Visualizações de grafos para comunicação aparecem numa variedade de contextos que vão do acadêmico-científico até o jornalístico e até mesmo artístico. Diferente de visualizações de grafos para exploração e análise de dados, essas imagens são usadas para “contar uma história” que já se conhece ao invés da “procura de uma nova história” nos dados. Apesar de ser possível usar software para desenho de grafos e edição de diagramas para produzí-las, visualizações feitas dessa forma nem sempre preenchem os requisitos visuais impostos pelos seus contextos de uso. Programas de edição de imagens podem ser usados para fazer as melhorias necessárias, mas nem todas as modificações são possíveis e o processo de editar essas imagens pode exigir muito tempo e esforço. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma investigação de visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas para comunicação e de como facilitar sua criação. A partir de uma desconstrução dessas imagens, identificando seus elementos essenciais, e analisando como são criadas, derivamos um conjunto de requisitos que ferramentas para a criação dessas visualizações devem preencher. Para verificar o efeito da metodologia na melhora do fluxo de trabalho de designers, com mais poder e flexibilidade, foi concebido e implementado um protótipo chamado GraphCoiffure. Com um foco especial em auxiliar usuários na criação de visualizações para publicação, Graph- Coiffure foi projetado como uma aplicação standalone que seria usada como um passo intermediário entre programas de desenho e edição de grafos e editores gráficos. Ele combina ferramentas para manipulação interativa de layouts com estilização similar a CSS para permitir que usuários criem e editem visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas. Ilustramos o funcionamento de GraphCoiffure com quatro casos de uso: a adaptação do layout de uma visualização para fazê-la funcionar em uma dada página, a reprodução do estilo de uma visualização e sua aplicação em outro grafo, e a criação integral de duas novas visualizações. Para obter feedback sobre GraphCoiffure, conduzimos uma avaliação informal através de entrevistas com três potenciais usuários, que disseram achar que GraphCoiffure beneficiaria seu trabalho. / Graph visualizations for communication appear in a variety of contexts that range from scientific/ academic to journalistic and even artistic. Unlike graph visualizations for exploration and analysis, these images are used to tell a story that is already known rather than to look for a story within the data. Although graph drawing and diagram editing software can be used to produce them, visualizations made this way do not always meet the visual requirements imposed by their context of use. Graphics authoring software can be used to make the necessary improvements, but not all modifications are possible and the process of editing these images may be very time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this work, we present an investigation of static node-link visualizations for communication and how to better support their creation. We began with a deconstruction of these images, breaking them down into their basic elements and analyzing how they are created. From this, we derived a set of requirements that tools aimed at supporting their creation should meet. To verify if taking all of this into account would improve the workflow and bring more flexibility and power to the users, we created our own prototype, which we named GraphCoiffure. With a special emphasis on helping users on creating visualizations for publication, GraphCoiffure was designed as a standalone application that would serve as an intermediary step between graph drawing and editing software and graphics editors. It combines interactive graph layout manipulation tools with CSS-like styling possibilities to let users create and edit static node-link visualizations for communication. We illustrate the use of GraphCoiffure with four use-case scenarios: the adaptation of a visualization’s layout to make it work on a given page, the reproduction of a visualization’s style and its application on another graph, and the creation of two visualizations from scratch. To obtain feedback on GraphCoiffure, we conducted an informal evaluation by interviewing three potential expert users, who found that it could be useful for their work.

