The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 21, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Paul Bolls. Includes bibliographical references.

Pela primeira vez em décadas, a RBS TV tem sido ameaçada nos índices de audiência no Rio Grande do Sul. Embora ainda mantenha sua liderança consolidada, vê o crescimento periódico da TV Record desde que esta se instalou no Estado, em julho de 2007. A característica do trabalho da Record tem sido combater a líder através de uma programação popular, que se reflete também em seu telejornalismo local. Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão a respeito do Balanço Geral, principal programa do gênero dentro da programação da emissora, e tentar compreender os motivos de seu sucesso, que o leva, por vezes, a empatar e até mesmo ultrapassar a emissora hegemônica, algo incomum nas últimas quatro décadas. Analisaremos o programa através de uma análise de conteúdo de quatro edições, que levará em conta dados como fontes utilizadas nas matérias, o imaginário urbano representado no programa, os locais onde os fatos que viram notícia acontecem e os comentários feitos pelo apresentador Alexandre Mota, ícone dentro desta nova proposta da Record, antes e após a exibição do conteúdo jornalístico, para tentar compreender como ele se aproxima e se identifica com seu público, formado majoritariamente por cidadãos das classes C, D e E da capital gaúcha e arredores. / For the first time in decades, RBS TV has been challenged in its ratings in Rio Grande do Sul. Although it still maintains the leadership, it has been threatened by the gradual growth of Record TV ever since it began broadcasting in the state in July of 2007. Record TV has been fighting for audience through a popular program style which also reflected in its local TV news programs. This dissertation involves the analysis of “Balanço Geral”, the main popular show of the channel, attempting to understand the reasons for its good ratings which sometimes reaches levels that are above the hegemonic TV channel, something uncommon in the past four decades. The program is assessed through the analysis of four editions and takes into account data such as the sources used, the urban imagery represented in the show, the sites where the news takes place and the comments made by its host Alexandre Mota, an icon of its new style, before and after the presentation of the journalistic content, in order to understand how he approaches and connects with his audience – mainly the lower classes of the state capital and nearby communities.

Pela primeira vez em décadas, a RBS TV tem sido ameaçada nos índices de audiência no Rio Grande do Sul. Embora ainda mantenha sua liderança consolidada, vê o crescimento periódico da TV Record desde que esta se instalou no Estado, em julho de 2007. A característica do trabalho da Record tem sido combater a líder através de uma programação popular, que se reflete também em seu telejornalismo local. Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão a respeito do Balanço Geral, principal programa do gênero dentro da programação da emissora, e tentar compreender os motivos de seu sucesso, que o leva, por vezes, a empatar e até mesmo ultrapassar a emissora hegemônica, algo incomum nas últimas quatro décadas. Analisaremos o programa através de uma análise de conteúdo de quatro edições, que levará em conta dados como fontes utilizadas nas matérias, o imaginário urbano representado no programa, os locais onde os fatos que viram notícia acontecem e os comentários feitos pelo apresentador Alexandre Mota, ícone dentro desta nova proposta da Record, antes e após a exibição do conteúdo jornalístico, para tentar compreender como ele se aproxima e se identifica com seu público, formado majoritariamente por cidadãos das classes C, D e E da capital gaúcha e arredores. / For the first time in decades, RBS TV has been challenged in its ratings in Rio Grande do Sul. Although it still maintains the leadership, it has been threatened by the gradual growth of Record TV ever since it began broadcasting in the state in July of 2007. Record TV has been fighting for audience through a popular program style which also reflected in its local TV news programs. This dissertation involves the analysis of “Balanço Geral”, the main popular show of the channel, attempting to understand the reasons for its good ratings which sometimes reaches levels that are above the hegemonic TV channel, something uncommon in the past four decades. The program is assessed through the analysis of four editions and takes into account data such as the sources used, the urban imagery represented in the show, the sites where the news takes place and the comments made by its host Alexandre Mota, an icon of its new style, before and after the presentation of the journalistic content, in order to understand how he approaches and connects with his audience – mainly the lower classes of the state capital and nearby communities.

