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A new method is proposed to enhance the gain and efficiency of planar printed antennas. The proposed method is based on using artificial magnetic materials as a superstrate for planar printed antennas while maintaining the low-profile attractive feature of these antennas. It is found that the antenna's gain increases as the permeability of the superstrate increases. Due to the lack of low-loss natural magnetic materials in the microwave band, designing artificial materials with magnetic properties has become increasingly attractive in recent years. In particular, using magneto-dielectric superstrates reduces the wavelength in the media leading to a miniaturized composite structure (antenna with superstrate). The split ring resonator SRR is used as a unit cell of an artificial magnetic superstrate for a microstrip antenna to enhance the antenna gain and efficiency. Also, in this work, mechanism of operation for artificial magnetic materials is theoretically investigated. Analytical and numerical methods are provided to model the behaviour of these materials. Full-wave analysis of multilayered periodic structures is an expensive computational task which requires considerable computer resources. In this work, a fast analytical solution for the radiation field of a microstrip antenna loaded with a generalized superstrate is proposed. The proposed solution is based on using the cavity model in conjunction with the reciprocity theorem and the transmission line analogy. The proposed analytical formulation reduces the simulation time by two orders of magnitude in comparison with full-wave analysis. The method presented in this work is verified using both numerical and experimental results for the case of a patch antenna covered with an artificial 3D periodic superstrate. Another useful feature of a microstrip antenna covered with superstrate is controlling the direction and beamwidth of the main beam of the antenna. Beam steering has been traditionally implemented in antenna arrays using phase shifters which result in complex and expensive structures and suffer from high loss and mass. This work provides a novel method to steer the main beam of a patch antenna by partially covering it with a high refractive index superstrate. The beam steering of a single patch is possible because of the dual-slot radiation mechanism of the microstrip antenna (according to the cavity model). Full-wave simulations, analytical modeling and experiments are provided to support the proposed technique of beam steering in planar antennas.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D., Electrical Engineering)--University of Idaho, July 2007. / Major professor: Jeffrey L. Young. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-137). Also available online (PDF file) by subscription or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Z. John Zhang; Committee Member: Angus Wilkinson; Committee Member: C P Wong; Committee Member: E. Kent Barefield; Committee Member: Mostafa El-Sayed. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (M.M.S.E.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: John W. Gillespie, Dept. of Materials Science. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04760.pdf: 5699610 bytes, checksum: c39af246787ef81d5c48ece3cf888efc (MD5) / Thesis (Ph.D) / IPEN/T / University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 varanda_lc_dr_araiq.pdf: 7417295 bytes, checksum: ab47f79b7f3fc0d50c2f050195357f2a (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho, nanopartículas metálicas (NPM) aciculares e monodispersas de FeCo, FeTR (TR = Nd, Eu, Sm e Tb) e FeCoTR (TR = La-Tb), com ~60 nm de comprimento, razão axial de ~6 e estáveis frente à oxidação e sinterização foram obtidas pela redução em atmosfera de hidrogênio de NP de goetita contendo Co ou Co/TR e recobertas com alumina. O precursor na forma de NP de goetita monodispersas (60±5 nm de comprimento e razão axial de ~6) foi obtido por uma nova rota sintética baseado na hidrólise alcalina de íons Fe(III) em solução na presença de íons carbonato em três estágios: (i) formação de ferrihidrita, (ii) dissolução da ferrihidrita e nucleação de goetita, e (iii) crescimento dos núcleos de goetita. Duas temperaturas distintas foram utilizadas para a nucleação e o crescimento das partículas de goetita e o mecanismo de formação das NP monodispersas de goetita pode ser proposto. NP aciculares e monodispersas de hematita (210±20 nm de comprimento e razão axial de ~5) também foram sintetizadas por reações de hidrólise ácida forçada, e o mecanismo de transformação de -Fe2O3 a -Fe foi avaliado. NP de hematita foram recobertas com agentes antisinterizantes (sílica ou alumina), reduzidas a metal em atmosfera de hidrogênio (450 °C/12 h) e passivadas utilizando uma nova metodologia de passivação: uma mistura de vapores de etanol e gás nitrogênio passada pela amostra durante 15-20 min (processo comercial: nitrogênio:oxigênio (1:1) durante 4-6 h). NP recobertas com sílica apresentaram pequenas partículas esféricas metálicas encapsuladas em um molde acicular de sílica, conduzindo a perda da forma elipsoidal da fase metálica. NP recobertas com alumina resultaram em partículas aciculares metálicas recobertas com uma fina camada do agente anti-sinterizante (alumina) e estabilizadas pela formação... / Acicular monodispersed, metallic nanoparticles (MNP) of FeCo, FeRE (RE = Nd, Eu, Sm and Tb) and FeCoRE (RE = La-Tb), ~60 nm in the length and axial ratio ~6, stabilized against oxidation and sintering, obtained by reduction of alumina-coated goethite NP containing either Co or Co/RE under hydrogen flow were reported. Monodispersed goethite NP precursor (60±5 nm in length, axial ratio ~6) was obtained by a new synthetic route based on the hydrolysis of alkaline Fe(III) solutions in the presence of carbonate ions by a three step-procedure: (i) ferrihydrite formation, (ii) ferrihydrite dissolution and goethite nucleation, and (iii) goethite nuclei growth. Two different temperatures to promote goethite nucleation and growth were used and the formation mechanism of monodispersed goethite NP was proposed. Monodispersed and acicular hematite NP (210±20 nm in length, axial ratio ~5) were also synthesized by forced acid hydrolysis reaction, and the transformation mechanism from -Fe2O3 to -Fe was evaluated. Hematite was covered with anti-sintering agents (silica or alumina), reduced to metal in hydrogen atmosphere (450 °C/12 h) and passivated using a new methodology: ethanol vapors and nitrogen gas mixture for 15-20 min (commercial procedure: nitrogen:oxygen (1:1) gas mixture for 4-6 h). Silica-coated NP showed small metallic spherical particles encapsulated in an acicular silica template, leading to ellipsoidal-shape metallic phase loss. Alumina-coated particle showed an acicular metallic particle with thin layer anti-sintering alumina agent stabilized by maghemite thin layer on particle surface. The influence of the temperature, hydrogen flows and reduction time on the magnetic properties, crystallite size, crystallographic structure and phases were also investigated. A topotatic ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04760.pdf: 5699610 bytes, checksum: c39af246787ef81d5c48ece3cf888efc (MD5) / Thesis (Ph.D) / IPEN/T / University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England