This thesis argues that a thorough understanding of Methodism must attend to the lived experience of Methodist people, expressed within Methodist church communities. I use narrative research methods to show the nature of local Methodist identity. This research was conducted using group interviews with participants from three Methodist churches in West Yorkshire. In analysis of these interviews, a 'narrative of place' is revealed: this is how participants talk about the experience of their church's 'space' and make sense of their belonging. It communicates a shared sense of identity in each context. Through the narrative of place, I identify the shared experience of 'lived Methodism' that reflects my participants' belonging within a Methodist church and within that tradition. In 1932, three independent Methodist church groups, each with their own practical and theological emphases, united to form The Methodist Church of Great Britain. The contemporary Methodist Church claims and cherishes its place as a 'wide' church, accepts a diversity of practice. Therefore, attempting to define Methodist identity can be problematic. This thesis argues that Methodist identity is not merely given to the church by the Methodist Connexion, or as a function of meeting in a Methodist building, instead it is appropriated and lived locally. A series of two group interviews in three Methodist communities generates the data recorded in the form of transcripts. Using a narrative research methodology to interrogate this data, I expose the narrative of place and its three core emphases, these show how lived Methodism is revealed in my work. Initially, place and community demonstrates how community is formed locally. Using Pierre Bourdieu's theory of habitus, I argue that the language of place and community functions in setting the boundaries of that particular group in both conscious and unconscious ways. The community thus governs its practice and ecclesial identity. Secondly, place and memory is outlined. In the three church narratives, memory is used to claim validity for the current expression of the community, and to articulate the values the community wishes to highlight. These two areas highlight how the local churches own and understand their identity, leading finally to an analysis of place and tradition. This demonstrates an understanding of what it means to be a Methodist church. There exists a local tradition focussed on 'being the church here and now', which is fed by a received tradition mediated by those who are part of a broader Methodist narrative. The interface of these two modes of tradition creates a contextual Methodist tradition in each setting. I argue that it is here that a rich understanding of Methodism exists. Methodism is not a gift offered to a community, but a lived reality, claimed and valued by those who tell its story. The local narrative of place allows the lived experience of Methodism, in local church communities, to be heard and understood.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / This study aims to examine the policy of Structure and Strengthening of APL to milk the municipalities of New Address and Ibicuitinga in the region of the Lower Jaguaribe in the state of Ceara. Municipalities that are located within the second largest dairy basin of the state, but so far never had a public policy geared to conditioning and marketing of its main product (milk). Thus it was studying each of the structural aspects to the strengthening of its arrangement as territoriality, innovation, learning, social capital and governance. Among the towns covered by a cooling tanks in the region of the Lower Jaguaribe, chose the municipalities and Ibicuitinga New Address for our case study, on grounds of the municipalities are both higher and lower productivity respectively, among those contemplated. In addition to the structural peculiarities as income, production system and others who are different producers for each municipality, with the first of mostly ranchers and recent settlers. The data used in this work are the primary source of the questionnaire obtained by means of REDESIST adapted to the conditions of activity of dairy husbandry. In which they were applied to all 29 questionnaires, and 17 in New Address and 12 in Ibicuitinga in their respective units of milk production. What has been observed in our study was that the structural factors to abovementioned APL are much more present in daily activity of the production units of New Address, than that seen between the production units of Ibicuitinga, which as a result of factors of disparity in productivity daily average of the two counties searched. / O presente trabalho propÃe-se analisar a polÃtica de EstruturaÃÃo e Fortalecimento do APL de leite dos municÃpios de Morada Nova e Ibicuitinga situados na regiÃo do Baixo Jaguaribe no Estado do CearÃ. Esses municÃpios que se encontram localizados na segunda maior bacia leiteira do Estado, mas que atà entÃo nunca tiveram uma polÃtica pÃblica orientada ao condicionamento e comercializaÃÃo do seu principal produto (leite). Dessa forma, procurou-se estudar cada um dos aspectos estruturantes para o fortalecimento do respectivo arranjo como: territorialidade, inovaÃÃo, aprendizado, capital social e governanÃa. Dentre os municÃpios contemplados pelos tanques de resfriamento na regiÃo do Baixo Jaguaribe, escolhemos Morada Nova e Ibicuitinga para o nosso estudo de caso, em razÃo de ambos serem os municÃpios de maior e menor produtividade, respectivamente, dentre os contemplados. AlÃm das peculiaridades estruturantes como renda, sistema de produÃÃo e outros, que diferem os produtores de cada municÃpio. Os primeiros em sua grande maioria sÃo fazendeiros e os Ãltimos sÃo assentados. Os dados utilizados neste trabalho sÃo de origem primÃria obtidos por meio do questionÃrio adaptado da REDESIST, aos condicionantes da atividade da pecuÃria leiteira, na qual foram aplicados ao todo 29 questionÃrios, sendo 17 em Morada Nova e 12 em Ibicuitinga nas respectivas unidades de produÃÃo leiteira. O que se pÃde observar em nosso estudo foi que os fatores estruturantes acima mencionados ao APL sÃo bem mais presentes na atividade diÃria das unidades de produÃÃo de Morada Nova do que o observado entre as unidades produtivas de Ibicuitinga, o que resulta como um dos fatores da disparidade da produtividade mÃdia diÃria dos dois municÃpios pesquisados.

