visando obter de um plano final de expansão para sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica. A rede de transmissão de energia elétrica é representada por um modelo linearizado de fluxo de carga. Os planos finais de expansão obtidos pela metodologia proposta foram satisfatórios, mostrando que a utilização da função tangente hiperbólica agregada às heurísticas adotadas resultaram em uma estratégia eficiente de decisão. Foram analisados os sistemas Garver, IEEE 24 barras, Sul Brasileiro de 46 barras, e o Colombiano de 93 barras. Os resultados obtidos pela a metodologia proposta foram satisfatórios e de excelente qualidade. / This thesis presents a new strategy aimed at the search space reduction and initialization of the multimodal optimization process to solve the problem of static expansion planning of electric power transmission systems. The proposed methodology uses a constructive heuristic algorithm based on sensitivity indices, in which the expansion decisions are relaxed and represented through the hyperbolic tangent function. By considering different slopes of the hyperbolic tangent function, within a predetermined range, associated with the main existing sensitivity indices in the literature, it is possible to extract a reduced set of expansion alternatives. Thus, based on the heuristic information obtained, a bio-inspired algorithm is used to obtain a final expansion plan for electric power transmission systems. The electric power transmission network is represented by a linear load flow. The final expansion plans obtained by the proposed methodology were satisfactory, showing that the use of the hyperbolic tangent function added to the adopted heuristics yielded an effective decision strategy. The Garver system, IEEE 24 bus system, real equivalent system in southern Brazil 46 bus and real Colombian system 93 bus were analyzed. The results obtained by the proposed method were satisfactory with excellent quality.

Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) is gaining wider acceptance among agencies and practitioners because it serves as a more realistic representation of real-world traffic phenomena than static traffic assignment. Many metropolitan planning organizations and transportation departments are beginning to utilize DTA to predict traffic flows within their networks when conducting traffic analysis or evaluating management measures. To analyze DTA-based optimization applications, it is critical to obtain the dual (or gradient) information as dual information can typically be employed as a search direction in algorithmic design. However, very limited number of approaches can be used to estimate network-wide dual information while maintaining the potential to scale. This dissertation investigates the theoretical/practical aspects of DTA-based dual approximation techniques and explores DTA applications in the context of various transportation models, such as transportation network design, off-line DTA capacity calibration and dynamic congestion pricing. Each of the later entities is formulated as bi-level programs. Transportation Network Design Problem (NDP) aims to determine the optimal network expansion policy under a given budget constraint. NDP is bi-level by nature and can be considered a static case of a Stackelberg game, in which transportation planners (leaders) attempt to optimize the overall transportation system while road users (followers) attempt to achieve their own maximal benefit. The first part of this dissertation attempts to study NDP by combining a decomposition-based algorithmic structure with dual variable approximation techniques derived from linear programming theory. One of the critical elements in considering any real-time traffic management strategy requires assessing network traffic dynamics. Traffic is inherently dynamic, since it features congestion patterns that evolve over time and queues that form and dissipate over a planning horizon. It is therefore imperative to calibrate the DTA model such that it can accurately reproduce field observations and avoid erroneous flow predictions when evaluating traffic management strategies. Satisfactory calibration of the DTA model is an onerous task due to the large number of variables that can be modified and the intensive computational resources required. In this dissertation, the off-line DTA capacity calibration problem is studied in an attempt to devise a systematic approach for effective model calibration. Congestion pricing has increasingly been seen as a powerful tool for both managing congestion and generating revenue for infrastructure maintenance and sustainable development. By carefully levying tolls on roadways, a more efficient and optimal network flow pattern can be generated. Furthermore, congestion pricing acts as an effective travel demand management strategy that reduces peak period vehicle trips by encouraging people to shift to more efficient modes such as transit. Recently, with the increase in the number of highway Build-Operate-Transfer (B-O-T) projects, tolling has been interpreted as an effective way to generate revenue to offset the construction and maintenance costs of infrastructure. To maximize the benefits of congestion pricing, a careful analysis based on dynamic traffic conditions has to be conducted before determining tolls, since sub-optimal tolls can significantly worsen the system performance. Combining a network-wide time-varying toll analysis together with an efficient solution-building approach will be one of the main contributions of this dissertation. The problems mentioned above are typically framed as bi-level programs, which pose considerable challenges in theory and as well as in application. Due to the non-convex solution space and inherent NP-complete complexity, a majority of recent research efforts have focused on tackling bi-level programs using meta-heuristics. These approaches allow for the efficient exploration of complex solution spaces and the identification of potential global optima. Accordingly, this dissertation also attempts to present and compare several meta-heuristics through extensive numerical experiments to determine the most effective and efficient meta-heuristic, as a means of better investigating realistic network scenarios. / text

