La présente thèse de doctorat consiste en une enquête sur la construction du paysage nocturne par la publicité lumineuse, spécifique aux métropoles occidentales depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. Elle s’est appuyée en particulier sur trois études de cas, New York, Londres et Paris, et a cherché à éclairer les circulations d’idées, de techniques et de design qui ont animé ces espaces. Elle interroge notamment la pertinence de la notion de « modèle américain » et souligne les échanges et les apports réciproques entre l’Europe et les États-Unis. Le propos est organisé en trois grandes parties, subdivisées en trois chapitres chacune et il s’y ajoute une série d’annexes. Le livre premier, intitulé « de l’incandescence en publicité : le temps des pionniers » porte sur le premier grand dispositif technique de la publicité lumineuse, celui de la lampe à incandescence, qui s’imposa de la fin du XIXe siècle à la fin des années 1920. Le second livre a pour titre « l’ère du néon : au cœur de la culture populaire ». Il se concentre sur la mise au point et la diffusion des tubes luminescents. Il montre comment la culture populaire s’appropria le néon, à la fois par la fréquentation des hauts-lieux de la publicité lumineuse et par son intégration dans l’art. Enfin, le troisième livre invite à « repenser la publicité, des années 1970 à nos jours », et met en évidence les changements à l’œuvre avec la montée des préoccupations écologiques et énergétiques et le renouvellement des acteurs de publicité lumineuse. Trois évolutions majeures marquent cette période : l’accélération du phénomène de mondialisation ; l’essor de la politique institutionnelle du logo ; la multiplication des écrans vidéo. / The subject of this doctoral thesis is a study of the construction of the nocturnal landscape using illuminating advertising, specific to large Western cities since the end of the XIXth century. It is supported in particular by three case studies: New York, London and Paris and will examine the circulation of ideas, techniques and design used in these locations. The relevance of the concept of the “American model” will be examined, with particular reference to the exchanges and mutual contributions between Europe and the United States. This thesis will be divided into three main sections, each sub-divided into three chapters and supplemented with appendices. The first section, titled “Incandescence in advertising: the pioneers” will examine the first significant technical device used in illuminating advertising, i.e. the incandescent lightbulb, used principally from the end of the XIXth century to the end of the 1920s. The second section, titled “The neon era – at the heart of popular culture” will concentrate on the development and deployment of fluorescent tubes. It will be demonstrated how popular culture appropriated neon lighting, both in its use in the high spots of lighted advertisements and by its inclusion in arts. Finally, the third section titled “Re-thinking advertising from the 1970s to today” will concentrate on changes brought about by the rise of sensitivity to ecological and energy concerns as well as changes in the people involved in the use of lighted advertising. Three major developments mark this period: acceleration of the global phenomenon, the rise of institutional policies involving logos and lastly, the multiplication of video screens.

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Almost 10 years after the attack on World Trade Center Sept. 11 2001, Osama bin Laden was shot and killed on May 2 2011 in Pakistan. How was this event framed by the media with regards to the global war on terror? This study compares two different American newspapers – the New York Times and the New York Daily News – and how they framed the war on terrorism in the Middle East from May 2 to May 15 2011. By analyzing the framing in a perspective of the four functions of framing theory: define problems, diagnose causes, make moral judgments and suggest remedies, we found considerable differences in each papers frames. Through a qualitative text analysis of the opinion pages in these two newspapers, using three themes as a base, we found a number of differences. While the New York Times contained a form of open discussion about problems and remedies, New York Daily News takes an emotional and moral approach. These differences in content may affect the opinions of the readers. We speculate that the more open and suggestive nature of the New York Times, also opens the minds of the readers enabling them to form opinions in a liberated sense. Thus the more closed, emotional and moral nature of the New York Daily News may have greater impact on an individual’s ability to form its own opinions and moral values.

The New York State politicians, notably members of Congress such as Irving Ives, Herbert Lehman, Samuel Dickstein, Emanuel Celler and Jacob Javits, were very involved in the immigration debates for the period from 1945 to 1953. By their interventions, they emerged as fiery supporters of a liberalization of American immigration policy. A willingness to satisfy a multiethnic electorate largely explains their position. But these individuals, mostly defenders of President Truman's foreign policy, also believed in this cold war context that an attenuation of restrictionism in immigration would provide numerous advantages to the nation. If their attitude seems dictated by considerations that were both pragmatic and idealistic, it generated non-negligible results. Thus, the granting of a quota to India in 1946, the act on the war brides in 1945, as well as the legislation affecting the refugees in 1950, were among the measures mainly ascribable to the activities of these politicians.

