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Lodging in small grains is often responsible for losses in crop yield and quality. Due to difficulties in employing modern harvesting practices, in lodged crops, the cost of production increases, both because of time lost and because of increased labour requirements. [...]

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The chemistry of the tantalum dinitrogen complex ([NPN]Ta)₂‚‚(μ-H)₂‚‚(μ-η¹:η²-N₂‚‚)Ta-[NPN], 1, (where [NPN] represents the acyclic tridentate ligand [(PhNSiMe₂‚‚CH₂‚‚)₂‚‚-PPh]²‚‚-), with primary alkenes, group IV and V metallocene complexes, and GaCp* is explored. The reaction of 1 with 1-pentene and 1-hexene occurs via olefin-insertion into the metal-hydride bond to give two new complexes, ([NPN]Ta(CH₂)₄CH₃)₂‚‚(μ-η¹:η¹-N₂‚‚), 10, and ([NPN]Ta(CH₂‚‚)₅CH₃)₂‚‚(μ-η¹:η¹-N₂‚‚), 11, which were characterized using NMR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of 11 was established and revealed that N₂ has been transformed into a bridging end-on mode. In contrast to its G symmetry in solution, the solid-state structure of 11 is C, symmetric; a VT-NMR study was performed and showed that 11 exists as an equilibrium between two isomers in solution: a C, symmetric isomer 11A,which is the predominant isomer at room temperature, and a C, symmetric isomer 11B,which is the minor isomer. The reactivity of 1 with group IV and V metallocenes was investigated. The reaction of 1 with Cp₂‚‚Hf(PMe₃)(η²-Me₃SiCCSiMe₃) produces [N(μ-P=N)N]Ta(μ-H)₂(μ-N(Hf-Cp₂‚‚))Ta[NPN], 14, in which N₂ is cleaved and new Hf-N and P=N bonds have formed. The reaction of 1 with group V metallocene hydrides Cp₂‚‚MH₃ (M Nb, Ta) was also attempted however these complexes do not react with 1. The reaction of 1 with GaCp* produces a new complex, [NPN]Ta(μ-N(GaCp*))Ta(=NPμ)[NPIA,-N], 18, which was characterized using NMR spectroscopy. Complex 18 decomposes over several days in solution, and one product of decomposition that was isolated was [(PhNH)(NPμ-N)Ta]₂‚‚, 19. The solid-state structure of 19 showed that the [NPN] ligand was cleaved at the N-Si bond, similar to that observed for the reaction of 1 with 9-BBN and HB(C₆H₅)₂‚‚. A mechanism for the formation of complexes 18 and 19 is proposed.

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Background: The amount of parenteral protein to produce nitrogen balance in infants diagnosed with severe heart defects undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery was investigated. Methods: Infants born at ≥36 weeks and ≤ 12 months of age were randomized to one of three parenteral protein intakes, the control group received 1.5 g/kg/d and intervention groups received either, 2.2 or 3.0 g/kg/d of protein, respectively. Timed 24 hour urine collections were obtained for three consecutive days following surgery. Total urinary nitrogen was measured through Kjeldahl analysis. Results: A significant difference was demonstrated between the lowest protein intake level of 1.5 g/kg/d and both 2.2 g/kg/d (p ≤ 0.03) and 3.0 g/kg/d (p ≤ 0.001), on study day 1. Nitrogen balance results were 4.0 ± 52.9 (1.5 g/kg/d), 97.0 ± 96.2 (2.2 g/kg/d) and 149.7 ± 90.9 (3.0 g/kg/d). Conclusion: Protein delivery of 1.5 g/kg/d was insufficient to produce nitrogen balance on post-operative day 1.

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