Visualizações de grafos para comunicação aparecem numa variedade de contextos que vão do acadêmico-científico até o jornalístico e até mesmo artístico. Diferente de visualizações de grafos para exploração e análise de dados, essas imagens são usadas para “contar uma história” que já se conhece ao invés da “procura de uma nova história” nos dados. Apesar de ser possível usar software para desenho de grafos e edição de diagramas para produzí-las, visualizações feitas dessa forma nem sempre preenchem os requisitos visuais impostos pelos seus contextos de uso. Programas de edição de imagens podem ser usados para fazer as melhorias necessárias, mas nem todas as modificações são possíveis e o processo de editar essas imagens pode exigir muito tempo e esforço. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma investigação de visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas para comunicação e de como facilitar sua criação. A partir de uma desconstrução dessas imagens, identificando seus elementos essenciais, e analisando como são criadas, derivamos um conjunto de requisitos que ferramentas para a criação dessas visualizações devem preencher. Para verificar o efeito da metodologia na melhora do fluxo de trabalho de designers, com mais poder e flexibilidade, foi concebido e implementado um protótipo chamado GraphCoiffure. Com um foco especial em auxiliar usuários na criação de visualizações para publicação, Graph- Coiffure foi projetado como uma aplicação standalone que seria usada como um passo intermediário entre programas de desenho e edição de grafos e editores gráficos. Ele combina ferramentas para manipulação interativa de layouts com estilização similar a CSS para permitir que usuários criem e editem visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas. Ilustramos o funcionamento de GraphCoiffure com quatro casos de uso: a adaptação do layout de uma visualização para fazê-la funcionar em uma dada página, a reprodução do estilo de uma visualização e sua aplicação em outro grafo, e a criação integral de duas novas visualizações. Para obter feedback sobre GraphCoiffure, conduzimos uma avaliação informal através de entrevistas com três potenciais usuários, que disseram achar que GraphCoiffure beneficiaria seu trabalho. / Graph visualizations for communication appear in a variety of contexts that range from scientific/ academic to journalistic and even artistic. Unlike graph visualizations for exploration and analysis, these images are used to tell a story that is already known rather than to look for a story within the data. Although graph drawing and diagram editing software can be used to produce them, visualizations made this way do not always meet the visual requirements imposed by their context of use. Graphics authoring software can be used to make the necessary improvements, but not all modifications are possible and the process of editing these images may be very time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this work, we present an investigation of static node-link visualizations for communication and how to better support their creation. We began with a deconstruction of these images, breaking them down into their basic elements and analyzing how they are created. From this, we derived a set of requirements that tools aimed at supporting their creation should meet. To verify if taking all of this into account would improve the workflow and bring more flexibility and power to the users, we created our own prototype, which we named GraphCoiffure. With a special emphasis on helping users on creating visualizations for publication, GraphCoiffure was designed as a standalone application that would serve as an intermediary step between graph drawing and editing software and graphics editors. It combines interactive graph layout manipulation tools with CSS-like styling possibilities to let users create and edit static node-link visualizations for communication. We illustrate the use of GraphCoiffure with four use-case scenarios: the adaptation of a visualization’s layout to make it work on a given page, the reproduction of a visualization’s style and its application on another graph, and the creation of two visualizations from scratch. To obtain feedback on GraphCoiffure, we conducted an informal evaluation by interviewing three potential expert users, who found that it could be useful for their work.

Visualizações de grafos para comunicação aparecem numa variedade de contextos que vão do acadêmico-científico até o jornalístico e até mesmo artístico. Diferente de visualizações de grafos para exploração e análise de dados, essas imagens são usadas para “contar uma história” que já se conhece ao invés da “procura de uma nova história” nos dados. Apesar de ser possível usar software para desenho de grafos e edição de diagramas para produzí-las, visualizações feitas dessa forma nem sempre preenchem os requisitos visuais impostos pelos seus contextos de uso. Programas de edição de imagens podem ser usados para fazer as melhorias necessárias, mas nem todas as modificações são possíveis e o processo de editar essas imagens pode exigir muito tempo e esforço. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma investigação de visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas para comunicação e de como facilitar sua criação. A partir de uma desconstrução dessas imagens, identificando seus elementos essenciais, e analisando como são criadas, derivamos um conjunto de requisitos que ferramentas para a criação dessas visualizações devem preencher. Para verificar o efeito da metodologia na melhora do fluxo de trabalho de designers, com mais poder e flexibilidade, foi concebido e implementado um protótipo chamado GraphCoiffure. Com um foco especial em auxiliar usuários na criação de visualizações para publicação, Graph- Coiffure foi projetado como uma aplicação standalone que seria usada como um passo intermediário entre programas de desenho e edição de grafos e editores gráficos. Ele combina ferramentas para manipulação interativa de layouts com estilização similar a CSS para permitir que usuários criem e editem visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas. Ilustramos o funcionamento de GraphCoiffure com quatro casos de uso: a adaptação do layout de uma visualização para fazê-la funcionar em uma dada página, a reprodução do estilo de uma visualização e sua aplicação em outro grafo, e a criação integral de duas novas visualizações. Para obter feedback sobre GraphCoiffure, conduzimos uma avaliação informal através de entrevistas com três potenciais usuários, que disseram achar que GraphCoiffure beneficiaria seu trabalho. / Graph visualizations for communication appear in a variety of contexts that range from scientific/ academic to journalistic and even artistic. Unlike graph visualizations for exploration and analysis, these images are used to tell a story that is already known rather than to look for a story within the data. Although graph drawing and diagram editing software can be used to produce them, visualizations made this way do not always meet the visual requirements imposed by their context of use. Graphics authoring software can be used to make the necessary improvements, but not all modifications are possible and the process of editing these images may be very time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this work, we present an investigation of static node-link visualizations for communication and how to better support their creation. We began with a deconstruction of these images, breaking them down into their basic elements and analyzing how they are created. From this, we derived a set of requirements that tools aimed at supporting their creation should meet. To verify if taking all of this into account would improve the workflow and bring more flexibility and power to the users, we created our own prototype, which we named GraphCoiffure. With a special emphasis on helping users on creating visualizations for publication, GraphCoiffure was designed as a standalone application that would serve as an intermediary step between graph drawing and editing software and graphics editors. It combines interactive graph layout manipulation tools with CSS-like styling possibilities to let users create and edit static node-link visualizations for communication. We illustrate the use of GraphCoiffure with four use-case scenarios: the adaptation of a visualization’s layout to make it work on a given page, the reproduction of a visualization’s style and its application on another graph, and the creation of two visualizations from scratch. To obtain feedback on GraphCoiffure, we conducted an informal evaluation by interviewing three potential expert users, who found that it could be useful for their work.

Modern vehicles equipped with many hardware and software systems. To develop new functionalities and maintain existing features of the vehicles, engineers have to check relationship between software and hardware systems. Due to complexity of these relationships, visual representation of how systems are working together is required to make R&D process easier. At Scania, engineers using node-link diagrams to represent logical function architecture of the Scania vehicles. Logical function architecture is a part of electrical and electronic systems in the automotive industry, due to size of these systems they are considered as a large network. Visualizing large networks by diagrams is not a new problem in literature. At past, researches published about diagram drawing and algorithms have been developed to generate good looking diagram. However, sometimes due to complexity of the data, having complex and unreadable diagrams are unavoidable and they are hard to understand. Previous studies investigated how diagrams should be drawn, however focus was not how users should interact with the diagrams. In node-link diagrams users follows edges to understand relationships between components. Having edges in the diagram heavily affects the diagram drawing time and also required space for the diagram. In this paper I developed an artefact which is not using edges to visualize LFA at Scania. Artefact usability has been tested with Scania engineers by giving some tasks to them. In the tests, artefact without edges achieved better results than node-link diagram and 426% improvement achieved by comparing task completion times in seconds. The artefact proved that it can be powerful alternative to classic node-link diagram visualization.