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Especialização em Planeamento). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2010

A dissertação de mestrado agora apresentada, inserida no âmbito do mestrado de Sociologia, Poder Local, Desenvolvimento e Mudança Social, resulta de uma investigação sobre os modos e as dinâmicas de (re)produção e de funcionamento do campo político local. Assim, pretende analisar as estratégias relacionais dos actores políticos locais no seu desempenho, procurando discernir os mecanismos de mediação e os modelos de gestão (mais ou menos pessoalizada e mais ou menos partidarizada) subjacentes à actuação dos eleitos locais e aos esquemas de partilha e/ou disputa de autoridade política, subtilmente encobertos pela lógica aparentemente formal e institucional dos sistemas sociais.

Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept of Political Science, December 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Background: While local anesthetics are essential drugs in dentistry, risks such as paresthesia are associated with their use. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reported paresthesia cases in the United Kingdom. Methods: Voluntary reports of paresthesia from local anesthetic use between 1998 and 2008 obtained from UK’s Yellow Card Scheme were examined. Statistical significance was tested using the Chi-Square analysis, comparing expected frequencies of paresthesia based on the UK dental anesthetic sales data, to the observed reports of paresthesia. Results: Of the 44 reported cases of paresthesia, 85% of the cases involved the mandible with the lingual nerve being the most often affected. The frequency of observed paresthesia associated with 4% articaine solution, was 5.9 times greater than expected (χ2, p<0.0001). Conclusions: These data suggest that paresthesia after the injection of local anesthetic in dentistry is rare, yet more likely to occur if a 4% solution is used.

Background: While local anesthetics are essential drugs in dentistry, risks such as paresthesia are associated with their use. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reported paresthesia cases in the United Kingdom. Methods: Voluntary reports of paresthesia from local anesthetic use between 1998 and 2008 obtained from UK’s Yellow Card Scheme were examined. Statistical significance was tested using the Chi-Square analysis, comparing expected frequencies of paresthesia based on the UK dental anesthetic sales data, to the observed reports of paresthesia. Results: Of the 44 reported cases of paresthesia, 85% of the cases involved the mandible with the lingual nerve being the most often affected. The frequency of observed paresthesia associated with 4% articaine solution, was 5.9 times greater than expected (χ2, p<0.0001). Conclusions: These data suggest that paresthesia after the injection of local anesthetic in dentistry is rare, yet more likely to occur if a 4% solution is used.

Introduction Controversy continues over the extent of surgical resection margin required to minimize the risk of local recurrence (LR) in breast conserving therapy (BCT) for stage I and II breast cancer. This thesis explores whether or not a narrow (less than or equal to 2 mm) but negative resection margin in BCT for stage I and II breast cancer affects LR. Methodology To address the question, all patients registered at the Saskatoon Cancer Center between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2000 with a diagnosis of stage I or II invasive duct carcinoma of the breast treated with BCT were examined. All charts and pathology reports were reviewed with a review of the pathology for all cases where the resection margin was unclear in the original report. Other factors know or thought to effect LR (age, radiation boost, grade, extensive duct carcinoma in situ, ER/PR receptor status, tumor size, and systemic adjuvant therapy) were considered in the statistical analysis. Results Amongst the 200 narrow margin cases 19 LR were detected (19/200=9.5%) while 52 LR were detected in the 491 wide margin cases (52/491=10.6%). This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions A narrow (less than or equal to 2 mm) surgical resection margin does not result in an increase in local recurrence compared to a surgical resection margin greater than 2 mm in breast conserving therapy for early stage duct carcinoma and does not warrant re-excision.

Introduction Controversy continues over the extent of surgical resection margin required to minimize the risk of local recurrence (LR) in breast conserving therapy (BCT) for stage I and II breast cancer. This thesis explores whether or not a narrow (less than or equal to 2 mm) but negative resection margin in BCT for stage I and II breast cancer affects LR. Methodology To address the question, all patients registered at the Saskatoon Cancer Center between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 2000 with a diagnosis of stage I or II invasive duct carcinoma of the breast treated with BCT were examined. All charts and pathology reports were reviewed with a review of the pathology for all cases where the resection margin was unclear in the original report. Other factors know or thought to effect LR (age, radiation boost, grade, extensive duct carcinoma in situ, ER/PR receptor status, tumor size, and systemic adjuvant therapy) were considered in the statistical analysis. Results Amongst the 200 narrow margin cases 19 LR were detected (19/200=9.5%) while 52 LR were detected in the 491 wide margin cases (52/491=10.6%). This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions A narrow (less than or equal to 2 mm) surgical resection margin does not result in an increase in local recurrence compared to a surgical resection margin greater than 2 mm in breast conserving therapy for early stage duct carcinoma and does not warrant re-excision.