All generation facilities have to report their generator un-availabilities to their respective Independent System Operators (ISOs). The un-availability of a generator is determined in terms of its probability of failure. Generators may serve the role of two kinds, base units which operates all the time and the others are peaking units which operate only for periods of time depending on load requirement. Calculation of probability of failure for peaking units using standard formulas gives pessimistic results owing to its time spent in the reserve shut down state. Therefore the normal two state representation of a generating unit is not adequate. A four state model was proposed by an IEEE committee to calculate the forced outage rate (unavailability) of such units. This thesis examines the representation of peaking units using a four-state model and performs the analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations to examine whether such a model does indeed represent the peaking units properly.

Disinheritance and Forced Heir Protection - abstract Disinheritance is a significant instrument in inheritance law, protecting the testator's autonomy to dispose of their own property. It allows the testator to deprive their descendants of the right to a forced share in the estate, breaking the centuries-old tradition of intergeneration solidarity. The antithesis to disinheritance is the protection of a testator's descendant, i.e. the forced heir, who, under common circumstances, has the right to be provided for by the testator in their mortis causa actions. However, the legislation concerning these matters is often unclear, inconsistent, and imprecise. The aim of this thesis is to point out these problems and explain them to the reader, offer a comprehensive view on the historical development of both disinheritance and forced heir protection, and describe the current substantive and procedural provisions. The first chapter which defines the basic terminology is followed by a chapter on the historical development of disinheritance and forced heir protection in ancient Rome, the Middle Ages but especially in the Austrian Civil Code (ABGB) and the Czechoslovak Civil Codes of 1950 and 1964. The succeeding chapters are focused on the general rules of disinheritance and forced heir protection, primarily the...

1 Protection of a forced heir and his disinheritance - Abstract The protection of a forced heir is the protection of a descendant who is entitled to have the testator leave him at least a forced share of his estate. It is a traditional institute of inheritance law, which is a manifestation of the principle of familiarization and intergenerational solidarity by ensuring that the testator cannot completely neglect his descendant from his acquisition without a legal reason. The corrective, ensuring the autonomy of the testator's expression of will, is the existence of an institute of disinheritance, which the testator can use if his descendant is not worthy of the inheritance for a reason defined by law. The two institutes coexist and should be interpreted in conjunction with each other. The thesis aimed to describe the institutes, especially according to the substantive law, with the addition of the necessary context of procedural law. The aim of the thesis was also to draw attention to problematic aspects and to analyze controversial issues and vague legal concepts. The first chapter is focused on defining the basic concepts of inheritance law, which are defined from general to specific. To understand the current legislation, much attention is paid to historical developments. The second chapter, therefore,...

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

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This research dealt with the following cases of relocation that occurred in Rundu, namely: Nkondo village in the 1950s, forced removal to Nkarapamwe Black Township in 1968, and the relocation of Sarusungu and Mangarangandja in 1971 and 1972. The central research aim of this study was to explain why and how relocations occurred and their impact on the communities. The study also aimed to explain the motives of the authorities for the removals.

This study has a twofold purpose. The first is to demonstrate the use of the Forced-Choice Technique in developing a rating scale for the selection of teachers adjudged to be ready to assume responsibility of an administrative nature and a role of leadership. The second is to develop a tentative rating scale for this purpose in the Dallas Independent School District, Dallas, Texas,

1 SUMMARY- FORCED HEIR AND DISINHERITANCE The subject of this thesis is the forced heir and disinheritance. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the current and future legal regulation while comparing them. Every testator is obliged to leave some part of the property to his or her forced heir. The forced heir is the testator's descendant and can be either minor or major. The only way for testator to avoid this obligation is to write a deed of disinheritance. There is a specified number of reasons of disinheritance; they are as follows: 1) the forced heir did not provide necessary assistance to the testator in disease, in old age or in a certain serious case 2) he did not show real interest in the testator 3) he was sentenced to imprisonment for at least one year 4) he led a dissolute life. The New Civil Code has replaced the third reason by following: the forced heir was sentenced for a criminal offense, which indicates his wicked nature, and adds one more reason of disinheritance, allowing to the testator to disinherit a wasteful forced heir. Both the current and future regulation of disinheritance are criticized for their generality and unclear definition of legal terms. The thesis is composed of 4 chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis: the forced heir...

Crimes of Communism: "Forced labor camps at uranium mines in Jachymov and Pribram in Fifties of the 20th century " In this thesis, I tried to submit, if possible, factually true and correct image of a politically and legally difficult period in our postwar history. Communist revolution in February 1948 started the socialist reconstruction of our society with all the attendant phenomena of rising totalitarian power. Persecution of political opponents and their re-education and forced labor work in uranium mines in Jachymov and Pribram is a really sad reality of our recent history of the fifties of the last century. In retrospect, absurd crimes these prisoners and incredibly inhumane prison conditions and rules of inconvenient people in forced labor camps only show monstrosity of Communist ideology and are proof of loathing practices then representatives of the ruling party. Overview of forced labor camps, the operation of the communist judiciary, the number of incarcerated people, and unfortunately, the numbers who stay in the camps and work in uranium mines have not survived are so by drawing on what the historical stage brought our ancestors and what must remain unforgotten.

Despite the lack of robust empirical evidence, a growing number of media reports attempt to link climate change to the ongoing violent conflicts in Syria and other parts of the world, as well as to the migration crisis in Europe. Exploiting bilateral data on asylum seeking applications for 157 countries over the period 2006-2015, we assess the determinants of refugee flows using a gravity model which accounts for endogenous selection in order to examine the causal link between climate, conflict and forced migration. Our results indicate that climatic conditions, by affecting drought severity and the likelihood of armed conflict, played a significant role as an explanatory factor for asylum seeking in the period 2011-2015. The effect of climate on conflict occurrence is particularly relevant for countries in Western Asia in the period 2010-2012 during when many countries were undergoing political transformation. This finding suggests that the impact of climate on conflict and asylum seeking flows is limited to specific time period and contexts. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series