Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-11T16:53:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 pollyanna_aparecida_dias.PDF: 683440 bytes, checksum: 079a670eec7939b6e76b55dc41830903 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-11T16:53:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 pollyanna_aparecida_dias.PDF: 683440 bytes, checksum: 079a670eec7939b6e76b55dc41830903 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-11T16:53:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 pollyanna_aparecida_dias.PDF: 683440 bytes, checksum: 079a670eec7939b6e76b55dc41830903 (MD5) license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Funda??o Diamantinense de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extens?o (FUNDAEPE) / O cloreto (NaCl) e o nitrito de s?dio s?o de fundamental import?ncia na produ??o de alimentos, em fun??o de suas propriedades tecnol?gicas. Por?m, no desenvolvimento de produtos c?rneos com apelos saud?veis, a redu??o destes sais ? relevante estrat?gia a ser implementada pela ind?stria, tendo em vista os problemas de sa?de relacionados a seu consumo excessivo. Uma alternativa para mimetizar o efeito dos sais seria o emprego do concentrado proteico de soro de leite (WPC), obtido a partir do soro de leite, um subproduto da ind?stria l?ctea considerado um agente poluidor do ambiente. Objetivou-se com este trabalho produzir e avaliar a qualidade f?sico-qu?mica de pat? de galinha com teores reduzidos de sais adicionados de WPC. Para tanto, elaboraram-se quatro formula??es, com os mesmos ingredientes, variando-se apenas as concentra??es de NaCl e de nitrito de s?dio nos produtos, a saber: controle (1,3% de NaCl e 0,5% de nitrito de s?dio); P2 (0,25% de nitrito de s?dio e 0,25% de WPC), P3 (0,65% de NaCl e 0,65% de WPC) e P4 (0,25% de nitrito de s?dio, 0,65% de NaCl e 0,9% de WPC). Procedeu-se a caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica da massa crua (composi??o qu?mica, teor de prote?nas sal-sol?veis, estabilidade da emuls?o, pH e cor), bem como an?lises qu?micas (teores de s?dio e de nitrito residual) e de estabilidade por 28 dias (oxida??o lip?dica, pH e cor) da massa cozida dos pat?s de galinha. An?lise de vari?ncia foi realizada para investigar a presen?a de efeitos significativos entre os tratamentos (p< 0,05) e, nestes casos, foi aplicado o teste de Tukey para estabelecer a diferen?a entre as m?dias. Com rela??o a massa crua, os pat?s apresentaram os requisitos legais quanto os teores de prote?nas, lip?deos e umidade. Al?m disso, a incorpora??o de WPC aumentou a estabilidade da emuls?o em algumas amostras, por?m com altera??es de alguns par?metros de cor. Com rela??o a massa cozida, obteve-se redu??o de 34,6% (P3) e 42,6% (P4) de redu??o nos teores de s?dio, sendo os produtos considerados light. Ao longo do armazenamento por 28 dias, os pat?s apresentaram boa estabilidade nos par?metro de cor e de pH, entretanto, a vida ?til foi limitada pela oxida??o lip?dica, que foi afetada pela redu??o dos sais. Concluiu-se que foi poss?vel elaborar pat? de galinha com reduzidos teores de cloreto e nitrito de s?dio, obtendo-se produtos com apelos mais saud?veis. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri,2014. / ABSTRACT Salt (NaCl) and sodium nitrite are important ingredients in food production, due to technological properties. However, to develop healthy meat products, the reduction of these salts is relevant strategy to be implemented by the industry, in view of the health problems related to excessive consumption. An alternative to mimic the effect of these salts could be the use of whey protein concentrate (WPC), a byproduct of the dairy industry considered an environmentally polluting agent. The objective of this study was produce and evaluate the physico-chemical quality of chicken pate with low levels of salts and with addition of WPC. Four formulations were prepared with the same ingredients varying only the NaCl and sodium nitrite concentrations, namely: control (1.3% NaCl and 0.5% sodium nitrite); P2 (0.25% sodium nitrite and 0.25% WPC), P3 (0.65% NaCl and 0.65% WPC) and P4 (0.25% sodium nitrite, 0.65 % NaCl and 0.9% WPC). The physico-chemical characterization of the raw batter (chemical composition, in salt-soluble proteins, emulsion stability, pH and