Pela primeira vez em décadas, a RBS TV tem sido ameaçada nos índices de audiência no Rio Grande do Sul. Embora ainda mantenha sua liderança consolidada, vê o crescimento periódico da TV Record desde que esta se instalou no Estado, em julho de 2007. A característica do trabalho da Record tem sido combater a líder através de uma programação popular, que se reflete também em seu telejornalismo local. Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão a respeito do Balanço Geral, principal programa do gênero dentro da programação da emissora, e tentar compreender os motivos de seu sucesso, que o leva, por vezes, a empatar e até mesmo ultrapassar a emissora hegemônica, algo incomum nas últimas quatro décadas. Analisaremos o programa através de uma análise de conteúdo de quatro edições, que levará em conta dados como fontes utilizadas nas matérias, o imaginário urbano representado no programa, os locais onde os fatos que viram notícia acontecem e os comentários feitos pelo apresentador Alexandre Mota, ícone dentro desta nova proposta da Record, antes e após a exibição do conteúdo jornalístico, para tentar compreender como ele se aproxima e se identifica com seu público, formado majoritariamente por cidadãos das classes C, D e E da capital gaúcha e arredores. / For the first time in decades, RBS TV has been challenged in its ratings in Rio Grande do Sul. Although it still maintains the leadership, it has been threatened by the gradual growth of Record TV ever since it began broadcasting in the state in July of 2007. Record TV has been fighting for audience through a popular program style which also reflected in its local TV news programs. This dissertation involves the analysis of “Balanço Geral”, the main popular show of the channel, attempting to understand the reasons for its good ratings which sometimes reaches levels that are above the hegemonic TV channel, something uncommon in the past four decades. The program is assessed through the analysis of four editions and takes into account data such as the sources used, the urban imagery represented in the show, the sites where the news takes place and the comments made by its host Alexandre Mota, an icon of its new style, before and after the presentation of the journalistic content, in order to understand how he approaches and connects with his audience – mainly the lower classes of the state capital and nearby communities.

客家電視台是台灣第一個以族群文化為主體的電視頻道，客家電視台節目在客家文化內涵上的表現，對於客家族群文化的發展、觀者的判斷以及整個文化社會的動態發展來說，更有著莫大的影響力。有鑑於此，本研究運用修正式德非法，進行客家電視台非新聞性節目呈現客家文化內涵指標之建構，並利用統計分析方法歸納出指標整體面向，而後邀請專家學者輔以深度訪談，以提出客家電視台於節目呈現上之建議。期望本研究所得之結果，可以提供未來客家電視節目製作之參考，在收視率數字的檢視之外，作為評估客家電視台節目對於客家文化的價值與意義之思考。 / This study aims to explore the prospects of context of Hakka TV programs. Hakka TV is the first channel which takes ethical culture as subject. The cultural implications of Hakka TV programs, therefore, have enormous influences on the development of Hakka culture, the cultural judgment of audience, and the dynamics of society. However, compared with audience rating, the value and meaning of Hakka TV programs are still under-examined. For this purpose, in this study Modified Delphi Method and in-depth interview with related experts were conducted in order to construct factors and indices of Hakka cultural implications. The construction is based on non-news programs of Hakka TV for prospective programs production.

This study examines some of the challenges that Maltese broadcasting is facing with respect to the news programming produced by the public service broadcaster and by the other two political stations. The thesis also investigates the concepts of balance and objectivity in news reporting and analyzes the extent to which Maltese TV news programmes succeed in providing balanced, impartial and accurate accounts. Special attention is paid to the role of the public service broadcaster, but consideration is also given to the part played by the two Maltese political stations competing with the public service broadcaster. A particular aim of this study is to measure how the requirement to preserve impartiality and balance impinges on the content of TV news bulletins and current affairs programmes produced by PSB and the other two political stations. The study will also consider the impact of current broadcasting regulations and will examine the degree to which such legislation is relevant in the attempt to achieve impartiality and balance in Maltese news broadcasting. As a basis for the study the thesis focuses on a sample of news programming material broadcast on the three television stations in Malta during a Local Council electoral campaign. The aim is to assess how various news messages are communicated to audiences and to consider whether such messages are perceived as impartial and balanced by the viewers. The study explores how news workers and news producers strive to achieve impartiality and balance in their day-to-day practices. Finally the thesis makes one or two tentative suggestions as to how current broadcasting legislation might be amended in order for the Broadcasting Authority can become a more effective watchdog and is able to intervene in cases where news programming is not deemed to be balanced and impartial.

