This study explores the interaction between feminist science fiction and feminist theory, focusing on the body and embodiment. Specifically, it aims to demonstrate that feminist science fiction novels of the 1990s offer an excellent platform for exploring the critical theories of the body put forward by Judith Butler in particular, and other feminist/queer theorists in general. The thesis opens with a brief history of science fiction's depiction of the body and feminist science fiction's subversions and rewritings of this, as well as an overview of Judith Butler's theories relating to the body and embodiment. It then considers a wide range of feminist science fiction novels from the 1990s, focusing on four key areas; bodies materialised outside patriarchal systems in women-only or women-ruled worlds, alien bodies, cyborg bodies and bodies in cyberspace. An in-depth analysis of the selected texts reveals that they have important contributions to make to the consideration of bodies as they develop and expand the issues raised by theorists such as Butler, Elisabeth Grosz, Luce Irigaray and Julia Kristeva.

In The Deptford Trilogy, Robertson Davies uses the circus freaks and the Roman Catholic Saints who influence the main characters to illustrate the duality inherent in all human beings.

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Dynasties of Demons: Cannibalism from Lu Xun to Yu Hua focuses on the issue of representations of the body in modern Chinese fiction. My interest concerns the relationship, or correspondence between "textual" bodies and the physical "realities" they are meant to represent, particularly where those representations involve the body as a discursive site for the intersection of state ideology and the individual. The relationship between the body and the state has been a question of profound significance for modern Chinese literati dating back to the late Qing, but it was Lu Xun who, with the publication of his short story "Kuangren riji" (Diary of a Madman), in 1918, initiated the literaty discourse on China's "apparent penchant for cannibalizing its own people. In the first chapter of my dissertation I discuss L u Xun's fiction by exploring two distinct, though not mutually exclusive issues: (1) his diagnosis of China's debilitating "spiritual illness," which he characterized as being cannibalistic; (2) his highly inventive, counter-intuitive narrative strategy for critiquing traditional Chinese culture without contributing to or stimulating his reader's prurient interests in violent spectacle. To my knowledge I am the first critic of modern Chinese literature to write about Lu Xun's erasure of the spectacle body. In Chapters II, III and IV, I discuss the writers Han Shaogong, Mo Yan, and Yu Hua, respectively, to illustrate that sixty years after Lu Xun's madman first "wrote" the prophetic words, chi ren A (eat people), a number of post-Mao writers took up their pens to announce that the human feast did not end with Confucianism; on the contrary, with the advent of Maoism the feasting began in earnest. Each of these post-Mao writers approaches the issue of China's "spiritual dysfunction" from quite different perspectives, which I have characterized in the following way: Han Shaogong (Atavism); Mo Yan (Ambivalent-Nostalgia); and Yu Hua (Deconstruction). As becomes evident through my analysis of selected texts, despite their very significant differences (personal, geographic, stylistic) all three writers come to oddly similar conclusions that are, in and of themselves, not dissimilar to the conclusion arrived at by Lu Xun's madman.

