Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Washington University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-251).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Northern Illinois University, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [313]-333).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-210).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Author's Habilitationsschrift--Universität-Gesamthochschule-Siegen. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-247) and index.

"Mémoire présenté e défendu en vue de l'obtention du titre de Licencié en sciences économiques"--Université de Kinshasa, année académique 1995-1996. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (MA.(Political Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights establishes both the right to subsistence and the right to culture as rights that all humans should have. In practice, however, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) run into many moral implications when providing aid to the hungry, one of them being conflicts with local customs. In this essay, I will discuss a theoretical account of actions for providing some insight into the moral implications faced by NGOs in their work. First I discuss both one’s right to subsistence and one’s right to culture, and finally establish whether it’s possible to have one of these rights take precedence of the other.

The Norwegian government has submitted a report to the Norwegian parliament, concluding that raw oil export can no longer sustain economic growth. Norway is therefore seeking other industries to minimize the economic loss this is causing. Norway is already the largest exporter of salmon and trout in the world. The report states that the government's goal is to increase production to five times today's production by 2050. The ability and desire to grow has its backing from a handful of large companies dominating the aquaculture business and a newly recognized right-wing government eager to make the playroom larger for the aquaculture industry. This paper analyzes the report, using an ethical matrix, looking for ethical arguments from the government as well as defining the stakeholders affected by the government's goal. This thesis' aim is to analyze and discuss the broad range of ethical concerns, based on an ethical matrix, so that a variety of ethical perspectives can be included in an evaluative discussion.

M.A. (Development Studies) / Between 2000 and 2010, Zimbabwe experienced a protracted socio-economic and political crisis. At the height of the crisis (towards the end of 2008), inflation was at 89.7 sextillion percent year-on-year. The period witnessed an increase in the number of non-governmental organisations operating in rural areas. This study draws from theories of the state to investigate state-NGO and community relations that ensued due to the proliferation of NGO activity. It goes on to explore the extent to which NGOs implemented participatory approaches in their interventions, and how the rural subaltern classes experienced these interventions. The setting for this study is Mangwe, a rural district situated in the south-western part of Zimbabwe. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used as data collection techniques. The participants were villagers, state agricultural extension officers, NGO managers and fieldworkers. My findings are that despite heightened anti-NGO rhetoric spewed by the ruling elite during this period, in Mangwe relations between NGOs and local state structures are amiable and cordial. The study also argues that even though the state works closely with NGOs, it is the latter that are now responsible for delivering basic services to the subaltern. This has not only helped to legitimise the state, but concomitantly de-mobilised subaltern classes by keeping them at the periphery of the political economy. Subaltern classes in the district do appreciate the role NGOs are playing. However, most of the projects are not assertive enough to offset the challenges faced by the subalterns. Hence within the foreseeable future, the subalterns will be caught in a conundrum - dependant on NGOs for limited service provision, but not challenging the state for not playing its constituted role of service delivery.