color) and the chemical analysis (content of residual sodium nitrite) and stability for 28 days (lipid oxidation, pH and color) of the chicken pat?s were performed. The analysis of variance, in a randomised complete block design, was performed for investigating the significant effects between treatments (p < 0.05). The Tukey test was applied to establish the differences among averages. Regarding the raw batter, the p?t? had the legal requirements for the content of proteins, lipids and moisture. Furthermore, the WPC incorporation increased emulsion stability in some samples, but with some changes in color parameters. For the cooked chicken pates, a reduction of sodium levels of 34.6% (P3) and 42.6% (P4) were obtained, and this samples may be considered as light products. Over the storage period (0-28 days), no changes in pH and color parameters were observed, however, the shelf-life was limited by lipid oxidation. It was concluded that it was possible to prepare chicken pate with low chloride and sodium nitrite levels, thus obtaining healthier products.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DjalmaRS.pdf: 1628891 bytes, checksum: d4993a3fdaeab8a1baca119c6780c3ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-01 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / This thesis has as objective presents a methodology to evaluate the behavior of the corrosion inhibitors sodium nitrite, sodium dichromate and sodium molybdate, as well as your mixture, the corrosion process for the built-in steel in the reinforced concrete, through different techniques electrochemical, as well as the mechanical properties of that concrete non conventional. The addition of the inhibitors was studied in the concrete in the proportions from 0.5 to 3.5 % regarding the cement mass, isolated or in the mixture, with concrete mixture proportions of 1.0:1.5:2.5 (cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate), superplasticizers 2.0 % and 0.40 water/cement ratio. In the modified concrete resistance rehearsals they were accomplished to the compression, consistence and the absorption of water, while to analyze the built-in steel in the concrete the rehearsals of polarization curves they were made. They were also execute, rehearsals of corrosion potential and polarization resistance with intention of diagnose the beginning of the corrosion of the armors inserted in body-of-proof submitted to an accelerated exhibition in immersion cycle and drying to the air. It was concluded, that among the studied inhibitors sodium nitrite , in the proportion of 2.0 % in relation to the mass of the cement, presented the best capacity of protection of the steel through all the studied techniques and that the methodology and the monitoring techniques used in this work, they were shown appropriate to evaluate the behavior and the efficiency of the inhibitors / Esta tese tem como objetivo apresentar uma metodologia para avaliar o comportamento dos inibidores de corros?o nitrito de s?dio, molibdato de s?dio, dicromato de s?dio, bem como a suas misturas, no processo de corros?o para o a?o embutido no concreto armado, atrav?s de diferentes t?cnicas eletroqu?micas, bem como as propriedades mec?nicas desse concreto n?o convencional. Estudou-se a adi??o dos inibidores no concreto nas propor??es de 0,5 a 3,5 % em rela??o ? massa do cimento, isolados e em mistura, num tra?o 1,0:1,5:2,5 (cimento, areia e brita), superplastificante 2,0 % e rela??o ?gua/cimento 0,40. No concreto modificado foram realizados ensaios de resist?ncia ? compress?o, consist?ncia e a absor??o de ?gua, enquanto que para analisar o a?o embutido no concreto foram efetuados ensaios de curvas de polariza??o. Foram executados tamb?m ensaios de potencial de corros?o e resist?ncia de polariza??o com intuito de diagnosticar o in?cio da corros?o das armaduras inseridas em corpos-de-prova submetidos a uma exposi??o acelerada em ciclo de imers?o e secagem ao ar. Concluiu-se que, dentre os inibidores estudados, o nitrito de s?dio, na propor??o de 2,0 % em rela??o ? massa do cimento, apresentou a melhor capacidade de prote??o do a?o atrav?s de todas as t?cnicas estudadas e que a metodologia e as t?cnicas de monitoramento utilizadas neste trabalho mostraram-se adequadas para avaliar o comportamento e a efici?ncia dos inibidores