Dynasties of Demons: Cannibalism from Lu Xun to Yu Hua focuses on the issue of representations of the body in modern Chinese fiction. My interest concerns the relationship, or correspondence between "textual" bodies and the physical "realities" they are meant to represent, particularly where those representations involve the body as a discursive site for the intersection of state ideology and the individual. The relationship between the body and the state has been a question of profound significance for modern Chinese literati dating back to the late Qing, but it was Lu Xun who, with the publication of his short story "Kuangren riji" (Diary of a Madman), in 1918, initiated the literaty discourse on China's "apparent penchant for cannibalizing its own people. In the first chapter of my dissertation I discuss L u Xun's fiction by exploring two distinct, though not mutually exclusive issues: (1) his diagnosis of China's debilitating "spiritual illness," which he characterized as being cannibalistic; (2) his highly inventive, counter-intuitive narrative strategy for critiquing traditional Chinese culture without contributing to or stimulating his reader's prurient interests in violent spectacle. To my knowledge I am the first critic of modern Chinese literature to write about Lu Xun's erasure of the spectacle body. In Chapters II, III and IV, I discuss the writers Han Shaogong, Mo Yan, and Yu Hua, respectively, to illustrate that sixty years after Lu Xun's madman first "wrote" the prophetic words, chi ren A (eat people), a number of post-Mao writers took up their pens to announce that the human feast did not end with Confucianism; on the contrary, with the advent of Maoism the feasting began in earnest. Each of these post-Mao writers approaches the issue of China's "spiritual dysfunction" from quite different perspectives, which I have characterized in the following way: Han Shaogong (Atavism); Mo Yan (Ambivalent-Nostalgia); and Yu Hua (Deconstruction). As becomes evident through my analysis of selected texts, despite their very significant differences (personal, geographic, stylistic) all three writers come to oddly similar conclusions that are, in and of themselves, not dissimilar to the conclusion arrived at by Lu Xun's madman. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Chez D. H. Lawrence, le non-humain correspond à la fois à une forme de vitalité primordiale et aux créatures végétales et animales que cette vitalité anime bien davantage que les hommes, étouffés par une civilisation moderne qui les rend inertes. Le non-humain apparaît comme le dépositaire d‘une présence pure, existant avant ou hors de la culture. Lawrence est donc confronté à la difficulté de représenter cette présence pure par un moyen intrinsèquement « humain », le langage poétique. Il ne se pose alors pas simplement en anti-humaniste : son écriture poétique du non-humain procède d‘un conflit permanent entre la volonté de se libérer du carcan humain et la nécessité de demeurer dans la sphère humaine, voire de réinstaurer la limite entre humain et non-humain. Ce conflit s‘exprime déjà dans le non-humain comme simple matière vivante, sous la forme d‘une tension entre une conception de la matière comme pure présence extérieure à tout discours humain et une vision de la matière comme objet scientifique par excellence. Dans l‘évocation des créatures, le conflit incite Lawrence à réinventer spécifiquement pour elles des rapports au monde (émotions, perception, agentivité) qui leur permettent de préserver leur présence. Dans le rapport de Lawrence aux créatures non-humaines, le conflit demeure car Lawrence remet en question la limite qui le sépare du non-humain mais la réaffirme également. Enfin, la dialectique entre la volonté de saisir la présence du non-humain et la crainte de l‘abstraire complètement en l‘incluant dans le langage semble particulièrement présente dans ce que nous tentons de définir comme un langage poétique propre au non-humain, au-delà de sa simple utilisation chez Lawrence. / In D. H. Lawrence‘s poetry, the non-human is both a form of primordial vitality and the living world of non-human creatures. Non-human creatures are seen as more able to embody this vitality than modern men, stifled by their civilization. The non-human stands outside the sphere of culture, and its mode of existence is consequently an untouched, pure form of presence. Therefore, Lawrence faces the difficulty of representing this pure presence through an inherently ―human‖ means, poetic language. However, his stance is not entirely anti-humanist: his poetic writing of the non-human is founded on an unceasing conflict between the will to break free from the constraints of humanity and the necessity to remain within a human sphere, and even to reinstate the limit between human and non-human. In the representation of the non-human as mere living matter, this conflict is already manifest, taking the shape of a tension between matter as existing completely outside human discourse, and matter as a scientific object par excellence. When Lawrence evokes the creatures, this conflict brings about a reconfiguration of specific non-human modes of being in the world (emotions, perception, agency), which allow the creatures to interact with each other without diminishing or abstracting their presence. In the poet‘s own relationship with the non-human creatures, the conflict appears again as Lawrence questions the limit between human and non-human while reinstating it. At last, the dialectic between a will to capture non-human presence and the fear of abstracting it when including it within the sphere of language seems particularly present in what we have attempted to establish as a poetic language specific to the representation of the non-human, in Lawrence and other poets.

This dissertation layers trauma studies theory with feminist theories of performance and autobiography to investigate how women's autobiographically based performances of illness experience disrupt and/or reinforce master discourses of medicine, identity, and knowledge. Feminist theories of performance and autobiography share with trauma studies the distrust of traditional frames and mechanisms of representation, and seek to discover new methods of interpreting experiences that lie "outside the realm" of normative discourse. These theories are further linked by their shared focus on agency and identity construction and an understanding of autobiography that emphasizes the limitations of language and memory which allows for aporia, contradiction, and dissonance, and the belief that testimony functions as a politicized performative of truth. Employing these theoretical perspectives, Carr investigates how these performances witness to radical reconfigurations of identity through the transference of trauma into conveyable life narrative -- even when those narratives falls outside the paradigm of traditional storytelling structures. Carr questions how the structures and content of these performances reveal what traumas are inflicted not only through illness, but also through treatment and care within the western medical model. Throughout the study Carr examines the moments when the cognitive structures of trauma are transmitted into performance through a variety of feminist and avant-garde performance techniques. Carr investigates the work of specific performers and contextualizes the performances within popular culture and medical discourse. Performances analyzed include; Robbie McCauley's Sugar, Susan Miller's My Left Breast, Brandyn Barbara Artis's Sister Girl, and Deb Margolin's bringing the fishermen home and Three Seconds in the Key. Carr questions how the formerly or currently ill female body performing in public disrupts notions of fixed and stable identity while examining the myriad identity constructions embedded within illness narrative. Rather than simplistic triumphant stories of individual cure and recovery, these complex expressions of traumatic experience reveal patterns of cultural oppression that keep the ill female body isolated and silenced. This study attempts to intervene in that silence by foregrounding these politicized performances.

Zugl.: Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin, Diss.