A identificação e a exploração de alguns dos elementos fundamentais da linguagem audiovisual, ainda em seus primórdios, permitem sugerir que esses mesmos traços estejam presentes no chamado modo cultural ocidental de produção telejornalística da atualidade. É provável que, a partir do cinema mudo, certos padrões imagéticos tenham sido criados e que, nos anos 30, quando finalmente houve a possibilidade técnica de se fazer um filme, sincronizá-lo com uma banda sonora e exibi-lo para grandes platéias, elas tenham se cristalizado como estruturas audiovisuais, as quais permanecem, em sua essência, na produção dos programas jornalísticos do início deste século. A análise de uma obra cinematográfica do período áureo dos anos 30, quando a narrativa fílmica já tinha consolidado o uso do som e da imagem como matérias-primas de sua linguagem o western No Tempo das Diligências (Stagecoach, 1939) , servirá como base para a pesquisa realizada posteriormente com o telejornal Fox News Live, do canal de televisão Fox News Channel; isto possibilitará a verificação das construções audiovisuais do cinema e sua conseqüente permanência como estruturas sonoro-imagéticas na televisão, portanto, estruturas discursivas inconscientes. / The identification and exploitation of some of the audio-visual languages fundamental elements, by studying its origins, will allow us to suggest that these same remains are still present in the so-called Western cultural mode of news production nowadays. Probably, since the silent motion pictures, some visual imagery have been created and, therefore, in the 1930s, when finally there were technical possibilities to film a motion-picture, synchronize it with a sound stripe and exhibit it to large audiences, these patterns have been consolidated as audio-visual structures, which still endure, in essence, in news programming production at the beginning of this century. The analysis of a movie from 1930s golden period, when the filmic narrative had already solidified the use of sounds and images as commodities of its own language the western Stagecoach(1939) , it will function as a basis for the research carried out, later on, with Fox News Live, which is broadcasted by Fox News Channel; this investigation will permit the verification of some audio-visual constructions in cinema, besides its resulting permanence as sound-imagery structures in television, consequently, unconscious structures of discourse.

A identificação e a exploração de alguns dos elementos fundamentais da linguagem audiovisual, ainda em seus primórdios, permitem sugerir que esses mesmos traços estejam presentes no chamado modo cultural ocidental de produção telejornalística da atualidade. É provável que, a partir do cinema mudo, certos padrões imagéticos tenham sido criados e que, nos anos 30, quando finalmente houve a possibilidade técnica de se fazer um filme, sincronizá-lo com uma banda sonora e exibi-lo para grandes platéias, elas tenham se cristalizado como estruturas audiovisuais, as quais permanecem, em sua essência, na produção dos programas jornalísticos do início deste século. A análise de uma obra cinematográfica do período áureo dos anos 30, quando a narrativa fílmica já tinha consolidado o uso do som e da imagem como matérias-primas de sua linguagem o western No Tempo das Diligências (Stagecoach, 1939) , servirá como base para a pesquisa realizada posteriormente com o telejornal Fox News Live, do canal de televisão Fox News Channel; isto possibilitará a verificação das construções audiovisuais do cinema e sua conseqüente permanência como estruturas sonoro-imagéticas na televisão, portanto, estruturas discursivas inconscientes. / The identification and exploitation of some of the audio-visual languages fundamental elements, by studying its origins, will allow us to suggest that these same remains are still present in the so-called Western cultural mode of news production nowadays. Probably, since the silent motion pictures, some visual imagery have been created and, therefore, in the 1930s, when finally there were technical possibilities to film a motion-picture, synchronize it with a sound stripe and exhibit it to large audiences, these patterns have been consolidated as audio-visual structures, which still endure, in essence, in news programming production at the beginning of this century. The analysis of a movie from 1930s golden period, when the filmic narrative had already solidified the use of sounds and images as commodities of its own language the western Stagecoach(1939) , it will function as a basis for the research carried out, later on, with Fox News Live, which is broadcasted by Fox News Channel; this investigation will permit the verification of some audio-visual constructions in cinema, besides its resulting permanence as sound-imagery structures in television, consequently, unconscious structures of discourse.

A survey testing student uses of and attitudes towards traditional broadcast television news and eleven "tabloid" programs was conducted using 300 students enrolled at the University of North Texas. The 10:00 p.m. newscast was most watched by the students. The most watched weekly news magazine was "60 Minutes." The Oprah Winfrey Show" was the daily "tabloid" leader. "America's Most Wanted" led the weekly "tabloid" shows. Students perceived daily newscasts as important sources of information. "USA Today," the weekly news magazines "60 Minutes" and "20/20,1" and "America's Most Wanted" were also cited by students as being "important" information programming. However, the survey showed "tabloid television" was not a major source of informational programming for college students.

This master's thesis deals with the implications of metaphorical language, which comedy news programs used to portray Donald Trump as a candidate during the 2016 US presidential election. First, the author outlines the most important moments of Donald Trump's presidential campaign, then introduces the comedy news genre as well as three comedy news programs - The Daily Show, Last Week Tonight and Real Time - which are included in the analytical part of the thesis. The thesis continues with the theoretical and methodological chapters, in which conceptual metaphor analysis based on the works of Lakoff, Johnson and Yanow is presented. The metaphor analysis itself, performed on 73 comedy news episodes, reveals that mostly the same metaphors were used across all three programs and they overwhelmingly portray Donald Trump as non-human. As the election kept approaching, Donald Trump was increasingly portrayed as "a natural disaster," "the apocalypse" or "the Devil." The author suggests that the overall tacit objective of the metaphors used in the three comedy news programs was to dehumanize Donald Trump. Finally, the limitations of the analysis are discussed and suggestions for further research on the implications of metaphorical language are made.