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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Enhancement in the double Higgs boson production by e+ e− annihilation and physics beyond the standard model. / Aprimoramento na produção em dobro de bóson de Higgs por aniquilação de e+ e− e física além do modelo padrão.

Vásquez Tocora, Andrés Felipe 29 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by ANDRES FELIPE VASQUEZ TOCORA (anfvasquezto@unal.edu.co) on 2018-10-02T21:56:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thesis.pdf: 3832471 bytes, checksum: 13b65d2c4a9d5e2b2c7414dd2cdfba50 (MD5) / Rejected by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo - Favor inserir a ficha catalográfica no pdf , logo após a página de rosto - No PDF está faltando as palavras-chave logo após o resumo e abstract on 2018-10-03T14:34:04Z (GMT) / Submitted by ANDRES FELIPE VASQUEZ TOCORA (anfvasquezto@unal.edu.co) on 2018-10-03T16:52:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis.pdf: 4205198 bytes, checksum: 499748f6d69605fda811e56805ac4e12 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br) on 2018-10-03T17:32:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vasqueztocora_af_me_ift.pdf: 4205198 bytes, checksum: 499748f6d69605fda811e56805ac4e12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-03T17:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vasqueztocora_af_me_ift.pdf: 4205198 bytes, checksum: 499748f6d69605fda811e56805ac4e12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The main goal of this dissertation is to show the enhancement of the cross-section for the double Higgs production through pair annihilation by including effective interactions and through the non-perturbative Sommerfeld effect. Bounds to some Wilson coefficients were obtained from such enhancement, this in the scenarios of the future e+ e− -colliders (FCC-ee, ILC, CLIC). In order to achieve this, some computational tools were implemented: FeynRules, FeynArts, FormCalc, and LoopTools. It is also shown the enhancement of the double Higgs production in 2HDM and MSSM, discussing the general framework of these two models. In addition, it is studied the threshold behavior of the cross-section for the double Higgs production when a hidden sector couples to the Higgs boson, yielding resonances below the threshold energy due to non-perturbative effects. We study the Sommerfeld effect in the double Higgs production in the scenario of e+ e− -colliders. The enhancement is discussed as generated from a hidden sector coupled to the Higgs boson. Below and above threshold enhancements are presented. Such analysis is of importance in the ILC project, which will operate up to the threshold energy √s = 250 GeV. The results has been achieved by the use of computational tools like FeynArts, FormCalc, and LoopTools. / O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é, mostrar o aprimoramento da seção de choque para a produção em dobro dos bósons de Higgs, por meio de aniquilação de pares, incluindo interações efetivas e através do efeito não perturbativo de Sommerfeld. De tais aprimoramentos, os limites para alguns coeficientes de Wilson foram obtidos, isso nos cenários de futuros aceleradores de e+e- (FCC-ee, ILC, CLIC). Para atingir estes resultados, algumas ferramentas computacionais foram implementadas: FeynRules, FeynArts, FormCalc e LoopTools. Também, é mostrado o aprimoramento da produção em dobro de bósons de Higgs no “2HDM” e “MSSM”, discutindo o marco geral desses dois modelos. Além disso, foi estudado o comportamento, perto do limite de produção, da seção de choque da produção em dobro dos bósons de Higgs, quando um setor escondido é acoplado ao Higgs, produzindo ressonâncias abaixo da energia limite de produção, devido à efeitos não perturbativos.
102

