Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Lopes Fernandes Dugnani.pdf: 25551145 bytes, checksum: d7b4b2969762cdfb0d64c76ea0a9335a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The great amount of immigrants and the several attempts to legislate on immigration in the United Kingdom arouse controversies and involve several social sectors. Those sectors are given voice on the BBC News online news, which produces news not only to inform but also to unveil its own opinions and position. This aspect assures BBC‟s influential role on society. Taking this into account, our goal is to understand the ideological position underlying BBC News online news towards irregular immigration in the United Kingdom. The criteria adopted for the corpus selection were: the news about irregular immigration in the United Kingdom had to be published from 12th April to 6th May of 2010 and signed by a journalist; the material forwarded by the anchors available on the news was to be related to irregular immigration, and the other selected content had to work as non-verbal element to the news selected by the first aforementioned criterion. Those criteria were established in order to relate the selected utterances to BBC‟s editorial policies and to the electoral process for the new British parliament when irregular immigration issue acquired great importance and to assure that the said and the unsaid on the news could be properly understood. This way we collected five pieces of news published from 12th April to 6th May of 2010, which led us to four source documents, one blog post and one piece of news. Futhermore, the said and unsaid on the five selected news was materialized on three pieces of news and one BBC News transcript of the British parties‟ leader debate. In order to achieve the objective of this research, we adopted the Bakhtinian dialogic approach, sharing with Bakhtin and The circle their language conception and, more specifically, the concepts of Speech genre, Non-verbal, Other speakers‟ speech, and Ideology. The corpus specifity made us adopt the NURC/ SP oral language transcription method, some links and hypertext classifications and a conception that enabled the analysis of the corpus‟ verbal-visual dimension. For the corpus analysis, we followed the Bakhtinian methodological order of describing, analyzing, and interpreting, taking in consideration the wider and the more specific social contexts and the genre and linguistic materiality of every piece of news. The analysis result pointed to a xenophobic conservative political position and indifference towards human rights / A grande quantidade de imigrantes e as diversas tentativas de legislar sobre a imigração no Reino Unido geram controvérsias que envolvem vários segmentos da sociedade. Esses segmentos ganham voz nas news da BBC News online, ou seja, nos informativos e opinativos que os utilizam não apenas para informar, mas também para desvelar suas próprias opiniões e posições. Isso faz com que o papel exercido pela BBC tenha grande influência na sociedade. Levando isso em consideração, objetivamos compreender quais são os posicionamentos ideológicos presentes nas matérias da BBC News online sobre a imigração irregular existente no Reino Unido. Definimos como critérios de seleção do corpus que as news fossem assinadas, tratassem da questão da imigração irregular no Reino Unido e tivessem sido veiculadas no período compreendido entre 12 de abril e 6 de maio de 2010; que o material a que fomos remetidos pelas âncoras disponíveis nas news se relacionassem à imigração irregular; e que o restante do conteúdo coletado funcionasse como elemento extraverbal para as news selecionadas. Tais critérios foram estabelecidos para relacionar os enunciados selecionados às políticas editoriais da BBC e ao processo eleitoral para a escolha do novo parlamento britânico esse foi um momento em que a questão da imigração irregular adquiriu grande relevância , e para garantir que os ditos e não-ditos pudessem ser compreendidos adequadamente. Dessa forma, chegamos a cinco news publicadas entre 12 de abril e 6 de maio de 2010, que nos remeteram a quatro documentos-fonte, uma postagem em blog e uma news. Além disso, os não-ditos dessas cinco news materializaram-se em três outras news e em uma transcrição da BBC News do último debate dos líderes dos partidos britânicos. Para atingir o objetivo traçado, adotamos a abordagem dialógica bakhtiniana, compartilhando de Bakhtin e do Círculo a concepção de linguagem e, mais especificamente, os conceitos de Gênero do discurso , Extralinguístico/Extraverbal , Discurso de outrem e Ideologia . A especificidade do corpus nos conduziu ainda à adoção do método de transcrição da linguagem oral do NURC/SP, e ainda à adoção tanto de algumas classificações de links e de hipertextos, como de uma noção que permitisse a análise da dimensão verbo-visual de nosso objeto. Para a análise, seguimos a ordem metodológica bakhtiniana de descrever, analisar e interpretar, contemplando o contexto social mais amplo e o mais imediato, o gênero e a materialidade linguística de cada news. Os resultados apontaram para uma posição política conservadora de nacionalismo xenófobo e indiferente aos direitos humanos