Information visualization is an important research field concerned with making sense and inferring knowledge from data collections. Graph visualizations are specific techniques for data representation relevant in diverse application domains among them biology, software-engineering, and business finance. These data visualizations benefit from the display space provided by novel interactive large display environments. However, these environments also cause new challenges and result in new requirements regarding the need for interaction beyond the desktop and according redesign of analysis tools. This thesis focuses on interactive magic lenses, specialized locally applied tools that temporarily manipulate the visualization. These may include magnification of focus regions but also more graph-specific functions such as pulling in neighboring nodes or locally reducing edge clutter. Up to now, these lenses have mostly been used as single-user, single-purpose tools operated by mouse and keyboard. This dissertation presents the extension of magic lenses both in terms of function as well as interaction for large vertical displays. In particular, this thesis contributes several natural interaction designs with magic lenses for the exploration of graph data in node-link visualizations using diverse interaction modalities. This development incorporates flexible switches between lens functions, adjustment of individual lens properties and function parameters, as well as the combination of lenses. It proposes interaction techniques for fluent multi-touch manipulation of lenses, controlling lenses using mobile devices in front of large displays, and a novel concept of body-controlled magic lenses. Functional extensions in addition to these interaction techniques convert the lenses to user-configurable, personal territories with use of alternative interaction styles. To create the foundation for this extension, the dissertation incorporates a comprehensive design space of magic lenses, their function, parameters, and interactions. Additionally, it provides a discussion on increased embodiment in tool and controller design, contributing insights into user position and movement in front of large vertical displays as a result of empirical investigations and evaluations. / Informationsvisualisierung ist ein wichtiges Forschungsfeld, das das Analysieren von Daten unterstützt. Graph-Visualisierungen sind dabei eine spezielle Variante der Datenrepräsentation, deren Nutzen in vielerlei Anwendungsfällen zum Einsatz kommt, u.a. in der Biologie, Softwareentwicklung und Finanzwirtschaft. Diese Datendarstellungen profitieren besonders von großen Displays in neuen Displayumgebungen. Jedoch bringen diese Umgebungen auch neue Herausforderungen mit sich und stellen Anforderungen an Nutzerschnittstellen jenseits der traditionellen Ansätze, die dadurch auch Anpassungen von Analysewerkzeugen erfordern. Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit interaktiven „Magischen Linsen“, spezielle lokal-angewandte Werkzeuge, die temporär die Visualisierung zur Analyse manipulieren. Dabei existieren zum Beispiel Vergrößerungslinsen, aber auch Graph-spezifische Manipulationen, wie das Anziehen von Nachbarknoten oder das Reduzieren von Kantenüberlappungen im lokalen Bereich. Bisher wurden diese Linsen vor allem als Werkzeug für einzelne Nutzer mit sehr spezialisiertem Effekt eingesetzt und per Maus und Tastatur bedient. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit präsentiert die Erweiterung dieser magischen Linsen, sowohl in Bezug auf die Funktionalität als auch für die Interaktion an großen, vertikalen Displays. Insbesondere trägt diese Dissertation dazu bei, die Exploration von Graphen mit magischen Linsen durch natürliche Interaktion mit unterschiedlichen Modalitäten zu unterstützen. Dabei werden flexible Änderungen der Linsenfunktion, Anpassungen von individuellen Linseneigenschaften und Funktionsparametern, sowie die Kombination unterschiedlicher Linsen ermöglicht. Es werden Interaktionstechniken für die natürliche Manipulation der Linsen durch Multitouch-Interaktion, sowie das Kontrollieren von Linsen durch Mobilgeräte vor einer Displaywand vorgestellt. Außerdem wurde ein neuartiges Konzept körpergesteuerter magischer Linsen entwickelt. Funktionale Erweiterungen in Kombination mit diesen Interaktionskonzepten machen die Linse zu einem vom Nutzer einstellbaren, persönlichen Arbeitsbereich, der zudem alternative Interaktionsstile erlaubt. Als Grundlage für diese Erweiterungen stellt die Dissertation eine umfangreiche analytische Kategorisierung bisheriger Forschungsarbeiten zu magischen Linsen vor, in der Funktionen, Parameter und Interaktion mit Linsen eingeordnet werden. Zusätzlich macht die Arbeit Vor- und Nachteile körpernaher Interaktion für Werkzeuge bzw. ihre Steuerung zum Thema und diskutiert dabei Nutzerposition und -bewegung an großen Displaywänden belegt durch empirische Nutzerstudien.

