Salmonella outbreaks associated with orange juices have been reported in the past. Though there have been studies on the internalization of Salmonella into oranges there is inadequate information on the ability of this pathogen to survive on orange surfaces, become internalized, and survive the low pH internal conditions. The objective of this work was to study the survival of Salmonella gaminara and Salmonella agona on oranges obtained from the field and retail outlets and investigate their attachment and internalization potential. These studies showed that oranges obtained from both the field and retail outlets harbored relatively high concentrations of aerobic heterotrophic bacterial populations. There were significant differences in the survival of Salmonella agona and Salmonella gaminara at 4??C, room temperature (25??C) and 37??C. Survival was highest at 37??C and lowest at 4??C for both Salmonella gaminara and Salmonella agona. Salmonella agona and Salmonella gaminara showed significant differences in recovery when the cells were treated with pH 4.0, 7.0 and 9.5 buffers. The internalization studies suggest that a negative temperature differential favors the internalization of Salmonella cells into the fruit. Significant differences in the internalization of Salmonella into field and market oranges were observed with more internalization in the field oranges as compared to the market oranges. These results suggest that to prevent Salmonella contamination of orange juices adequate pre-harvest protection against pathogen contamination and post-harvest cleaning and disinfection strategies need to be employed.

This study is targeted on the high grade elementary school students in Kaohsiung City¡Aand aims to look into the relation of parenting styles¡Aattachment relationship¡Aand life adjustment . Based on the discussion on relevant literatures,the theory,framework,and research tools adoptted in the research are thus developted.In this research, 1160 elementary school students are targeted to fill in this questionnaires and 1058 effetcive questionnaires are acquired.The research tools consist of ¡§Parenting Styles Scale¡¨, ¡§Attachment Relationship Scale¡¨, and ¡§Life Adjustment Scale¡¨.The effective samplings are analyzed by t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Product¡Ðmoment Correlation and ,Multiple Regression. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The whole performance of the elementary school students¡¦ parenting styles is good.Among the sectional scores,the dimension of demands is the highest. 2. The whole performance of the elementary school students¡¦ attachment relationship is good.Among the sectional scores, the dimension of alienation is the highest. 3. The whole performance of the elementary school students¡¦ life adjustment is good.Among the sectional scores, the dimension of family¡¦s adjustment is the highest. 4. The students of the fifth grade¡Atwo parents family¡Amiddle SES have a higher sense of the awareness of the parenting styles . 5. The girls,the fifth grade¡Amiddle SES have a higher sense of the awareness of the attachment relationship . 6. The girls,the fifth grade¡Ahigh and middle SES have a higher sense of the awareness of the life adjustment . 7. The clearer the students¡¦ parenting styles will be,the better attachment relationship will be. 8. The clearer the students¡¦ parenting styles will be,the better life adjustment will be. 9. The clearer the students¡¦ attachment relationship will be,the better life adjustment will be. 10. Students¡¦ backgrounds, parenting styles and attachment relationship have predicative efficacy for students¡¦ life adjustment. ¡§Mother¡¦s trust ¡¨can predict students¡¦ life adjustment best.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-117). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [72]-79). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [72]-79). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ii, 42 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-23).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (February 16, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-35)

Thesis (D. Phil.(Psychotherapy))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Liberty University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

It has only been within the past two decades that a new etiological model of sex offending has emerged that embraces attachment theory in order to provide a more comprehensive understating of how early attachment disruptions may contribute to sexually aggressive behavior. Although there is much theoretical support for the insecure attachment-sex offending paradigm, very little work has been done in the area of empirical validation. Furthermore, the majority of the research that has been conducted in this area focuses on adult offenders and primarily relies on self-report measures of attachment. Therefore, this study examined patterns of attachment in a sample of juvenile sex offenders utilizing a projective instrument, The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). This new measure assesses the unconscious aspects of one’s representational model of attachment, such as defenses and underlying expectations concerning relationships. In addition to examining the implicit facet of the attachment construct, this study also explored individuals’ conscious perceptions of attachment needs and experiences by means of a self-report measure. Twenty-five male adolescent sex offenders participated in this study. All subjects were administered the AAP and the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment. A brief interview was also conducted in order to gather more detailed descriptive information concerning the adolescents’ family relationships and history of sexual offenses. Results from this study indicated that 100% of the adolescents were classified as insecure on the AAP. The majority of subjects were judged to be dismissing (52%), followed closely by the unresolved attachment status (44%). These findings were discussed in terms of the disorganized attachment-sex offending model and in regards to the attachment concept of “failed mourning.” Qualitative data from the subjects’ interviews and AAP stories were used to provide further support for these theories. The divergent objective-projective test scores that emerged from this study were discussed in terms of their utility and the ways in which they complement each other. Overall, results from this study suggested that insecure attachment may play an important role in sexually aggressive behavior and that attachment-based intervention models may be useful when working with this population. / text