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This thesis addresses three issues. These are the self-assembly of block copolymer in selective solvents, hierarchical assembly of micelles or crosslinked micelles of block copolymers, and the application of block copolymers as solid state compatibilizers in polymer-based photovoltaic cells. Poly(acrylic acid)-block-(2-cinnamoyloxylethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate) or PAA-b-PCEMA-b-PFOEMA self-assembles in solvent mixtures of α,α,α-trifluorotoluene (TFT) and methanol, which are selective towards PAA. At TFT volume fraction (fTFT) of 40 %, the copolymer forms vesicles at 70 oC and cylinders at 21 oC. These two structures inter-convert via meta-stable intermediates including jellyfish-like, tethered vesicular, and bilayer sheet-like structures. These structures occur in kinetic experiments involving quick temperature swing from 21 to 70 oC or vice versa and also in experiments involving annealing samples long at temperatures between 21 to 70 oC. Thus, they are meta-stable and point to complex pathways for the morphological transition. At fTFT = 10 %, the polymer forms vesicles with bumpy surface at 70 oC and toroids with sharp angles at 21 oC. Closely examined is how the liquid crystalline nature of the PFOEMA block affects the formation of these unique morphologies and their morphological transitions. Two types of hierarchical assembly of cylindrical micelles (cylinders) or crosslinked cylindrical micelles (fibers) of block copolymers are examined. First, carboxyl-bearing nanofibers of PAA-b-PCEMA and amino-bearing nanocylinders from poly(tert-butyl acrylate)-block-poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-dimethylamino-ethylmethacrylate), PtBA-b-PCEMA-b-PDMAEMA, are mixed in solvent. The two species firstly aggregate via electrostatic interaction. Upon heating and aging, the cylinders dissociate on the fibers and eventually evolve into composite multilayered cylindrical structures. Second, layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of carboxyl- and amine-bearing nanofibers yielded multilayer films. These films detached from a substrate separate nanospheres based on their size and surface charge differences. Diblock copolymers poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate-random-2-[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyroyoxyethyl methacrylate) (T-C60C) and poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(2-acetoxyethyl methacrylate-random-2-[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyroyoxyethyl methacrylate) (T-C60A) are synthesized and used as compatibilizers for polymer-based photovoltaic cells containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Both copolymers can stabilize the morphology of the active layer and thus the device performance. T-C60A in the active layer yields longer life-times and better initial performance of the devices, due to the matching of surface tensions between C60A and PCBM. / Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-02-05 13:45:04.189

The objective of my MSc thesis is to study the self-assembly process of macrocyclic complexes, as well as the properties that affect the obtained supramolecular architectures. The possibility of substrate recognition within the cavity of these complexes is also of interest. Preparation of three new ligands based on the triazole-pyridine chelating units connected through variable spacer groups, as well as the complexes formed with octahedral metal ions, are described herein. The first ligand contained a naphthalene spacer region, which was longer than the previously examined xylene spacer. This extension increases the distance between metal ions in the complex, as well as the size of the cavity. More work is required to obtain the unsaturated double-stranded complex, which could potentially bind substrate molecules within its cavity. The triple-stranded saturated complexes with [Fe(H2O)6](BF4)2 and [Ni(H2O)6](BF4)2 both gave insight into the process of self-assembly. The next two ligands were designed to probe the effect that increasing the length of an aliphatic spacer had on complex self-assembly. Both ethyl and propyl spacer units had been previously studied, so butyl and pentyl spacer groups were the natural next step to analyze. The length of the alkyl spacer was found to be very important in the nature of the obtained complex. As the length of the alkyl chain, and the corresponding flexibility increased, so too did the complexity of the resulting supramolecular architectures. / Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-03 12:21:39.581

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This thesis concerns the current legislation and practical issues of the right to assemble in the Czech Republic. In the introduction is described the development of the right of assembly from the year 1948 until the adoption of the current law, the Right of Assembly Act. The present legislation is based on the notifying principle. An Assembly shall therefore not be subject to permission of public authority. The legal framework of the right to assemble at national level consists primarily of Article 19 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Act No. 84/1990 Coll., on the Right of Assembly. In the field of international law is the respective regulation included mainly in the article 21 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Article 11 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The work describes the most important institutes of the right of assembly, such as the convening of the assembly and the convening person, the rights and obligations of the convener, participants and the authority, spontaneous gatherings, prohibition and dissolution of an assembly. More attention is paid to situations where there are conflicts between the convener and the authority, which strives to prevent some assemblies. This was also the question...

This thesis is submitted to an English university and English expressions are used throughout. Foreign words and expressions are italicised except for those accepted in common English use, e.g. the Holy Koran. Principal place names are as appearing in The Times Atlas. Minor place, tribal and family names are italicised and included in the Glossary of Arabic Terms (below). Diacritical marks are omitted throughout. Dates are given for the Common Era (C.E.), and comparative tables of Al Hijra (A.H.) and Common Era years follows the Glossary. Throughout the thesis, the Kingdom means the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and The Prophet means the Prophet Mohammad salla-Hahu alayhi wa- salam ("God bless him and give him peace"). The Majlis Ash-Shura means the Consultative Council, and is referred to as such throughout this thesis.

LL.M. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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acase@tulane.edu / Self-assembly driven by the hydrophobic effect is the fascinating phenomenon by which non-polar moieties in aqueous solution form unique structures. Perhaps the best known of these assembly processes is the creation of a micelle in water, where hydrophobic tail groups are forced inward while hydrophilic head groups are attracted to aqueous solvent. Beyond micellization, the hydrophobic effect has a strong effect on supramolecular assemblies where guest and host are driven together through the hydrophobic effect. One such supramolecular host is the deep cavity cavitand Octa-Acid (OA), which can encapsulate a hydrophobic guest. This encapsulation has potential applications in drug delivery, chemical catalysis and smart material polymer hydrogel synthesis. Molecular Dynamics simulations (MD) of this system have also been shown to demonstrate the curious phenomenon of cononsolvency, where addition of organic co- solvent causes non-monotonic changes in thermodynamic trends. Cononsolvency has been studied most notably in the literature through examining poly(n- isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), which features a coil-globule-coil transition as methanol is added to aqueous solution. While current research into cononsolvency centers on structural characteristics of the solute, this research focuses on cononsolvency driving effects of the solvent itself by focusing on attributes such as the speed of sound in mixed solutions, the partial molar volume of a co-solvent and the excess chemical potential of argon in solvent mixtures. A solvent-based approach to understanding cononsolvency can reveal trends applicable to all systems, not simply characteristics of one system at a time. Through this research, we uncover structural signatures correlating with cononsolvency. These new insights not only give a more thorough understanding of hydrophobic guest-host assembly, but into the hydrophobic effect and the nature of solvation. / 1 / Alexander Saltzman