This thesis examines how traditional media could reinforce its position as a reliable source of information, overcoming the huge amount of misinformation in public space. First, the thesis analyzes the concept of fake news, examining different concepts of this expression across American and Anglo-Saxon environments. In the following chapters, the thesis presents a link between trust in media and the spread of fake news, outlines psychological factors that allow for fake news to be spread easily and highlights the role of media literacy. Next chapters list the specific ways in which traditional media can fight against fake news, for example through slow journalism or factual verification. That is how the thesis gets to the three analyzed fact-checking departments, which were established as a part of foreign traditional media: ARD Faktenfinder, BBC Reality Check and RFE / RL / VOA Polygraph.info. These departments were founded between 2015 and 2017 and perceive verification of information as an independent journalistic output. Using semi-structured interviews, the thesis examines how these departments work, how they define fake news, what are their future plans or whether they actively contribute to the development of media literacy. Comparative analysis has shown that none of the departments has...

The diploma thesis deals with the way in which the three most read printed and three most read online media reported on coronavirus in the beginning of its spread in the Czech Republic. Specifically, it monitors whether and to what extent the media outputs from these media on the four selected events coincided with the outputs on these events issued by the Czech Press Office (ČTK) and at the same time whether these media adhered to the principles of objectivity. In the theoretical part, the author analyzes media routines, journalistic ethics and other concepts such as moral panic or self-fulfilling prophecy, with which she also works in the practical part of the theses. For the purposes of the research, the author chose a content analysis and defined four research questions, which she answers through the results of this analysis. In total, she analyzes 149 media outputs and 101 outputs of the Czech Press Office. The conclusions of this work prove that the media used ČTK as a source in only 15 % of cases. Online media referred to it more often. 56 % of the media outlets were similar to the ČTK outlets only in the main announcement. Furthermore, the conclusions show that the principles of objectivity were more often violated by the print media, specifically in 60 % of cases. Contrary, online media...

Depuis 2002 en Asie, 2005 en Europe et aux États-Unis, des éditeurs de presse écrite et des annonceurs proposent à leur lectorat équipé en téléphone portable ou en ordiphone d’accéder à des contenus et services numériques via ceux imprimés dans le journal. Ces nouvelles formes de communications brouillent les relations traditionnelles entre éditeurs de presse, annonceurs et lectorat, également mobinaute. Les enjeux techniques et politiques de ces services de communication s’étudient simultanément à trois niveaux. Le premier, physique, se situe dans la combinaison entre le papier et le terminal électronique de l’individu relié au réseau. Le deuxième, logique, se situe dans la forme (privée ou publique) de ce qui est imprimé sur le papier (langage humain ou machine) et la méthode logicielle mise en oeuvre (lecture locale ou à distance) de manière synchrone (presse augmentée) ou asynchrone (code graphique, recherche ou identification par l’image). Le troisième niveau, des contenus, consiste à s’interroger sur le sens de la surimpression de contenus et de services numériques à l’écran de l’ordiphone suivant ce qui est imprimé dans le journal. Notre étude aura par ailleurs consisté à mettre en lumière les régimes juridiques des méthodes logicielles basées d’une part sur le contenu et régies par le droit de la propriété intellectuelle, et basées d’autre part sur un langage informatique et régies par le droit des liens hypertextes. Avec un ordiphone, un titre de presse évolue d’un support d’information à un canal de communications électroniques où le contexte et l’identité de l’individu jouent un rôle innovant dans la transmission et l’accès à l’information. / Since 2002 in Asia, and 2005 in Europe and the United States, press editors and advertisers have offered access to digital content and services to readers that possess a smartphone. These new forms of communication blur the traditional relationships between press editors, advertisers and readers. To study the technical and political elements concerning these new communication services, we rely on the three-layer network approach: the physical, the logical and the content infrastructure layer. The physical layer is located between the sheet of paper and the electronic device that links the user to a network. The logical layer corresponds to the form (private or public) of what is printed on the page (i.e., human readable or machine language) and the software employed (i.e., local or distant reading), be it synchronously (augmented press) or asynchronously (graphic codes, image search or image identification). The third layer concerns the way the content from the printed page are presented on the screen of the smartphone. Our study equally aims to shed light on the current legal translations of software methods: when based on content, the methods are seen to concern intellectual property law; whereas when based on computer language they concern the laws on hyperlinks. With smartphones, a printed edition evolves from an information medium to an electronic communication channel where the context and the identity of the user play an innovative role in the transmission and access to information.