This study concentrated primarily on how the changes in the trunk A transportation network configuration in Nigeria alter both the hierarchy of the network system and the connectivity of the network itself. Using the graph theory, the study looked at the network development in Nigeria in 1949, 1961, 1976, and 1982. The period covered in the study spanned from the colonial to the post-colonial eras. Road maps of each of these years were the primary sources of data. The maps were translated into abstracted networks and subsequently converted into square matrices, and analyzed. The analysis resulted in the establishment of the network connectivity and the accessibility of individual nodes. Gamma and alpha indices were used to determine the complexity (the degree of connectivity) of networks in each of the study periods. The sporadic changes in the number of nodes and linkages resulted in the fluctuation of the network connectivity. This type of fluctuation is a common problem in network development within the developing economies. Political and administrative factors exert stronger influence in shaping the content and the outcome of transportation programs than the Taaffe, Morrill and Gould (1963) and Lachene (1965) models imply. The sporadic fluctuations in the number of nodes, linkages and in the values of the gamma and alpha indices suggest that neither the sequence of network development nor its supposed discrete nature is appropriate to postcolonial development. There is a significant difference between network development during the colonial and post-colonial eras. During the colonial era, there was a strong connection between network development and primary economic activities. The conditions during the colonial era support the link between the network and economic development as illustrated in Kansky (1963) work. The post-colonial era in the other hand, is marked by the need for both social and political integration. Thus, the pattern of network development in Nigeria in the eighties is quite consistent with Friedmann (1975) assertion that social and political factors should be assigned a higher score than economic in the development model for Third world. After nearly ninety years of network development, the trunk A network system in Nigeria is in transition. It is now moving from elementary into an advanced stage of development. One of the things that is likely to at least slow down the rate of such transformation is the political sub-division of the nation into smaller constituent units, coupled with lack of political predictability. From most indications, network development is moving away from concentration in relatively few nodes to a system that imposes a grid on the nation. The imposition of such a grid is likely to induce and enhance the interregional linkages and competition. Such phenomenon is indeed healthy in the light of the existing imbalance in terms of responsibilities between the three levels of government. It is also a good approach towards redressing the existing regional disparities as regional integration is very likely to bring about incentives and opportunities for a fair competition.

No description available.

The Christian Church has undergone a process of institutional transformation since its establishment almost two thousand years ago. This transformation has changed an originally fluid and charismatic organisation into an hierarchical one, with its leadership (Roman Catholic) entrusted only to the ordained clergy. This type of Christian Church brought to Nigeria by the early catholic missionaries has both its advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages is the increasing membership of the Roman Catholic community and the increased production of indigenous priests. However, the strategy of early missionary evangelisation marginalised the role and effectiveness of the Catholic laity in Church activities. Thus, the management of the Church as an organisation is wholly in the hands of the ordained. However, the continued worldwide decline in the recruitment and number of priests, and the unfavourable priest-to-laity ratio - particularly in Nigeria - both indicate a need for a change. Furthermore, the influence of both celibacy and contemporary social factors (for example, the unwillingness to enter a life-long relationship that priestly and religious life demands), and the innovation which the Second Vatican Council advocated all cast doubt on the viability of the continuation of the status quo. These issues, therefore, make - greater, involvement of the Christian faithful in Church management and leadership inevitable, particularly in those countries like Nigeria where the demand for priestly ministration is on the increase, and the laity are increasingly willing to use their pneumatic gifts within the Church. These (pneumatic gifts) are the spiritual and other gifts received by baptised members, and include preaching, administration and prophecy. It is the manner of the laity's involvement on the universal and arch/diocesan levels that are explored in this thesis. The thesis also examines the major factors that contribute to the shortage of priests, and candidates for priestly and religious life, and explores the arguments for and against the continuation of the existing ecclesiastical law of clerical celibacy. Some recommendations are suggested that could ensure that the Roman Church continues to be relevant in the contemporary time to Catholics everywhere both on the universal and arch/diocesan levels. For the archdiocese of Lagos, Nigeria, the need to reorganise the archdiocesan structure is highlighted, as is the possibility of introducing some 'new' ministries particularly to involve the many pneumatically gifted laity is offered. Finally, it is argued that if the initiatives engendered by the Second Vatican Council were followed through, the conclusions and recommendations arrived at in this thesis are inevitable, and the Roman Church could either generously initiate these changes now or allow the changes to force themselves upon the Church in the future.

No description available.

This study reviews the evolution of Nigerian broadcasting from 1935 to 1979, with emphasis on the development of Nigerian television broadcasting. The problem was to discern how Nigeria's social and political structures have affected its radio and television system. The study concludes that both the heterogeneity of Nigerian society and the country's continued political unrest pose a threat to either private or government ownership of television stations. Today, approximately 1.5 million television sets serve over 80 million Nigerians, and this imbalance should be corrected before Nigerian television can be considered a mass medium. Nigeria's present administration maintains that its control of the country's television is necessary; critics feel, however, that federal control restrains television from developing its potential, especially in promoting national unity.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to describe the historical development of secondary education in Eastern Nigeria, taking into consideration the following periods: (1). before the coming of the British, (2) from 1842 to 1960 when Nigeria received her independence from Britain, and (3) from 1960 to 1986. The period between 1960 and 1986 is further subdivided into (a) 1960 to 1967 when the civil war began, (b) 1967 to 1970 when the civil war ended, and (c) the post-civil war era—1970 to 1986.

The purpose of this study is to set forth the history of radio in Nigeria. Chapters explore the history of Nigeria, the history of Nigerian radio, and the present structure of Nigerian radio. In a final chapter, specific historical factors are isolated that have made Nigerian radio what it is today. The study concludes that the present structure of Nigerian radio is a direct product of the peculiar history of Nigeria as a former British Colony. Little can be done to solve the problems of Nigerian radio unless the problems of Nigeria itself are first solved.

No description available.

No description available.