Information visualization is an important research field concerned with making sense and inferring knowledge from data collections. Graph visualizations are specific techniques for data representation relevant in diverse application domains among them biology, software-engineering, and business finance. These data visualizations benefit from the display space provided by novel interactive large display environments. However, these environments also cause new challenges and result in new requirements regarding the need for interaction beyond the desktop and according redesign of analysis tools. This thesis focuses on interactive magic lenses, specialized locally applied tools that temporarily manipulate the visualization. These may include magnification of focus regions but also more graph-specific functions such as pulling in neighboring nodes or locally reducing edge clutter. Up to now, these lenses have mostly been used as single-user, single-purpose tools operated by mouse and keyboard. This dissertation presents the extension of magic lenses both in terms of function as well as interaction for large vertical displays. In particular, this thesis contributes several natural interaction designs with magic lenses for the exploration of graph data in node-link visualizations using diverse interaction modalities. This development incorporates flexible switches between lens functions, adjustment of individual lens properties and function parameters, as well as the combination of lenses. It proposes interaction techniques for fluent multi-touch manipulation of lenses, controlling lenses using mobile devices in front of large displays, and a novel concept of body-controlled magic lenses. Functional extensions in addition to these interaction techniques convert the lenses to user-configurable, personal territories with use of alternative interaction styles. To create the foundation for this extension, the dissertation incorporates a comprehensive design space of magic lenses, their function, parameters, and interactions. Additionally, it provides a discussion on increased embodiment in tool and controller design, contributing insights into user position and movement in front of large vertical displays as a result of empirical investigations and evaluations. / Informationsvisualisierung ist ein wichtiges Forschungsfeld, das das Analysieren von Daten unterstützt. Graph-Visualisierungen sind dabei eine spezielle Variante der Datenrepräsentation, deren Nutzen in vielerlei Anwendungsfällen zum Einsatz kommt, u.a. in der Biologie, Softwareentwicklung und Finanzwirtschaft. Diese Datendarstellungen profitieren besonders von großen Displays in neuen Displayumgebungen. Jedoch bringen diese Umgebungen auch neue Herausforderungen mit sich und stellen Anforderungen an Nutzerschnittstellen jenseits der traditionellen Ansätze, die dadurch auch Anpassungen von Analysewerkzeugen erfordern. Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit interaktiven „Magischen Linsen“, spezielle lokal-angewandte Werkzeuge, die temporär die Visualisierung zur Analyse manipulieren. Dabei existieren zum Beispiel Vergrößerungslinsen, aber auch Graph-spezifische Manipulationen, wie das Anziehen von Nachbarknoten oder das Reduzieren von Kantenüberlappungen im lokalen Bereich. Bisher wurden diese Linsen vor allem als Werkzeug für einzelne Nutzer mit sehr spezialisiertem Effekt eingesetzt und per Maus und Tastatur bedient. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit präsentiert die Erweiterung dieser magischen Linsen, sowohl in Bezug auf die Funktionalität als auch für die Interaktion an großen, vertikalen Displays. Insbesondere trägt diese Dissertation dazu bei, die Exploration von Graphen mit magischen Linsen durch natürliche Interaktion mit unterschiedlichen Modalitäten zu unterstützen. Dabei werden flexible Änderungen der Linsenfunktion, Anpassungen von individuellen Linseneigenschaften und Funktionsparametern, sowie die Kombination unterschiedlicher Linsen ermöglicht. Es werden Interaktionstechniken für die natürliche Manipulation der Linsen durch Multitouch-Interaktion, sowie das Kontrollieren von Linsen durch Mobilgeräte vor einer Displaywand vorgestellt. Außerdem wurde ein neuartiges Konzept körpergesteuerter magischer Linsen entwickelt. Funktionale Erweiterungen in Kombination mit diesen Interaktionskonzepten machen die Linse zu einem vom Nutzer einstellbaren, persönlichen Arbeitsbereich, der zudem alternative Interaktionsstile erlaubt. Als Grundlage für diese Erweiterungen stellt die Dissertation eine umfangreiche analytische Kategorisierung bisheriger Forschungsarbeiten zu magischen Linsen vor, in der Funktionen, Parameter und Interaktion mit Linsen eingeordnet werden. Zusätzlich macht die Arbeit Vor- und Nachteile körpernaher Interaktion für Werkzeuge bzw. ihre Steuerung zum Thema und diskutiert dabei Nutzerposition und -bewegung an großen Displaywänden belegt durch empirische Nutzerstudien.