Submitted by Miriam Lucas (miriam.lucas@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-22T17:03:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Elias_Emanuel_Benitez_2017.pdf: 4075070 bytes, checksum: ce09c54d8b2b9dd647b8166881114648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T17:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Elias_Emanuel_Benitez_2017.pdf: 4075070 bytes, checksum: ce09c54d8b2b9dd647b8166881114648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-16 / The solution to distribution networks expansion planning problem seeks to establish updates in the system so that it is able to supply the future demand obeying important criteria that represent the quality in the supply. Considering that in recent years the number of distributed generation connected to the system is increasing, contributing to the solution of some problems in the operation such as the high losses, the poor quality in the energy supplied, the low reliability that can be a reality, among others, this article presents a new algorithm to be applied to expansion planning of medium voltage overhead lines and which also has the ability to establish a plan for the connection of distributed generation in the network. Thus, the algorithm operates in two steps. In the first step of operation, a new topology is established for the network, which meets the future demand and respects the technical criteria that are necessary for electricity to be delivered to consumers with quality. In this process, the problem is represented by a nonlinear mathematical model whose objective function seeks to minimize the cost of network expansion and the constraints represent the physical laws that govern the power flow and ensure that future demand will be met with quality. In this operation step, the solution to the problem is constructed in an iterative way, where in each iteration a specialized sensitivity indicator uses the information obtained through the solution of the mathematical model to aid in decision making. This step of the algorithm ends when a radial topology for the system is determined. In the second step, the algorithm performs an evaluation in the established topology to indicate the capacity and the most interesting buses for connection of the Distributed Generation, seeking the best benefit for the operation of the network. In this process, the algorithm also takes advantage of the information obtained through the nonlinear mathematical model for the evaluation. Computacional tests with the new algorithm were performed considering data from systems available in the specialized literature to evaluate their performance. The results obtained through the simulations showed that the algorithm finds excellent solutions and a good convergence time. / A solução para o problema de Planejamento da Expansão de Redes de Distribuição busca por fazer atualizações no sistema para que este seja capaz de suprir a demanda futura obedecendo a critérios importantes que representam a qualidade do suprimento. Considerando que nos últimos anos o número de geração distribuída conectada ao sistema está aumentando, contribuindo para a solução de problemas que envolvem a operação do sistema, tais como, as perdas elétricas, a má qualidade da energia fornecida, a baixa confiabilidade, entre outros, este trabalho apresenta um novo algoritmo para ser aplicado ao problema de planejamento da expansão de linhas aéreas de média tensão e que também tem a capacidade de estabelecer um plano para a conexão de geração distribuída na rede. O algoritmo funciona em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa de execução, uma nova topologia radial é estabelecida para a rede, que atende a demanda futura e respeita os critérios técnicos necessários para que a eletricidade seja entregue aos consumidores com qualidade. Neste processo, o problema é representado por um modelo matemático não linear cuja função objetivo procura minimizar o custo de expansão da rede e as restrições representam as leis físicas que regem o fluxo de potência elétrica e garantem que a demanda futura seja atendida com qualidade, obedecendo aos limites de tensões estabelecidos para as barras e às capacidades de carregamento das linhas. Nesta etapa de execução, a solução do problema é construída de forma iterativa, onde em cada iteração um indicador de sensibilidade especializado usa a informação obtida através da solução do modelo matemático para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. Esta etapa do algoritmo termina quando uma topologia radial para o sistema é determinada. Na segunda etapa de execução, o algoritmo realiza uma avaliação na topologia estabelecida para indicar a capacidade da geração distribuída e a barra do sistema para sua conexão, buscando o melhor benefício para a operação da rede. Neste processo, o algoritmo também aproveita as informações obtidas através do modelo matemático não linear para esta avaliação. Testes computacionais com o novo algoritmo foram realizados considerando sistemas testes disponíveis na literatura especializada para avaliar o seu desempenho. Os resultados obtidos através das simulações mostraram que o algoritmo encontra excelentes soluções em tempos de convergência satisfatórios.