O Seesaw Inverso como mecanismo de geração de pequenas massas para os neutrinos

Sampieri, Adriano Rodrigues 09 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 354736 bytes, checksum: 7cf5aa1bfd0c39f4aa895f8ab4ba7e67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / For a long time it is known that neutrinos have mass and are also able to oscilate between their flavor states. However, the Standard Model only contain massless neutrinos, what lead us to believe that, among other known issues of the model, it is not the final theory. If we want to give an explanation to the neutrino masses we would have to extend the Standard Model in such a way to naturally accommodate these tiny masses. A great number of mechanisms appeared for such matters and the Canonical Seesaw Mechanism was highly accepted for its simplicity and beautifulness. Simple because it demands the addition of a minimal set of fields possible to obtain the neutrino mass at the order of sub-eV. Beautiful because it requires the breaking of lepton number at the scale of Great Unification Theories, bringging effects of high energy theories to low energy ones. Nevertheless, its beauty has a price. It will be impossible for the Canonical Seesaw Mechanism to be tested in recent and future experiments, hence new mechanisms emerged with the possibility of being probed by the experiments. We propose a mechanism based on the Inverse Seesaw Mechanism, which gives rise to the neutrino mass at sub-eV relying on a tiny leptonic breaking scale μ ∼ KeV. The Inverse Seesaw is not able to explain, in a natural way, the smallness of the μ parameter and it is here that our modifications emerge. With the introduction of new scalar fields and assuming a Z5⊗Z2 symmetry it is possible to dinamicaly explain the smallness of μ and also recover the Canonical Seesaw formula for the neutrino masses. Along with that, the right-handed neutrinos are able to be at the eletroweak scale, hence it is possible to test the model in actual experiments. / Sabemos há vários anos que os neutrinos possuem massa, bem como oscilam entre seus estados de sabor. No entanto, o Modelo Padrão contém apenas neutrinos sem massa, o que nos leva a crer, juntamente com outros problemas conhecidos da teoria, que ele não é a teoria final. Se quisermos explicar as massas dos neutrinos, devemos estender o Modelo Padrão de tal forma a acomodar estas pequenas massas naturalmente. Muitos mecanismos com este fim surgiram e o Mecanismo Seesaw Canônico se destacou por sua simplicidade e beleza. Simples por exigir a menor modificação possível do Modelo Padrão para que ele seja realizado. Belo pois requer a quebra explícita do número leptônico em uma escala de energia da ordem da escala das Teorias de Grande Unificação, trazendo efeitos de teorias a altas energias para teorias a baixas energias. Contudo, sua beleza tem um preço. Em experimentos recentes e futuros é impossível que o Mecanismo Seesaw Canônico seja testado, consequentemente novos mecanismos surgiram com a possibilidade de que os experimentos possam comprová-los. Nossa proposta é baseada no Mecanismo Seesaw Inverso, cujo objetivo é gerar a massa dos neutrinos da ordem de sub-eV através de uma pequena escala de quebra do número leptônico μ ∼ KeV. O Seesaw Inverso não é capaz de explicar de uma forma natural a pequenez do parâmetro μ e é neste ponto que nossas modificações surgem. Com a introdução de novos campos escalares e assumindo uma simetria Z5 ⊗ Z2 é possível explicar dinamicamente a pequenez de μ e também recuperar a fórmula para as massas dos neutrinos obtidas no Seesaw Canônico. Juntamente com isso, os neutrinos de mão-direita podem ter massas até da ordem da escala Eletro-Fraca, portanto passa a ser possível que este modelo seja testado em experimentos atuais.
103

Supersimetria e o modelo mínimo supersimétrico /

Holguín Cardona, Sergio Andrés. January 2005 (has links)
Resumo: A supersimetria é um tópico importante na física teórica atual. Em particular, tem-se dedicado grande esforço no estudo das extensões supersimétricas do Modelo Padrão (SM) desde a década de 80. A incorporação da supersimetria no SM resulta em uma grande quantidade de modelos. O modelo com o conteúdo mínimo de partículas assim como de interações é chamado o Modelo Mínimo Supersimétrico (MSSM). DEvido à supersimetria, todos os modelos supersimétricos apresentam diferenças com relação ao SM. A principal delas, além do conteúdo de partículas, está no setor de Higgs. Em particular, o setor de Higgs do modelo MSSM contem cinco graus de liberdade (cinco bósons de Higgs), diferentemente do SM, que contem apenas um bóson de Higgs. Outra diferença importante no caso do MSSM deve-se à mistura dos estados associados pela supersimetria aos bósons de Gauge e aos bósons de Higgs, chamados gauginos e higgsinos respectivamente, cujos autoestados de massa são conhecidos como charginos e neutralinos. Estas partículas desempenham um papel fundamental na possível descoberta da supersimetria na escala de energia de TeV's. / Abstract: Supersymmetry is a fundamental topic in the actual theoretical physics. In particular, since the 80's, huge efforts have been done studying the supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model (SM). Including supersymmetry in the SM generates a great amount of models. Among all of these, there is one that involves the minimum number of particles and interactions. This model is known as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). Due to the incorporation of supersymmetry, all the extensions have differences in relation with the SM. The most remarkable one, beyond the particles content, lies in the Higgs sector. Particularly, in the MSSM Higg's sector there are five degrees of freedom (five Higgs bosons), in contrast with the SM (just one). Another difference is related wit the higgsino and gaugino mixture. This result in the presence of mass eigenstates known as charginos and neutralinos. The later particles play a fundamental role in the possible test of supersymmetry at the TeV's scales. / Orientador: Fernando Luiz de Campos Carvalho / Coorientador: Rogério Rosenfeld / Mestre
104