The purpose of this study was to explore changes that occurred in physical education since the introduction of the New York State Standards in 1996 and ways teacher educators perceive related changes in both school and Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) programs. With the release of State and National Standards (NASPE, 1995), associated educational reform, assessment, and accountability have become important in physical education. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with six participants considered experts in state standards. Cote, Salmela, and Russell's (1995) guidelines were used to inductively analyze and interpret the qualitative data. The results of the analysis yielded three categories: (a) reasoning behind standards, which included rationales, developments, and comparisons, (b) impacts of standards, which involved PE effects, PETE reactions, and negative responses, and (c) actions resulting from standards which focused on implementation, leadership, assessments and accountability, and forward directions. Relationships between the properties within each category produced four areas of greatest interest/importance: implementation, PE effects, rationales, and forward directions. The result of this study is a focused look at standards-based reforms in New York State upon which teachers, administrators, PETE professionals, and educational policy makers may reflect.

The purpose of this study was to: (a) investigate through exploration and inquiry, (b) trace by way of chronology, and (c) report in detail by means of descriptive commentary the history of the New York State Band Directors Association (NYSBDA) from its organization in 1980, up to and including the 30th anniversary of the Annual Symposium in March of 2011. After meticulous analysis of reports, documents and proceedings of the New York State Band Directors Association and organizing the information contained in these sources, the author has articulated in writing the major activities and labors of the organization. The author initiated the study by securing official permission from the 2010-2011 Executive Board of the New York State Band Directors Association. The author then followed the procedure of collecting data by contacting relevant personalities of the Association and requested that: (a) Association documents, (b) meeting minutes, (c) programs, (d) records, and (e) correspondence be transferred for evaluation. By means of thorough review and categorizing of materials a timeline of relevant events that described the formation and advancement of the Association was created. The New York State Band Directors Association was formed to satisfy a specific need for professional growth and support for instrumental music professionals working at all academic levels, public, private and community in New York State. The origin of the Association was in direct relation to the success of a weekend symposium in 1977 designed expressly for band directors. The NYSBDA grew from a small ‘steering committee’ under the leadership of Richard Snook. The group stated its primary purpose to be the improvement and promotion of instrumental music in New York State. Throughout its history, NYSBDA has provided assistance to instrumental music educators and band directors through its many initiatives. NYSBDA provides and exhibits: (a) professional growth opportunities by means of its annual symposium and regional workshops, (b) performance opportunities for instrumental ensembles, (c) potential for student participation in NYSBDA statewide honor bands, (d) instrumental teacher and professional recognition by means of awards, (e) the promotion of new literature by sponsoring and commissioning new band compositions, and (f) cooperation with other state associations. The Executive board and Membership of NYSBDA have demonstrated a commitment to the advancement and improvement of instrumental music and its professionals. This is in agreement and fulfillment with its stated Constitutional objectives. / School of Music

This thesis has explored the relationship between attitudes toward New York City speech expressed by twelve New York City speakers currently attending Ball State University and values in the speech of these informants of three phonological variables: (1) presence of word final or preconsonantal /r/, (2) height of the midfront vowel /eh/, and (3) height of the midback rounded vowel /oh/. A Likert attitude scale was used to measure attitude. Of thirteen null hypotheses tested, one was rejected. It was therefore concluded that for the sample studied, there is no relationship between attitude toward New York City speech and values of /r/. /eh/, and /oh/.Contrary to reports of other investigators, attitudes toward New York City speech of the sample studied were generally positive. As speech styles increased in formality, however, all of the informants exhibited a tendency, to depart from distinctive, New York City values for /r/, /eh/, and /oh/.

This research describes the social structure of a fundamentalist Baptist Christian School, labeled as First Fundamentalist Baptist School (FFBS). The case study is based on field research extending from August, 1985 through June, 1987. The methodology consisted primarily of qualitative measures: non-participant observation, semi-structured and informal interviews, thematic analysis and historical research. Additionally a brief quantitative survey was given. The methodology's components produce "thick description."The findings place First Fundamentalist Baptist Church (FFBC), the organization which operates the school, in the context of American Protestant fundamentalism. The church and school are shown as representing a separatist fundamentalist category. Discussion of the development of Christian schools in the United States, since the mid-1960's, along with the causes prompting the movement and the specific founding of FFBS embody chapter two. The thematic analysis of FFBS's fundamentalist curricula, based on an inerrant Bible as the pervasive controlling integrator, is the topic of chapter three. Chapter four examines the organization's relationship with the larger society: other churches, public educational authorities, the state and the larger world. Social control mechanisms functioning to reinforce the group's unique subcultural identity are detailed in the fifth chapter.The theoretical premises proposed to explain the FFBS are: 1) fundamentalism is an enduring conservative movement in reaction to modernity; 2) the FFBS-FFBC community is representative of a countercultural subculture; and 3) FFBS is a component of FFBC's sect-like orientation.Fundamentalism, once 'thought doomed to extinction as a result of the forces of modernity, remains a vital movement. Evidence of the movement's strength includes the presence of a conservatively estimated four million fundamentalists, political activism, tele-evangelism and the rise of Christian schools. Modernity, rather than extinguishing fundamentalism, has evoked strong reactions reinforcing the movement. FFBS is a component of these reactions. / Department of History