<p>This report concerns the implementation of a simulation framework to evaluate an emerging peer-to-peer network topology scheme using 8-point hypercircles, entitled HyperCircle. This topology was proposed in order to alleviate some of the drawbacks of current P2P systems evolving in an uncontrolled manner, such as scalability issues, network overload and long search times. The framework is supposed to be used to evaluate the advantages of this new topology. The framework has been built on top of an existing simulator software solution, the selection of which was an important part of the development. Weighing different variables such as scalability and API usability, the selection fell on OverSim, an open-source discreet-event simulator based on OMNET++.</p><p>After formalizing the protocol for easier implementation, as well as extending it for better performance, implementation followed using C++ with OverSim’s API and simulation library. Implemented as a module (alongside other stock modules providing their own protocols such as Chord and Kademlia), it can be used in OverSim to simulate a user-defined network using one of the simulation routine applications provided (or using a custom application written by the user). For the purposes of this thesis, the standard application KBRTestApp was used; an application sending test messages between randomly selected nodes, while adding and removing nodes at specific time intervals. The adding and removing of nodes can be configured with probability parameters.</p><p>Tentative testing shows that this implementation of the HyperCircle protocol has a certain performance gain over the OverSim implementations of the Chord and Kademlia protocols, measurable in the time it takes a message to get from sender to recipient. Further testing is outside the scope of this thesis.</p>

This report concerns the implementation of a simulation framework to evaluate an emerging peer-to-peer network topology scheme using 8-point hypercircles, entitled HyperCircle. This topology was proposed in order to alleviate some of the drawbacks of current P2P systems evolving in an uncontrolled manner, such as scalability issues, network overload and long search times. The framework is supposed to be used to evaluate the advantages of this new topology. The framework has been built on top of an existing simulator software solution, the selection of which was an important part of the development. Weighing different variables such as scalability and API usability, the selection fell on OverSim, an open-source discreet-event simulator based on OMNET++. After formalizing the protocol for easier implementation, as well as extending it for better performance, implementation followed using C++ with OverSim’s API and simulation library. Implemented as a module (alongside other stock modules providing their own protocols such as Chord and Kademlia), it can be used in OverSim to simulate a user-defined network using one of the simulation routine applications provided (or using a custom application written by the user). For the purposes of this thesis, the standard application KBRTestApp was used; an application sending test messages between randomly selected nodes, while adding and removing nodes at specific time intervals. The adding and removing of nodes can be configured with probability parameters. Tentative testing shows that this implementation of the HyperCircle protocol has a certain performance gain over the OverSim implementations of the Chord and Kademlia protocols, measurable in the time it takes a message to get from sender to recipient. Further testing is outside the scope of this thesis.

Containerization has gained popularity for deploying applications in a lightweight environment. Kubernetes and Docker have gained a lot of dominance for scalable deployments of applications in containers. Usually, kubernetes clusters are deployed within a single shared network. For high availability of the application, multiple kubernetes clusters are deployed in multiple regions, due to which the number of kubernetes clusters keeps on increasing over time. Maintaining and managing mul-tiple kubernetes clusters is a challenging and time-consuming process for system administrators or DevOps engineers. These issues can be addressed by deploying a kubernetes cluster in a multi-region environment. A multi-region kubernetes de-ployment reduces the hassle of handling multiple kubernetes masters by having onlyone master with worker nodes spread across multiple regions. In this thesis, we investigated a multi-region kubernetes cluster’s network performance by deploying a multi-region kubernetes cluster with worker nodes across multiple openstack regions and tunneled using wireguard(a VPN protocol). A literature review on the common factors that influence the network performance in a multi-region deployment is conducted for the network performance metrics. Then, we compared the request-response time of this multi-region kubernetes cluster with the regular kubernetes cluster to evaluate the performance of the deployed multi-region kubernetescluster. The results obtained show that a kubernetes cluster with worker nodes ina single shared network has an average request-response time of 2ms. In contrast, the kubernetes cluster with worker nodes in different openstack projects and regions has an average request-response time of 14.804 ms. This thesis aims to provide a performance comparison of the kubernetes cluster with and without wireguard, fac-tors affecting the performance, and an in-depth understanding of concepts related to kubernetes and wireguard.