Limites de unitariedade para vértices quárticos anômalos / Unitarity Limits on Anomalous Quartic Vertex

Eduardo da Silva Almeida 23 March 2018 (has links)
Neste trabalho consideramos extensões do Modelo Padrão contendo vértices quárticos anômalos parametrizados por operadores efetivos de dimensão oito. Estes alteram o comportamento das amplitudes do tipo VV VV , onde V pode ser o fóton, o bóson Z, o bóson W ou o Higgs. Para essa extensão ser consistente, ela tem que obedecer o teorema ótico. Entretanto, as amplitudes geradas por estes operadores efetivos tendem a aumentar conforme a energia do centro de massa aumenta. Estudaremos o comportamento dessas amplitudes e determinaremos se há violação de unitariedade. Para isso utilizamos também o formalismo da base de helicidade. / In this work we consider Standard Model extensions containing anomalous quartic vertex parametrized by effective dimension-eight operators. These modify the behaviour of the scat- tering amplitudes VV VV , where V can be photon, Z boson, W boson and Higgs. To this extension be consistent, it has to obey the optical theorem. However, the amplitudes generated by these effective operators tends to grow as the center of mass energy increase. We will study the behaviour of these amplitudes and we will determine if there is unitarity violation. For this it was also used the helicity base formalism.
105

\"Física além do modelo padrão em teorias com dimensões extras\" / Physics Beyond Standard Model in Theories with Extra Dimensons

Priscila Massetto de Aquino 27 April 2007 (has links)
O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar teorias que utilizam dimensões extras para explicar os problemas que surgem no Modelo Padrão quando a energia atinge valores muito altos chegando à ordem TeV. Trabalhamos especificamente com modelos com mais de 4 dimensões, onde as dimensões extras são espaciais e compactificadas com o procedimento S1/Z2. Sabemos que o Modelo Padrão é consistente com todos os dados experimentais que medimos até hoje, mas existem muitas razões para esperarmos nova física na escala TeV. Iniciamos o trabalho apresentando os aspectos mais importantes do Modelo Padrão. Seguimos especificando alguns problemas que surgem no Modelo Padrão no limite para altas energias que resultaram na motivação para a criação de Teorias Além do Modelo Padrão. Explicitamos alguns de seus problemas, mas entramos em detalhes no estudo de dois principais: o Problema da Hierarquia e o Problema de Massa dos Férmions. Em seguida, definimos os três tipos de teorias que utilizam dimensões extras para solucionar o Problema da Hierarquia e as apresentamos na ordem em que foram idealizadas. As duas primeiras, denominadas \"Large Extra Dimensions\" (LED) e \"Universal Extra Dimensions\" (UED) utilizam uma métrica plana do espaço-tempo total e são diferentes na definição da propagação dos campos em determinadas dimensões. A \"Warped Extra Dimensions\" (WED) utiliza uma uma métrica curva do espaço-tempo 5-dimensional e soluciona o Problema da Hierarquia de maneira diferenciada. Para finalizar definimos especificamente uma teoria WED e calculamos sua correspondência em uma teoria 4-dimensional. Através desta teoria efetiva, estudamos sua fenomenologia no Large Hadron Collider (LHC) e mostramos como ela se relaciona com a origem dos sabores fermiônicos. Como consequência, mostramos que o Problema de Massa dos Férmions é naturalmente solucionado, e propomos um sinal experimental para testar este aspecto da teoria no LHC. / The goal of this dissertation is to study theories that use extra dimensions to solve the problems that appear in the Standard Model at energies of the order 1 TeV. Specifically, we worked with models with more than 4 dimensions, where the spatial dimensions are compactified in an S1/Z2 orbifold. The Standard Model agrees to a great degree with the experimental data we have today but there are several reasons to expect new physics at the TeV scale. We start presenting the most important aspects of the Standard Model. We then specify some of the problems that appear at high energies (higher than the weak scale) and that are the motivation to consider theories beyond the Standard Model. We focus on two such problems: the hierarchy problem and the origin of the fermion masses. We present three types of theories using extra dimensions to address the hierarchy problem. The first two, Large Extra Dimensions (LED) and Universal Extra Dimensions (UED) use a flat metric and only differ on the fields that are allowed to propagate in the extra dimensions. Warped Extra Dimensions (WED) use a curved metric to solve the hierarchy problem in a unique way. Within a WED setup, we study the resulting four-dimensional effective theory. This theories naturally explain the hierarchy of fermion masses. Within this effective theory, we study the phenomenology at the LHC as it relates to the origin of flavor. In particular, we propose a signal that can test this important aspect of the theory.
106