This study originally emanated from the debate on value creation through projects, which has become more prevalent in project management literature in recent times. Earned value analysis, which is widely used to measure and report the performance of project value, does not include the occurrence of value leaks in its calculations and reporting. Although there is a scarcity of literature on the issue of value leaks during project deployment, it is considered to be a big issue which can make or break a project’s value success. This lack of research is more pronounced in network expansion projects in the Ghanaian telecommunication industry, however, considering the level of investment by these network operators, and their contribution to economic growth, the occurrence of value leaks can be suspected. Therefore, the overall aim of the study was to develop a diagnostic model that aids in the easy identification of value leaks, so that they can be controlled, and remedied to minimise the forgone unrealised project value. In view of this, the study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed research design. The qualitative phase employed a multiple-case study approach to explore the concept of value leaks and the extent to which it becomes problematic in delivering overall project value. The quantitative phase, through a survey study, adopted factor analysis to test and validate the findings from the case study, and analyses were also performed to test the conceptual model fit to the retained dataset. The findings culminated in the development of the “Value Leaks-Flashlight”, with an add-on called the “Tolerable Nut” to theorise the concept of value leaks. This practical establishment of the value leak concept cemented the development of the value leaks diagnostic model through the application of the “CIIR” acronym, which fulfils the overall aim of the study. The study contributes to the contemporary literature in the field of project management, as the concept of project value leaks is still gaining prominence, and only a few empirical studies have thus far been conducted. The concept of value leaks enlightens the perspective of project management practitioners in their quest to achieve value through projects. / Business Management / D. Phil. (Management Studies)

Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Resumo: A análise de sistemas altamente complexos quando e analizado o problema de planejamento de expansão de redes de transmissão de longo prazo, é o foco principal deste trabalho. Os modelos e metodos propostos são aplicados ao problema de planejamento estático tradicional, que é um problema de otimização matemática classificado como NP-completo, não-linear inteiro misto. O qual envolve no investimento, variáveis operacionais contínuas e variáveis inteiras. O comportamento normal de cada sistema pode conter informação essencial para a criação de novos métodos, como os planos de corte baseados em cortes de diferença de ângulos para problemas de grande escala, o que é a base é o ponto de partida deste trabalho, derivando em desigualdades válidas é ciclos críticos. Os cortes angulares básicos reduzem o espaço de busca do problema e o tempo total de cálculo deste problema, enquanto ao método de inequações válidas que pode ser usado para fornecer limites inferiores sólidos no investimento ótimo do planejamento de transmissão, já que a diferença entre o modelo DC (modelo exato) e o modelo de transporte (modelo mais relaxado) são as restrições angulares. Os ciclos críticos têm sido desenvolvidos para melhoraralguns dos modelos tradicionais do problemas de planejamento da expansão da rede de transmissão de longo prazo. A razão por trás disso é a ausência da segunda lei de Kirchhoff, que completa a representação do sistema, mas aumenta a complexidade. Para resolver os problemas resultantes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The analysis of highly complex systems when solving the long-term transmission network expansion planning problem is the main focus of this work. The proposed improved models and methodology are applied to the traditionalstatic planning problem, which is a mathematical optimization problem classified as NP-complete and mixed-integer nonlinear problem. It involves continuousoperating variables and integer investment variables. The normal behavior of each system can be shown essential information to the creation of new methods, as the cutting-planes based in bus-angle difference cuts for large-scale problems which were the starting point of this work, deriving in valid inequalities and critic cycles. The angular cuts aim to reduce the search space of the problem and the total computation time of this NP-hard problem as for the valid inequalities methodthat can be used to provide strong lower bounds on the optimal investment of the transmissionplanning, since the difference between the DC model (exact model) and the transport model (more relaxed model) are the angular constraints. Critic cycles has been develop in order to improve some of the traditional long-term transmission network expansion planning problem models. The reason behind it is the absence of second Kirchhoff’s law which completes the representationof the system, but increase the complexity. In order to solve the resulting problems, this work uses the modeling language AMPL with the solver CPLEX. In test systems w... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This dissertation focuses on selected issues in regard to the mathematical modeling of electricity markets. In a first step the interrelations of electric power market modeling are highlighted a crossroad between operations research, applied economics, and engineering. In a second step the development of a large-scale continental European economic engineering model named ELMOD is described and the model is applied to the issue of wind integration. It is concluded that enabling the integration of low-carbon technologies appears feasible for wind energy. In a third step algorithmic work is carried out regarding a game theoretic model. Two approaches in order to solve a discretely-constrained mathematical program with equilibrium constraints using disjunctive constraints are presented. The first one reformulates the problem as a mixed-integer linear program and the second one applies the Benders decomposition technique. Selected numerical results are reported.