Modelos seesaw a baixas energias e modelo de violação mínima de sabor no modelo seesaw tipo III / Low energy of seesaw models and minimal flavour violation in type III seesaw

Lindber Ivan Salas Escobar 10 October 2012 (has links)
Enquanto todos os modelos com neutrinos massivos de Majorana levam ao mesmo operador efetivo de dimensão d = 5, que não conserva número leptônico, os operadores de dimensão d = 6, obtidos a baixas energias, conservam número leptônico e são diferentes dependendo do modelo de alta energia da nova física. Derivamos os operadores de dimensão d = 6 que são característicos de modelos Seesaw genéricos, no qual a massa do neutrino resulta do intercâmbio de campos pesados que podem ser tanto singletos fermiônicos, tripletos fermiônicos ou tripletos escalares. Os operadores resultantes podem conduzir a efeitos observáveis no futuro próximo, se os coeficientes dos operadores de dimensão d = 5 e d = 6 são desacoplados. Neste trabalho apresentamos o modelo violação mínima de sabor no contexto do modelo seesaw tipo III, no qual é possível obter tal desacoplamento. Isto permite reconstruir a estrutura de sabor a partir dos valores das massas dos neutrino leves e dos parâmetros de mistura, mesmo na presença de fases de violação CP. / While all models of Majorana neutrino masses lead to the same dimension five effective operator, which does not conserve lepton number, the dimension six operators induced at low energies conserve lepton number and differ depending on the high energy model of new physics. We derive the low-energy dimension six operators which are characteristic of generic Seesaw models, in which neutrino masses result from the exchange of heavy fields which may be either fermionic singlets, fermionic triplets or scalar triplets. The resulting operators may lead to effects observable in the near future, if the coefficients of the dimension five and six operators are decoupled. In this work we present the model of minimal avor violation in the context of the type III seesaw model, in which it is possible to obtain the decoupling mentioned before. This allows to reconstruct the avour structure of the model from the values of the light neutrino masses and mixing parameters, even in the presence of CP-violating phases.
107

Sinais de produção de novos bósons vetoriais no LHC / Signals of production of new vector bosons at the LHC

Dorival Gonçalves Netto 25 September 2009 (has links)
Neste trabalho realizamos uma abordagem fenomenológica da observação de novos bósons de spin-1 associados ao setor de Quebra de Simetria Eletrofraca. Como motivação a essa análise estudamos primeiramente o caso especial de modelos baseados no mecanismo de Quebra espontânea de Simetria por Condições de Contorno, os quais também apresentam uma torre de bósons vetoriais de Kaluza-Klein assegurando a unitariedade no espalhamento entre bósons gauge. Na análise fenomenológica efetuamos uma abordagem independente de modelo analisando o potencial do Large Hadron Collider (LHC) na detecção de novos bósons vetoriais associados ao setor de quebra de simetria. / In this work we performed a phenomenological observation of new spin-1 bosons associated with the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking sector. As motivation for this analysis we previously studied the special case of models based on the mechanism of Eletroweak Symmetry Breaking via Boundary Conditions, which also have a tower vector of Kaluza-Klein bosons ensuring unitarity in scattering between gauge bosons. In the phenomenological analysis we performed a model independent approach to analyzing the potential of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the detection of new vector bosons associated with the symmetry breaking sector.
108

Searching for Vector-Like Quarks Using 36.1 fb^{-1} Of Proton-Proton Collisions Decaying to Same-Charge Dileptons and Trileptons + b-jets at √s = 13 TeV with The ATLAS Detector

Jones, Sarah, Jones, Sarah January 2017 (has links)
Since the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, the search for new physics beyond the Standard Model has been greatly intensified. At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), ATLAS searches for new physics entail looking for new particles by colliding protons together. Presented here is a search for a new form of quark matter called Vector-like Quarks (VLQ), which are hypothetical particles that are expected to have mass around a few TeV. VLQ can come in a variety of forms and can couple to their Standard Model (SM) quark counterparts, particularly to the third generation. They are necessary in several beyond the SM theories in order to solve the hierarchy problem. This search uses 36.1 fb−1of proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC from August 2015 to October 2016. Only events with two leptons of the same charge, or three leptons, plus b-jets and high missing transverse energy are considered in the main analysis. This signature is rarely produced in the SM, which means the backgrounds in this analysis are relatively low. This analysis is sensitive to specific predicted decay modes from pair production of an up-type VLQ with a charge of +2/3, T, an up-type VLQ with a charge of +5/3, T5/3, and a down-type quark with a charge of −1/3, B, as well as single production of T5/3. There is another theorized VLQ that this analysis is not sensitive to: B−4/3, due to its primary decay mode, which is unable to produce the final-state signature of interest. The results from this analysis suggest only a slight deviation of data from SM backgrounds reaching as high as 1.89σ, which does not indicate evidence for VLQ. A mostly frequentist statistical technique, called the CLS Method, is used to interpret the data and set limits on the T, B, and T5/3 signal models. Using this method, exclusion limits are set at the 95% confidence level, effectively excluding T mass below 0.98 TeV, T5/3 mass below 1.2 TeV, and B mass below 1.0 TeV, assuming singlet branching ratios. Also, branching ratio independent limits are set on the T and B VLQ.
109

Search for the Lepton Flavour Violating Decay in Upsilon(3S) ->emu

Tasneem, Nafisa 12 September 2017 (has links)
Charged lepton flavour violating processes are highly suppressed in the standard model, but they are predicted to be enhanced in several new physics extensions including supersymmetry and models with leptoquarks or compositeness. Data collected with the BaBar detector at the SLAC PEP-II e$^+$e$^-$ asymmetric collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 10.36~GeV were used to search for electron-muon flavor violation in $\Upsilon (3S)\rightarrow e^{\pm}\mu^{\pm}$ decays. The search was conducted using a data sample in which 118 million $\Upsilon (3S)$ mesons were produced, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27~$fb^{-1}$. There is no evidence of a signal in the $\Upsilon (3S)$ data and we report our results as upper limits on $\mathcal{B}(\Upsilon(3S)\rightarrow e^{\pm}\mu^{\mp})<3.6\times10^{-7}\mathrm{at~ 90\%~ CL}$. / Graduate
110

Measurement of neutral current Drell-Yan production at 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Kwan, Tony 16 August 2017 (has links)
Neutral current Drell-Yan production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC was studied with the ATLAS detector. The 20.1 inverse femtobarn data set used in this precision measurement was collected in 2012 during which the LHC collided protons at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The production rate or differential cross-section was measured in three-dimensions: invariant mass, absolute rapidity, and cosine of the polar angle in the Collins-Soper frame. A measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry was obtained from the differential cross-section by summing over the forward and the backward events and taking their difference. The three-dimensional differential cross-section measurement presented in this dissertation can be used to constrain the invariant mass- and rapidity-dependent parton distribution functions of the proton and the forward-backward asymmetry results can be used to extract a measurement of the weak mixing angle. / Graduate

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